Geography Unit 1 | GEO 1002 - NORTH AMERICAN GEOGRAPHY, Quizzes of Geography

Download Geography Unit 1 | GEO 1002 - NORTH AMERICAN GEOGRAPHY and more Quizzes Geography in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 What are the four spheres of Geography DEFINITION 1 Lithosphere: is the earth. Non-living. Examples include: volcanoes, earthquakes, mountains, and lands. Hydrosphere: all the water on, under or abvoe the surfaces of the earth. Examples include: rivers, oceans, icebergs, and clouds. Atmosphere: the gases that surround the earth. Examples include: air masses, climates, weather patterns, and winds. Biosphere:all living things on the planet. Examples include: animals, plants, humans, and ecosystems. TERM 2 What is location DEFINITION 2 Location:Absolute: exact coordinate on a map (longitude and latitude) Ex: google maps The US capitol in latitude/ longitude is 38 53 35 N, 77 00 32 W. Relative: describe where the location is (what is it near?) (gives two locations and relates them between them; example; Shelbourne is 5 km from St. Andrews) TERM 3 Place DEFINITION 3 Physical Characteristics: landforms, vegetation, water, soil, animals, temperature White Rock housing City Hall Schools Temples (Muslim/Sikh) Multicultural Urban sprawl / Rural community Cloverdale/Newton Athletic Park Rodeo Human Characteristics: How do people make a living. What have people done to the landscape. (how have humans adapted the land for their use helps humans in one way but hinders them also) Bear Creek Park White Rock Beach Tynehead Park Fraser River Number of Creeks and ponds Surrey Lake Size-physical size Green Timbers TERM 4 Human and Environmental Interaction DEFINITION 4 Human/ Environmental Interaction How humans modify the environment. Examples: conservation efforts, farming, urbanization, pollution. How humans adapt to the environment. Weather, houses. Industry in central Surrey -Building Houses Bridges (Port Mann/Alex Fraser/Patullo) Planting/Cutting down trees Adaptations Dressing appropriately for the weather Winter tires for snow/or heavy rainfall Using umbrellas for rainfall Sunscreen Depend Air we breathe Fraser R. for transportation Food (agricultural area) ALR Blueberries, Corn, Cattle, Strawberries TERM 5 Movement: DEFINITION 5 Movement of people, animals, and goods. Wind patterns, ocean currents, tides, tectonic plates Information: ideas and news. Skytrain Buses Cars Bicycles Internet (communication) Rail System Highways (Highway 1/99) -Phones Ferries Radios/TV Text Messaging Fax TERM 6 Region DEFINITION 6 How different areas are split up. Biomes: rainforest, deserts Mountain ranges Climate types Human created regions? Examples: middle east, municipalities, electoral districts. Vernacular Gang Capital of Canada Ghetto? Drug Car Theft Capital Village West Coast Poverty-ridden Functional District/School Board Postal Delivery The Leader and The Now Formal GVRD BC Canada Municipality Lower Mainland Temperate Rainforest West Coast TERM 7 What were the two main theories of the beginning of the earth? DEFINITION 7 Creationism (God created earth in seven days) and Big Bang Theory (Collusion in space and particles began to stick together, and they soon started to create a formation) Impacts in space Large enough not to be pulled into the sun Collision with Theia (another planet) pieces joined earth the other formed the moon Meteorites carried water Heavy elements sunk TERM 8 Lithosphere DEFINITION 8 A lithosphere is the rigid, outermost shell of a terrestrial-type planet or natural satellite that is defined by its rigid mechanical properties.Sial: (l means land) continental crust. Upper layer of the crust. Lighter than oceanic crust. (silica and aluminum) GRANITE Sima: outer crust. Lowest point of the crust. Mostly found at the bottom of the ocean. Aqua=a= ocean. (silica and magnesium) BASALT TERM 9 Mesosphere DEFINITION 9 The mesosphere is the layer of the Earth's atmosphere that is directly above the stratosphere and directly below the mesopause. (mantle) 83 percent of earths volume MOHO: boundary between lithosphere and the Mesosphere. MOHO: stands for Mohorovicic Discontinuity** (do not need to know) It is not a zone, rather its a boundary Asthenosphere: a layer of molten rock directly below the lithosphere. Upper mantle: more liquid materials Lower Mantle: more dense materials Density increases as you near the core of the Earth. Convection currents happen here. (moves because everything floats above) -Mountains and volcanoes, divergent plate, trenches, earthquakes. Earth has 13 major plate tectonics that move. More pressure= bigger earthquake, less pressure=lesser