Groundwater: Properties, Formation, and Significance, Quizzes of Geology

Download Groundwater: Properties, Formation, and Significance and more Quizzes Geology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Importance of groundwater (3) DEFINITION 1 22% of fresh water supply, often the only one available in areas production of caves Major use for agriculture (65%), industry and domestic use TERM 2 What is groundwater? Means? DEFINITION 2 water which has entered into the ground percolation thru soil disappearing streams infiltration from streams and river banks TERM 3 How does groundwater enter the ground? DEFINITION 3 flows through voids in sediments, soils and through pores in rocks TERM 4 Porosity DEFINITION 4 measure of space in the rock which can hold water TERM 5 Permeability DEFINITION 5 measure of how easy water can flow along thru the rock TERM 6 Factors affecting porosity (3) DEFINITION 6 Sorting: space Limestone: can be made porous by chemical weathering or dissolution Metamorphic and igneous rock can be made more porous by fracturing TERM 7 Factors affecting permeability (4) DEFINITION 7 grain size interconnectivity of pores fractures and connectivity of fractures dissolution TERM 8 Aquifers DEFINITION 8 large rock and sediment formations which are typically very porous and permeable and transport large amounts of water TERM 9 Best aquifers DEFINITION 9 well sorted beds of gravel or dissoluted and fractured limestone TERM 10 Often once depleted, aquifers cannot be refilled due to what? DEFINITION 10 subsidence TERM 21 Cave formations caused by erosion and deposition of groundwater: (4) DEFINITION 21 Stalactites: hang from ceiling Stalagmites: stick up from floor Columns: where two meet Soda straws: smaller, hollow versions of 1st two TERM 22 Problems w/ excess usage of gw (4) DEFINITION 22 subsidence sinkholes: central FL and CA saltwater intrusions: gulf coast contamination TERM 23 Largest division in time DEFINITION 23 Eon TERM 24 2 current eons DEFINITION 24 Precambrian or cryptozoic (hidden life) Phanaerozoic (visible life) TERM 25 Describe cryptozoic DEFINITION 25 earth's atmosphere is mainly N and CO2 all life is in the oceans; also absent of oxygen TERM 26 Miller's Experiment DEFINITION 26 takes parts of earth's early atmosphere and oceans, subjecting them to lightning and U.V. rays. Large carbs, complex proteins, lipids and a.a. are made TERM 27 Sidney Fox's Experiment DEFINITION 27 Same conditions as Miller's experiments, lipids form spheres and replicate, and those w/ a.a. and RNA in them do so better TERM 28 Parts of Precambrian/Cryptozoic era (3) DEFINITION 28 Proteorzoic Archean Hadean TERM 29 What was most life during the Archean or first part of the Cryptozoic Era? DEFINITION 29 prokaryotic and chemosynthetic TERM 30 What starts to appear in the Proteozoic? DEFINITION 30 stromatolites TERM 31 Wilson Cycle DEFINITION 31 various steps an ocean goes through from its creation to its eventual death TERM 32 Wilson Cycle (6) DEFINITION 32 RiftingEast AfricaGreat Rift Valley YoungRed Sea MatureAtlantic AgingPacific TerminalMediterranean SuturingHimalayans TERM 33 Benthic DEFINITION 33 ocean floor and things living there TERM 34 Pelagic DEFINITION 34 open ocean and things living there TERM 35 littoral DEFINITION 35 area between high tide and low tide. shoreline TERM 46 What stage is the Atlantic ocean? DEFINITION 46 Mature TERM 47 The pacific ocean is an aging. Why? DEFINITION 47 Subduction zones around it TERM 48 List 3 geologic formations that are associated w/ emergent coastlines. DEFINITION 48 Fjords, arches, terraces TERM 49 Biological problem associated w/ fjords and its cause. DEFINITION 49 Anoxic and morrang TERM 50 What type of coastline is gulf coast? DEFINITION 50 Submerging TERM 51 3 reasons for sand starvation DEFINITION 51 sea lvl rise, dams, jetties and groins TERM 52 age of trilobites? DEFINITION 52 Cambrian TERM 53 What period is the greatest mass extinction? DEFINITION 53 Permian TERM 54 3 things needed for fossilization DEFINITION 54 undisturbed, buried quickly, hard parts TERM 55 best description for dino track DEFINITION 55 trace TERM 56 best description for frozen mammal DEFINITION 56 original remains TERM 57 what organism still alive today created free oxygen? DEFINITION 57 Stromatolites TERM 58 Name given to iron rich structures made by stromatolites. DEFINITION 58 BIF TERM 59 Name of iron rich structures on lands. DEFINITION 59 Red beds TERM 60 Grass appeared first in what period? DEFINITION 60 creteous