IELTS essay samples, Exercises of English Philology

Download IELTS essay samples and more Exercises English Philology in PDF only on Docsity! 32 IELTS ESSAY SAMPLES Band 9 1. You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Present a written argument to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic: "Children are facing more pressures nowadays from academic, social and commercial perspectives. What are the causes of these pressures and what measures should be taken to reduce these pressures? Model Answer: It is commonly said that today’s children are pressurized as were yesterday’s adults. That’s true in the sense that children are facing harder and harder academic, social and commercial challenges. It is happening simply because of the ever increasing demands of life, from the same perspectives, on humans in general. While it is important that children excel in their age to become successful as adults, they must be shielded from the mounting pressure by maintaining a balance between material and psychological growth. As the global village becomes more and more competitive everyday, it becomes important for us to prepare for the fight, so to speak, earlier and earlier. This is realized by all, which triggers societies to push their juveniles during their learning stage. The other thing that is contributing to this ever rising pressure on children is the lack institutional opportunities, especially in developing countries. Now, more than ever, children are having to race each other for reaching the privilege of higher education. While healthy competition is helpful for the psycho-social development of young ones, it is rather unhealthy when the race becomes more prominent than the objective. Of course the objective of children competing against each other ideally is brining the best out of themselves. But, very frequently, a child is compelled to compete for becoming better than the other. In other words, the competition becomes a brawl rather than being a sprint. To stop such spiteful struggle among our young, we must first establish a sense of camaraderie within all our developmental institutions, such as schools and colleges. Students must contest for academic betterment, not social supremacy. Also, parents should get proactively involved in promoting sportsmanship among learners. They must not allow vile aggressiveness and their own vengefulness in the lives of their children. To sustain such social reformation the government must establish ample alternatives to the traditional route to success. 32 IELTS ESSAY SAMPLES - Band 9 4.You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Present a written argument to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic: "In light of the current socio-economic situation of the world, do you think this the right time for wild life preservation? If yes, what are the ways and means you suggest for this?" Model Answer: The present day is the age of contradictions of opinions, inventions, and actions. As if to exemplify, the civilized man pampers the wilderness while devouring it. But this paradox is practically inevitable since we exploit the wild for sustenance and, hence, we must sustain it for our continued future. So, regardless of economics or societal factors, wild life must be preserved at any and all times. We must conserve, and cohabit with, the wild which, in fact, will preserve it in the long run. It is true that for us to survive we must exploit the environment and all life in it. So preservationist campaigns that suggest leaving the wilderness alone or becoming a part of it has not been so popular and viable. A wiser approach is conservation, using the God sent resources sparingly like fiscal savings. Being wasteful, in any facet of life, is reproachable, and same goes for wild life. If we exploit nature only so economically that we obtain our nourishment while keeping her so sound that she continues bearing fruit, we will be best off, as not only us, but also generations to come will have sustained this way. Being wasteful and destructive will only usurp the natural resources catastrophically faster which may cause the untimely demise of all humans. Also, if we keep the spirit of harmony and learn to cohabit with wild life, all may live. This planet is in fact big enough for sustaining all life. So, being destructive to that which does not fight back is foolish, especially when the non-aggressor is our sole source. To conclude, here, we should never be scrutinizing whether it is the right time for preserving wild life because any time is a good time, and, practically, the only time, for guaranteeing that nature sustains so that she withholds us and others with nurturing care. 5.You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Present a written argument to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic: "Advertisements of toys and fast foods are obstacles to children’s physical and mental development, and, at the same time, cause loss of time and money of parents." Model Answer: Today’s TV is full of commercials both for adults and children. These adverts are supposed to attract people’s attention toward the target product. It’s certain that they work, but, perhaps, they work a little too much on the younger viewers. I believe toy and fast food adverts profusely affect the overall development of young ones, and, also, harm parents in many ways. It is known that children are not matured enough to always distinguish fiction from reality, especially when the imaginary images are so colourful and vividly projected like it is done in today’s media. It has been noticed and identified that fast food adverts are making today’s children more and more inclined to adopting low-nutritional value snacks as main food items. As result, their health has been deteriorating over all. Toy commercials, on the other hand, affect the children on a more subtle ground. While it is acceptable that young ones play with toys for intellectual development and for indulging into the colourful world of imagination, it is undeniable that the over-blown adverts tend to fuse reality and fiction. As a result, in the real world, when actual challenges of society and academia are to be dealt with, children may lack rational responsibility. This is of course solely the effect of toy commercials. Also, it must not be forgotten that deserting the play ground for the playpen will and does have dire consequences on the children physiological growth. With children not being parallel to the established line of development, parents have to pay for their disarraying. Because of the negative effect of toy and fast food advertisements, parents lose substantial amounts of money simply buying objects and food items of no concrete or nutritional value. Less obviously, because of being lesser healthy, children these days have higher possibility of falling ill, which is a matter of massive expenses, of money, time and serenity. To conclude, it must be said that while commercials of toys and fast foods cannot be stopped, they must be properly graded for ensuring harmlessness to our children and their parents. 