General Psychopathology - Psychiatry - Lecture Slides, Slides of Psychiatry

Download General Psychopathology - Psychiatry - Lecture Slides and more Slides Psychiatry in PDF only on Docsity! General Psychopathology Docsity.com Basic Terms in Psychiatry • Psychiatry studies the causes of mental disorders, gives their description, predicts their future course and outcome, looks for prevention of their appearance and presents the best ways of their treatment • Psychopathology describes symptoms of mental disorders • Special psychiatry is devoted to individual mental diseases • General psychiatry studies psychopathological phenomena, symptoms of abnormal states of mind: 1. consciousness 5. mood (emotions) 2. perception 6. intelligence 3. thinking 7. motor 4. memory 8. personality Docsity.com Disturbances of Perception • Perception is a process of becoming aware of what is presented through the sense organs • Imagery means an experience within the mind, usually without the sense of reality that is part of reality • Pseudoillusions – distorted perception of objects which may occur when the general level of sensory stimulation is reduced • Illusions are psychopathological phenomena; they appear mainly in conditions of qualitative disturbances of consciousness (missing insight) • Hallucination are percepts without any obvious stimulus to the sense organs; the patient is unable to distinguish it from reality Docsity.com Disturbances of Perception Hallucinations: • auditory (acousma) • visual • olfactory • gustatory • tactile (or deep somatic) • extracampine, inadequate • intrapsychic (belong rather to disturbances of thinking) • hypnagogic and hypnopompic (hypnexagogic) Pseudohallucinations - patient can distinguish them from reality Docsity.com Disorders of Thinking • Thinking • Cognitive functions • Disorders of thinking: – quantitative – qualitative Docsity.com Qualitative Disorders of Thinking Division of delusions: • according to onset a) primary (delusion mood, perception) b) secondary (systematized) c) shared (folie a deux) • according to theme a) paranoid (persecutory) - d. of reference, d. of jealousy, d. of control, d. concerning possession of thought b) megalomanic (grandiose, expansive) – d. of power, worth, noble origin, supernatural skills and strength, amorous d. c) depressive (micromanic, melancholic) – d. of guilt and worthlessness, nihilistic d., hypochondriacal d. d) concerning the possession of thoughts • thought insertion • thought withdrawal • thought broadcasting Docsity.com Disorders of Memory • Sensory stores - retains sensory information for 0.5 sec. • Short - term memory (working memory) - for verbal and visual information, retained for 15-20 sec., low capacity • Long-term memory – wide capacity and more permanent storage – declarative (explicit) memory – episodic (for events) or semantic (for language and knowledge) – procedural memory – for motor arts – priming – unconscious memory – conditioning – classic or emotional Docsity.com Disorders of Memory Disorders of memory: • Amnesia – inability to recall past events • Jamais vu, déja vu • Confabulation, amnesic disorientation, Korsakov’s syndrome • Pseudologia phantastica • Hypomnesia • Hypermnesia Docsity.com Disorders of Mood (Emotions) Pathological affect – very strong, abrupt affect with a short change of consciousness on its peak Pathological mood – two poles: – manic – depressive Phobia – persistent irrational fear and wish to avoid a specific situation, object, activity: – agoraphobia – claustrophobia – social phobias – hipsophobia – aichmophobia – keraunophobia Depersonalization – change of self-awareness, the person feels unreal, unable to feel emotion Docsity.com Disorders of Mood (Emotions) • Pathological mood: – origin – based on pathological grounds, no psychological cause – duration – unusually long-lasting – intensity – unusually strong, large changes in intensity – impossibility to be changed by psychological means • Pathological features of mood: – euphoria – expansive – exaltation – explosive – mania – hypomania – depression – apathy (anhedonia) – blunted, flattened affect – emotional lability – helpless Docsity.com Intelligence Disorders • Intelligence: – abstract – practical – social • Intelligence quotient (IQ): IQ = (mental age : calendar age) x 100 • Disorders of intellect: – mental retardation – dementia Docsity.com Multistable perception Docsity.com Mental construction — - __ Docsity.com