earthquake. POLES HAVE STRONGEST MAGNETIC FIELD TERM 10 Convection Currents DEFINITION 10 Convection is the heat transfer due to bulk movement of molecules within fluids such as gases and liquids, including molten rock.he warmer water is pulled northward to replace the cold water thats been pulled southward. This process distributes heat and soluble nutrients around the world. TERM 21 Plate Motions DEFINITION 21 Range up to a typical 10-40mm/year, (Mid Atlantic ridge, about as fast as fingernails grow) to about 160mm/year (Nazca Plate, about as fast as fingernails grow.) TERM 22 What are the 3 types of Plate Movement? DEFINITION 22 Divergent Convergent Transform Fault: visible (orchard) Ex: San Andres Fault Line Divergent: TERM 23 Divergent Plate Boundary DEFINITION 23 In plate tectonics, a divergent boundary or divergent plate boundary is a linear feature that exists between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other. D= divide New lithosphere is being created Mostly found in ocean Effects: mid-ocean ridges and rifts Ex: Mid Atlantic Ridge Called mid-ocean ridges Ex: Iceland (Divergent boundary on land) Uses alternative energy TERM 24 Explain Sea Floor Spreading DEFINITION 24 New land continuously being created at mid-ocean ridges. As plates move, magma rises from the asthenosphere (plastic zone) continues to fill the rift (crack), the rock solidifies, and becomes part of the spreading plate. As new ocean crust forms, the rock is magnetized by the magnetic field of the earth. TERM 25 Mid Ocean Ridge DEFINITION 25 A mid-ocean ridge is an underwater mountain system formed by plate tectonics. It consists of various mountains linked in chains, typically having a valley known as a rift running along its spine. Along the ocean floor a number of segments are offset from one another. Crack appears in the ocean floor between one section. At crack, plates are moving horizontally, in opposite directions. Fault lines are known as transform faults. TERM 26 African Rift Valley DEFINITION 26 The East African Rift is an active continental rift zone in East Africa. The EAR began developing around the onset of the Miocene, 22-25 million years ago. Greatest continental crack in the Earths crust. The African Rift Valley system is a constructive plate margin similar to a mid-ocean ridge. New land is created. Gradually widening. Lava is gradually pushed its way upwards. East African Rift Valley: 1.9 million years old. TERM 27 Transform Fault DEFINITION 27 A transform fault or transform boundary is a plate boundary where the motion is predominantly horizontal. Visible (orchard) Example: San Andres Fault TERM 28 Convergent Boundary DEFINITION 28 Two plates of different density move toward each other, one plate will eventually be forced down under the other. Ocean plates have higher density than continental plates and when these two meet the denser ocean plate dives down into the mantle. Can be referred to as destructive plates Collide=c Possibility of volcanoes and fold mountains Two plates that move towards each other TERM 29 Subduction Zone DEFINITION 29 Subduction is a geological process that takes place at convergent boundaries of tectonic plates where one plate moves under another and is forced or sinks due to gravity into the mantle. TERM 30 Island Arcs DEFINITION 30 An island arc is a type of archipelago, often composed of a chain of volcanoes, with arc-shaped alignment, situated parallel and close to a boundary between two converging oceanic tectonic plates. Examples include Philippine and Tonga Islands. TERM 31 Fold Mountains DEFINITION 31 Fold mountains are mountains that form mainly by the effects of folding on layers within the upper part of the Earth's crust. When the colliding plates are both light continental plates, they buckle upwards forming fold mountains. Ex: Himalayan mountains, Rocky Mountains, Coast range. TERM 32 Ocean to Continental Convergent Boundary (sima-Sial) DEFINITION 32 The heavier oceanic crust will sink A deep trench will form off the crust Volcanic Activity Ex: Andes mountains, cascade mountains TERM 33 Ocean to Ocean Convergent Boundary (SIMA- SIMA) DEFINITION 33 One of the oceanic crust plates will eventually sink below the other Different than hot spots Ex: philipinnes TERM 34 Continental to Continetnal (SIAL- SIAL) DEFINITION 34 oth light continental plates buckle upwards causing fold mountains. Mountain range Ex: Mt. Everest (4mm/year) and Manga Parbat (7mm/year) Continental Convergence TERM 35 Continental Shelf DEFINITION 35 Shallow flat area of ocean floor that continues until the deep ocean trenches. Can extend for around 100km before the shelf drops off.