Bioinformatics: Genomic Mapping, Sequencing, and Markers, Study notes of Computer Science

Download Bioinformatics: Genomic Mapping, Sequencing, and Markers and more Study notes Computer Science in PDF only on Docsity! 10/5/2005 Su-Shing Chen, CISE 1 CAP 5510-8 BIOINFORMATICS Su-Shing Chen CISE 10/5/2005 Su-Shing Chen, CISE 2 Genomic Mapping & Mapping Databases
High resolution, genome-wide maps of DNA markers.
Integrated maps, genome catalogs and comprehensive databases linking positional and functional data.
A researcher can focus on a region by searching public mapping databases rather than performing lab experiments. 10/5/2005 Su-Shing Chen, CISE 5 Genomic Map Elements
DNA markers – uniquely identifiable segments of DNA, 300-400 nucleotide bases.
Markers are detected by PCR or hybridization. Polymorphic or monomorphic.
PCR–based markers are sequence- tagged sites (STS’s). They are uniquely PCR amplified by its primer sequences. 10/5/2005 Su-Shing Chen, CISE 6 ’ Al At Ds, ' AY A 1 fT = DNAisdenstured = GACT _ by heating Renaturation on cooling a | } é (d) DNA strand 10/5/2005 Nucleic Acid Hybridization 10/5/2005 Su-Shing Chen, CISE 10 PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)
A DNA synthesis technique that amplifies specific regions of DNA defined by complementary sequences of two specific primers.
The primers are short single stranded DNA molecules.
In cycles, the DNA fragments increase exponentially. POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION a DNA is denatured. Prirners attach To each strand, Anew DNA strand is synthesized behind prirners on each ternplate strand, EY sean oF interest, t primer Zz a Another round: DMA is Another round: DNA, denatured, primers are is denatured, primers attached, and the are attached, and the hurnber of DMA number of DNA strands are doubled, strands are doubled, 5. Continued rounds of arnplification swiftly produce large numbers of identical fragrnents. Each fragment contains the DNA region of interest. 10/5/200 4, Another round: Dé is denatured, primers are attached, and the number of DME strands are doubled, 11 10/5/2005 Su-Shing Chen, CISE 12 PCR
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), is a common method of creating copies of specific fragments of DNA. PCR rapidly amplifies a single DNA molecule into many billions of molecules.
In one application of the technology, small samples of DNA, such as those found in a strand of hair at a crime scene, can produce sufficient copies to carry out forensic tests.