General Physics Equation Summary Sheet, Slides of Physics

Download General Physics Equation Summary Sheet and more Slides Physics in PDF only on Docsity! ChemistryPrep.com 1 General Physics Equation Summary Sheet SI UNITS Length m Mass kg Time s Electric current A Temperature K Luminous intensity Cd DERIVED UNITS Volume m3 Force N Energy/Work J Power W Pressure Pa Charge C Resistance  Capacitance F METRIC PREFIXES Terra 1012 Giga 109 Mega 106 kilo 103 centi 10-2 milli 10-3 icro 10-6 nano 10-9 pico 10-12 femto 10-15 atto 10-18 KINEMATICS Δx Displacement v = ∆x ∆t Velocity a = ∆v ∆t Acceleration No Acceleration Uniform Acceleration Δx = vt Δx = vavgt Δx = vit + ½at2 vf 2 = vi 2 + 2aΔx vf = vi + at ROTATIONAL DYNAMICS  = F⊥ r  = (Fsinθ) r Torque I = ∑mr2 Moment of Inertia xCG = ∑ mixi ∑ mi Center of Gravity ∑F = 0 ∑τ = 0 Conditions for Equilibrium Angular Linear Δθ d ω v α a I m τ F τ = I α F = ma KErot = ½I2 KE = ½mv2 W = τ(Δθ) W = Fd L = I p = mv MECHANICS Newton’s Laws of Motion 1st Law If F = 0, then v = constant 2nd Law F = ma 3rd Law F1→2 = -F2→1 Fg = G m1m2 r2 Gravity G = 6.67 × 10−11 N ∙ m2 kg2 Gravitational Constant W = mg Weight Ffmax = μsFN Static Friction Ff = μkFN Kinetic Friction MOMENTUM AND COLLISIONS p = mv momentum FΔt = Δp Impulse-Momentum Theorem Elastic Collisions Perfectly Inelastic Collisions pi = pf pi = pf KEi = KEf KEi > KEf WORK AND ENERGY W = (Fcosθ)d Work E = KE + U Mechanical Energy KEi + Ui = KEf + Uf Conservation of Mechanical Energy KE = ½mv2 Kinetic Energy (Translational) Ugravitational = mgy Gravitational Potential Energy Uelastic = ½kx2 Elastic Potential Energy WNC = ΔE Work of Nonconservative Forces Wnet = ΔKE Work-Energy Theorem F = -kx Hooke’s Law (Spring Force) P = W ∆t = Fv Power ROTATIONAL KINEMATICS Linear Angular Relation Displacement Δx Δθ Δx = r Δθ Velocity v = ∆x ∆t ω = ∆θ ∆t v = rω Acceleration a = ∆v ∆t α = ∆ω ∆t a = r No Acceleration Uniform Acceleration linear angular linear angular Δx = vt Δθ = ωt Δx = vavgt Δθ = ωavgt Δx = vit + ½at2 Δθ = ωit + ½t2 vf 2 = vi 2 + 2aΔx ωf 2 = ωi 2 + 2Δθ vf = vi + at ωf = ωi + t UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION ac = v2 r Centripetal Acceleration F = mac = mv2 r Centripetal Force ChemistryPrep.com 2 FLUIDS ρ = m V Density S. G. = ρ ρ𝐻2𝑂 Specific Gravity P = fluid g h Hydrostatic Pressure (Gauge Pressure) P = P0 + fluid g h Absolute Pressure FB = Wfluid displaced FB=(fluid)(Vsubmerged)(g) Buoyancy Force % submerged = ρobject ρfluid × 100 F1 A1 = F2 A2 Pascal’s Principle (Hydraulic Jack) A1d1 = A2d2 Hydraulic Jack F = Av Flow Rate A1v1 = A2v2 Continuity Equation P1 + ½v1 2 + gy1 = P2 + ½v2 2 + gy2 Bernoulli’s Equation GASES P = F A Pressure p1V1 = p2V2 Boyle’s Law V1 T1 = V2 T2 Charles’ Law V1 n1 = V2 n2 Avogadro’s Principle p1V1 T1 = p2V2 T2 Combined Gas Law pV = nRT Perfect Gas Law ptotal = pA + pB + pC + … pA = χA ptotal Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures THERMODYNAMICS C = q ∆T Heat Capacity Cs = C m Specific Heat Capacity Cm = C n Molar Heat Capacity CV = ( δU δT ) V = ∆U ∆T Constant Volume Heat Capacity CP = ( δH δT ) P = ∆H ∆T Constant Pressure Heat Capacity U = q + w Change in Internal Energy q = ∫ CVdT Constant V w = ∫ −pextdV Universal q = ∫ CPdT Constant P w = −p∆V Constant pext q = −w Constant T w = −nRTln Vf Vi Reversible, Isothermal H = U + pV Enthalpy H = qp Enthalpy Change at Constant p CP – CV = nR For a Perfect Gas Laws of Thermodynamics 1st Law Energy can’t be created or destroyed. 2nd Law For a spontaneous process, ΔSuniverse > 0. 3rd Law A perfectly ordered crystal at 0K has zero entropy. ∆S = qrev T Entropy Change ∆S = nRln Vf Vi = nRln pi pf Entropy Change during Expansion/Compression ∆S = nC ln Tf Ti Entropy Change during heating SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION x = Acos(ωt) Displacement v = -Aωsin(ωt) vmax = Aω Velocity a = -Aω2cos(ωt) amax = Aω2 Acceleration f = 1 T Frequency / Period ω = 2πf = 2π T Frequency Factor ω = √ k 𝑚 Frequency Factor for Springs ω = √ g L Frequency Factor for Pendulums x = Acos(ωt + ϕ) ϕ = phase shift y(x,t) = Acos(ωt ± kx) ω = 2f k = 2π  Standing Waves f = v Wave Speed n = 2L n n = 1,2,3. .. String fixed at both ends Pipe open at both ends n = 4L n n = 1,3,5. .. String fixed at one end Pipe open at one end v = √ T μ Wave Velocity on a String ELASTICITY OF SOLIDS F A = Y ∆L L0 Stretching/Compression F A = S ∆x h Shear Deformation ∆P = −B ∆V V Volume Deformation