Global Health & Social Issues: Deforestation, HIV/AIDS, Malaria, Gender Roles, Quizzes of Geography

Download Global Health & Social Issues: Deforestation, HIV/AIDS, Malaria, Gender Roles and more Quizzes Geography in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 What are natural resources? DEFINITION 1 anything created through natural processes that people use and valueex. water, air, oil, gold TERM 2 renewable vs. non renewable DEFINITION 2 renewable - replaced continually, at least within the human lifespannonrenewable - form so slowly that for practice purposed cannot be replaced TERM 3 What characteristics define a natural resource? DEFINITION 3 cultural value --> a society's cultural values influence people's decisions that a commodity is desirable and acceptable to usetechnology --> must be high enough to use resource of provide multiple useseconomy system --> affects whether a resource is affordable and accessible TERM 4 Sustainable development DEFINITION 4 development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs TERM 5 environmental determinism DEFINITION 5 Ellsworth Huntingtona doctrine that held that human activities are controlled by the environment such as social development economic development behavior TERM 6 possibilism DEFINITION 6 belief that the natural environment does more than limit the range of choices, affording opportunities rather than imposing limitations TERM 7 What was the legacy of the Industrial Revolution in the environment? DEFINITION 7 discoveryutilizationdependencytechnology to use fossil fuelspollutionconsumption TERM 8 deforestation DEFINITION 8 the removal of trees from a forested area without adequate replanting (and not replanting the native species) TERM 9 desertification DEFINITION 9 the extension of desert like conditions as a result of climatic change or human activities overgrazing of deforestation, usually in semiarid regions degrade the soil where only certain plants can grow can be irreversible TERM 10 carbon trading market DEFINITION 10 companies in violation of emissions are buying allowances from companies that emit less than the limitpaying rate to emit one ton of CO2 is between $5 and $10 TERM 21 What the the symptoms and solutions of malnutrition? DEFINITION 21 hunger and malnutrition are important economic indicators1/6 of world is malnourishedsymptoms --> impaired vision, inability to concentrate and learn, greater vulnerability to disease and poor health, shorter life expectancy, and death TERM 22 What creates food shortages? DEFINITION 22 causes --> civil war (using food as a weapon), natural disasters, economic problems, failure of agriculture programs, economic sanctions, political mismanagement TERM 23 example of a country that doesn't have money, but is healthy DEFINITION 23 Sri Lanka made medical care free trained midwives so that births were attended by professionals, built clinics in rural areas, set up a system for sending medical issues to hospitals, improving transportation TERM 24 Gender roles DEFINITION 24 expectations regarding the skills, rights, and duties of individuals TERM 25 status DEFINITION 25 refers to one's position in hte social, economic, and political heirachy TERM 26 socialization DEFINITION 26 the process in which values and perceptions help to determine our roles in society TERM 27 perception DEFINITION 27 shaped by values learned from people and thigns around us through a process called socialization (parents, religion/ government authorities, teachers, media, friends) TERM 28 HIV/AIDS DEFINITION 28 growing more rapidly in womenmarriage doesn't stop the spread --> men don't use condoms, have multiple partnerssolutions: property ownership and inheritance, education, change norms, empower women TERM 29 property, inheritance, traveling DEFINITION 29 women cannot inherit propertyinheritance --> some countries only allow women to inherit half as much as mentraveling --> in some countries women are not free to travel around the country without a man TERM 30 Rape DEFINITION 30 widespread in Africa, India, and Pakistan"virginity test" to see if a woman is sexually activerape is used as a weapon"corrective rape" --> trying to cure lesbians of their sexual orientation TERM 31 abortion DEFINITION 31 female fetuses are sometimes aborted in China and India because of the lower status of women in these societies TERM 32 women missing DEFINITION 32 estimated that some 100 million women are missing (killed by abortions or neglect0 TERM 33 marriage DEFINITION 33 men can have multiple wives and can file for divorce, but women cannot marry more than once and cannot easily obtain a divorce TERM 34 Dowries DEFINITION 34 children are normally sold as brides or property TERM 35 sex trafficking/sale of females DEFINITION 35 practice of trafficking young girls and women into forced marriages poor girls are sold by their families lower social and economic status TERM 46 What is the impact of women working? DEFINITION 46 empowered women, declines fertility, challenges traditional values, become self-sufficient TERM 47 What areas are women working in? DEFINITION 47 clothing, textiles, shoes, electronics, communications TERM 48 Why are women in such demand? DEFINITION 48 willing to take ordersdexteritywillingness to work in harsh conditions (long hours, long pay) TERM 49 Why is it important for women to have access to financial assistance? DEFINITION 49 women are able to contribute more to the householdmore money equals greater consumption, stimulates economic growthwomen who work outside the home are likely to have lower fertility rates, greater access to health care, better nutrition, and increased self empowerment TERM 50 What is the Grameen Bank? DEFINITION 50 micro-credit lending in Bangladeshindividual credit relies on the performance of the whole groupSixteen decisions --> social contract committment to educating their children refusal to give or take a dowry emphasis on self improvement and economic prosperity, pledge to have small families TERM 51 tribalism DEFINITION 51 an outdated term that was used by Westerners to refer to groups of indigenous people in Africa, Asia, and Latin America TERM 52 ethnic identity DEFINITION 52 the set of meanings that individuals impute to their membership in an ethnic community TERM 53 ethnic group DEFINITION 53 composed of a large or small cultural group who share a sense of: identity, history, language, culture, geographic location, religions beliefs TERM 54 nation DEFINITION 54 ethnic group with nationalistic aspirations, ex. Kurds in Turkey, iraq, iIan, Syria TERM 55 State DEFINITION 55 a legal concept describing a social group that occupies a defined territory and is organized under common political institutions and an effective government, is recognized by other states TERM 56 identity DEFINITION 56 concept of self, selection of phsychological, emotional, or social/cultural attributes of particular individuals, shapes by social, cultural, economic, and religious factors TERM 57 ethnic pluralism DEFINITION 57 presence of many different groups within a specific geographical boundary, caused by earlier conquest and colonization TERM 58 What is important about ethnic identity? DEFINITION 58 framework so people can determine their valuesprejudice and prejudgementssense of belongingshared experiencespolitical reasonsunitydiscrimination (us vs. them)solidarityidentity TERM 59 What are the causes of ethnic conflict? DEFINITION 59 divisions --> skin color, religious affiliation, regional ties, socioeconomic statusgeographical proximityoutside interferenceprejudice, hatredleaders promoting own objectivescompetition for resourcesmodernizationweak political institutionstransition to democracy, access to weapons TERM 60 What are the costs of ethnic conflict? DEFINITION 60 millions of deaths --> land mineseconomic costs political instabilityrefugeesneighboring countries are affectedfamineenvironmental destructioncostly and must be financeddrug problems are made worse by conflict