Download Glaciers and Atmospheric Sciences: Terms and Definitions and more Quizzes Geology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 What is the definition of a glacier? DEFINITION 1 a thick ice mass that originates on land from the accumulation, compaction, and recrystallization of snow TERM 2 Where do glaciers form? DEFINITION 2 In mountains or on continents TERM 3 What is the difference between a mountain and a continental glacier? DEFINITION 3 Continental glaciers cover more space TERM 4 How do glaciers move? DEFINITION 4 Plastic flow-flowing solid, basal slip-movement over bedrock TERM 5 Where within a mountain glacier is the movement fastest? DEFINITION 5 the center TERM 6 glacial budget. DEFINITION 6 In = zone of accumulation (snow) Out = Ablation, general term for loss of ice or snow from a glacier In > Out = glacier will grow Out > In = glacier will shrink How do glaciers loss mass? If Out > In (Glacial Budget) Ice out can be from melting or parts breaking off TERM 7 Moraines DEFINITION 7 -a pile of debris that has been transported and deposited by a glacier TERM 8 Esker DEFINITION 8 -ridge of sorted sand and gravel deposited in sub-glacial melt water tunnels TERM 9 Kettle lake DEFINITION 9 -water filled depression left by a glacial ice block TERM 10 Erratics DEFINITION 10 -boulders left on the surface TERM 21 What are the constituents of the present atmosphere? DEFINITION 21 Nitrogen, Oxygen, Argon, Carbon Dioxide TERM 22 What are the global atmospheric circulation cells called, where are they located, and what do they do? DEFINITION 22 1) Polar, Ferrel, Hadley 2) Pole, Middle, Equator, Equator, Middle, Pole 3) Cold dry air descends as warm moist air rises TERM 23 What is acid rain and how does it form? DEFINITION 23 results from the chemical reaction between water and certain compounds in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide. Sulfur oxides (SOx). Nitrogen oxides (NOx). TERM 24 Describe the troposphere? DEFINITION 24 lowest layer, contains 80% of the mass of the atmosphere, layer where weather occurs, temperature decreases with height TERM 25 Describe the stratosphere? DEFINITION 25 Occurs between 15-50 km above surface, contains 18% of the mass of the atmosphere, temperature increases with height, contains ozone (O3) that shields the surface from UV radiation TERM 26 Describe the green house effect? DEFINITION 26 . incoming solar radiation consists of short, high energy waves. These waves pass thought the atmosphere and are absorbed by the Earth. Some of this absorbed energy is then released back into the atmosphere as long, low energy waves which are absorbed by the particles in the atmosphere and raise the temperature. TERM 27 What are some of the green house gases? DEFINITION 27 1.Water vapor 2.Carbon dioxide 3.methane 4.Chlo-floro- carbons TERM 28 What drives surface currents? DEFINITION 28 wind TERM 29 What is longshore transport? DEFINITION 29 Moving material down a beach. Waves hit the beach at an angle causing material to be thrown back at an angle, which is then pulled straight down TERM 30 What landforms are associated with wave refraction? DEFINITION 30 Embayment (less energy), Headland (more energy, erode faster) TERM 31 What are the parts of a wave? DEFINITION 31 Trough (low part), Crest (high part) TERM 32 what causes a wave to break? DEFINITION 32 when: wave base = 1/2 wave length as well as the resistance from the ocean floor as the wave travels toward the beach TERM 33 Does a wave move energy or water? DEFINITION 33 Energy TERM 34 What causes tides? DEFINITION 34 Gravitational influence of the Moon and Sun two times a day TERM 35 what is a spring tide? DEFINITION 35 When the moon and sun are aligned, the high tide is exaggerated
