Geriatric Notes is an essential quick reference for the advanced practice provider (APP) w, Cheat Sheet of Geriatrics

Download Geriatric Notes is an essential quick reference for the advanced practice provider (APP) w and more Cheat Sheet Geriatrics in PDF only on Docsity! Influences on Quality of Life Nutrition A. Nutrition @ Is the sum total of all interactions between an organism & the food it consumes. @ tis what the person eats and how the body uses it. @ People require the essential nutrients in food for the growth and maintenance of all body tissues and normal functioning of all body processes. Essential Nutrients @ Water- body’s most basic nutrient need. Water: Essential to your body oO ooo0o000 Regulates body temperature. Moistens tissues in the eyes, nose and mouth. Protects body organs and tissues. Carries nutrients and oxygen to cells. Lubricates joints. Lessens burden the on kidneys and liver by flushing out waste products. Helps dissolve minerals and nutrients to make them accessible to your body. @ Carbohydrates- composed of the elements like carbon (C ), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (0). v v Carbohydrates have six major functions within the body: Providing energy and regulation of blood glucose. Sparing the use of proteins for energy. Breakdown of fatty acids and preventing ketosis. Biological recognition processes. Flavor and Sweeteners. Dietary fiber. @ Proteins - are organic substance composed of amino acids. v Like carbohydrates, protein contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and also contain nitrogen. Functions of Proteins Protein is vital in the maintenance of body tissue, including development and repair. Protein is the major source of energy. Protein is involved in the creation of some hormones, help control body functions that involve the interaction of several organs and help regulate cell growth. Protein produces enzymes that increase the rate of chemical reactions in the body. ids/fats - are organic substances that are greasy and insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol or ether. FAT IS GOOD FOR Absorption of Helping your Siege Taner ataltatewen atecu) Coe elle nad Regulating body ing a feeling temperature of satiety ABCDE...Vitamins! MINERALS - Minerals have 4 major functions: + Body building - teeth and bones - Control of body processes, especially the nervous system - Essential part of body fluids and cells - Form part of enzymes and other proteins necessary for the release of energy Functions of Minerals <> Formation of bones and teeth — Ca <> Mg — Cofactors for metabolic enzymes Transportation of Oxygen — Fe K— Regulate heart beat, membrane potential Boost body immunity and heal wounds — zn cl — Produce hydrochloric—acid in stomach Produce thyroid hormones _ I P — Synthesis of DNA and bones Regulate body fluids, maintain pH balance — Na Cu — Metabolism of Iron and enzymes Functioning of antioxidant enzymes — Se PEPE TET EY aN 9 0 0 v 8 x 0 9 3 q 9 3 5 W 0 www .foodsciencesblog.com Macro minerals Major minerals Mineral Function Sources Sodium Needed for proper fluid Table salt, soy sauce; large amounts in balance, nerve transmission, | processed foods; small amounts in milk, and muscle contraction breads, vegetables, and unprocessed meats Chloride Needed for proper fluid Table salt, soy sauce; large amounts in balance, stomach acid processed foods; small amounts in milk, meats, breads, and vegetables Potassium Needed for proper fluid Meats, milk, fresh fruits and vegetables, balance, nerve transmission, | whole grains, legumes and muscle contraction Calcium Important for healthy bones | Milk and milk products; canned fish with and teeth; helps muscles bones (salmon, sardines); fortified tofu relax and contract; and fortified soy milk; greens (broccoli, important in nerve mustard greens); legumes functioning, blood clotting, blood pressure regulation, immune system health Phosphorus Important for healthy bones | Meat, fish, poultry, eggs, milk, processed and teeth; found in every foods (including soda pop) cell; part of the system that maintains acid-base balance Magnesium Found in bones; needed for | Nuts and seeds; legumes; leafy, green making protein, muscle vegetables; seafood; chocolate; contraction, nerve artichokes; "hard" drinking water transmission, immune system health Sulfur Found in protein molecules | Occurs in foods as part of protein: meats, poultry, fish, eggs, milk, legumes, nuts Microminerals Trace minerals Mineral Function Sources lron Part of a molecule (hemoglobin) Organ meats; red meats; fish; found in red blood cells that carries oxygen in the body; poultry; shellfish (especially clams); egg yolks; legumes; dried fruits; needed for energy metabolism dark, leafy greens; iron-enriched breads and cereals; and fortified cereals Zinc Part of many enzymes; needed for | Meats, fish, poultry, leavened whole making protein and genetic grains, vegetables material; has a function in taste perception, wound healing, normal fetal development, production of sperm, normal growth and sexual maturation, immune system health lodine Found in thyroid hormone, which | Seafood, foods grown in iodine-rich helps regulate growth, soil, iodized salt, bread, dairy development, and metabolism products Selenium Antioxidant Meats, seafood, grains Copper Part of many enzymes; needed for | Legumes, nuts and seeds, whole iron metabolism grains, organ meats, drinking water Manganese Part of many enzymes Widespread in foods, especially plant foods Fluoride Involved in formation of bones Drinking water (either fluoridated or and teeth; helps prevent tooth naturally containing fluoride), fish, decay and most teas Chromium Works closely with insulin to Unrefined foods, especially liver, regulate blood sugar (glucose) brewer's yeast, whole grains, nuts, levels cheeses Molybdenum Part of some enzymes Legumes; breads and grains; leafy greens; leafy, green vegetables; milk; liver Factors Affecting Nutrition 1. Developmental considerations @ Infants & adolescence have increased needs for nutrient. @ Older need fewer calories & dietary changes in view of the risk of coronary heart disease osteoporosis and hypertension. 2. Gender - nutrient requirements are different for men & women because of body composition & reproductive functions. @ The larger muscle mass of men translates into a greater need for calories & proteins.