GEOG 2051 (Exam 2) | GEOG 2051 - PHY GEOG LW SURFACES, Quizzes of Geography

Download GEOG 2051 (Exam 2) | GEOG 2051 - PHY GEOG LW SURFACES and more Quizzes Geography in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Slope DEFINITION 1 curve or incline surface that represents the boundary of a landform. TERM 2 critical steepness DEFINITION 2 the steepest that any slope can get TERM 3 gravity DEFINITION 3 the primary force acting upon slopes TERM 4 friction DEFINITION 4 the resistance that an object or surface encounters when moving against another TERM 5 coehesion DEFINITION 5 binding particles together TERM 6 saline DEFINITION 6 salt 97% of the surface of the earth TERM 7 fresh water DEFINITION 7 makes up 3% of the surface of the earth 80% that we use is located on the surface TERM 8 desalinization DEFINITION 8 A method to convert salt water into fresh water, which creates a larger supply However, this process makes the water more expensive which changes the way in which the water is used TERM 9 groundwater DEFINITION 9 A highly useful resource 50% of it is too deep to use a portion of the other 50% is geographically unavailable supplies 1/5 of our global water use TERM 10 Hydrologic Cycle (4 major components) DEFINITION 10 Change state - change between liquid, sold, & gas Water movement pathways - vertical movements, horizontal movements, Reservoirs - residence time. TERM 21 Recharge Rate DEFINITION 21 Rate at which water is being added to the groundwater If we start pumping the water out at a rate that is greater than the recharge rate, the maximum water level will fall. TERM 22 2 Types of Aquifers DEFINITION 22 Confined Unconfined TERM 23 Confined Aquifers DEFINITION 23 An impermeable layer of dirt/rock prevents water from entering from the surface. Instead, water seeps in from someplace farther away without the layer of dirt/rock TERM 24 Unconfined Aquifers DEFINITION 24 Water seeps in directly from the surface above the aquifer TERM 25 Aquifer Collapse DEFINITION 25 When the porous spaces fill with air causing the water to become very compressed TERM 26 Water Resources DEFINITION 26 Distribution of water: salt fresh frozen ground TERM 27 Fluvial DEFINITION 27 (related to rivers) drainage basin drainage patterns water movement through drainage basins channelized flow water source variability discharge sediment transport TERM 28 Drainage Basin DEFINITION 28 Area of land where surface water converges to a single point at a lower elevation, usually at the exit of the basin, where the water then joins into a much larger body. TERM 29 Drainage Patterns DEFINITION 29 The patterns formed by rivers, streams, & lakes in a particular basin TERM 30 Sediment Transport DEFINITION 30 The movement of solid particles, usually due to gravity and/or the movement of the fluid that the sediment is in. TERM 31 Temporal Variability in Discharge DEFINITION 31 Huge changes in the amount of water in a channel TERM 32 Major Inputs DEFINITION 32 Storm Events (cyclones, tornadoes, etc) Spring Flow Groundwater (constant, persistent, provides "base flow" which is maintained even during dryer seasons). TERM 33 Discharge "Q" DEFINITION 33 Q = channel width x channel depth x velocity of flow Q=wdv Discharge always increases as you move downstream in a river system (Q, w, d, and v all increase) TERM 34 Modes of Sediment Transport DEFINITION 34 Transport individual ions (atoms) of sediment Solution transport Suspension transport Traction Transport TERM 35 Solution Transport DEFINITION 35 Carries dissolved material (dissolved load) TERM 46 Braided Rivers DEFINITION 46 Many channels intertwining and merging to form a large set of channels (very large sediment supply, discharge variability, tend to go through an annual cycle). TERM 47 Meandering Rivers DEFINITION 47 Single Channel (very sinuous) moves back and forth in a series of long curves and bends don't change as rapidly as braided channels water flows faster on the outside of the curve and slower on the inside TERM 48 Oxbow Lake DEFINITION 48 Over time the whole meandering river channel shifts, becoming an oxbow lake (cut-off meander loops) faster flow = erosion slower flow = sediment deposits TERM 49 Flood Plains DEFINITION 49 Meander Scars Levees Yazoo Streams TERM 50 Meander Scars DEFINITION 50 Mark previous meander locations