6.You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Present a written argument to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic: "Adult youths are often called up for working for the development of communities. Do you think they should work voluntarily or should they get paid? Give your opinion in no less than 250 words." Model Answer: The development of communities requires the vibrant energy of young blood. There are many volunteer programs, in most communities, where the young utilize their vigour for the good of men. But, to ascertain the involvement of the young adult in community development, I believe monetary incentives should be there. It is true that one should not wait for material advantages before trying to contribute to his society. The drive for helping others should be an integral part of one’s moral integrity. But too often the modern man is compelled to shun that which is moral and embrace what is beneficial materially, directly, and to himself. Aside from the weakness of character shown in such cases, by man, often his morality succumbs to the rising need for sustaining oneself independently. Ages ago the youth was spared from such desperation, by the cooperative social structure of then. But now, every adult is out on his own. So, to neutralize the economic pressure blocking the adult young from participating in community development, the people should arrange for them monetary incentives. That way they can sustain themselves and the community at the same time. A more practical perspective may tell us that today’s age is really not so much compatible with volunteering. In many developed countries, even the police force is run profitably. And CSR of profit motivated enterprises has started replacing non-profit philanthropy. So to expect adults, young or not, to volunteer for community development is only cacophony amidst the modern melody of social building and maintenance. In the end, though, a conclusion to this argument relies on circumstantial judgement, and balancing of individual and social interests. While money will motivate a permanent source of energy for developing communities, youths should not wait for a cost benefit analysis before saving a community in dire straits. 9.You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Present a written argument to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic: "Some people think that hard work and determination are the keys to success in life. Some, on the other hand, think that there are other factors behind a successful life. Give your opinion." Model Answer: To succeed in life the need for hard work and determination is undeniable. Of course the definition of success there is substantial improvement of one’s professional, financial, intellectual, or spiritual status. Often it appears that there had been other catalysts for success, like opportunity and guidance. But my belief is that, with enough perseverance and diligence all variables in the way of becoming successful may be neutralized. A person, in education, career or soul searching, faces many hurdles, some barely discomforting and others disarming. That is surely beyond argument. Hence there should not be disagreements in saying, hurdles are called such because they require us to put in more effort than usual. The greater the hurdle is, the more effort we must put in. Drawing from this, success and the hard work – determination factor are positively related to each other. It is as irrefutable as mathematics. A contradictory point of view may project that the formulaic relationship between hard work – determination and achievement may be engineered by the opportunity and/or guidance one might get. That is reasonably agreeable. But such secondary factors can never become the primary. For example, it is commonly said that George W. Bush, the Senior, has been far more prolific, than his son is, in his military, bureaucratic, and political career, while it is evident that he had to diligently work his way up the ladder, from being a soldier to the fabled US White House. Mr. Bush Junior, on the other hand, had most of his way to the oval office already paved by the grace of his patron. Then it may be said that Bush Sr. worked harder than Bush Jr. did, and we all are spectators of their discriminated rapport, as humans and as leaders. Therefore, I conclude here that, though some secondary factors sometimes may influence the dynamics of success, achievement of it solely depends on hard work and determination. 10.You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Present a written argument to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic: "Countries become more developed due to mix of different people and their culture. Do you agree or disagree?" Model Answer: In this era of globalization, few countries are left from extensive mixing of people and their cultures. Countries are becoming mere political regions and nations, reminder of bygone traditions. I believe this is happening clearly for the better. The most beneficial contribution of population mixing is perhaps the complimenting of peoples, which encounter and fuse with each other, for mutual development. When people cross borders, they carry their ideas, knowledge and skills and let them blend with those of others. The compound is ideally beneficial because people generally take up and sustain what is good for them. For this blending of knowledge and ideas, today’s world is much more convenient and harmonious than it was less than a century ago. Enhancement of society, which is done easiest through blending of people, also has to be stated. A country may be conservative and grow financially, but today development is a socio-economic affair. This means that societies and countries do not develop merely by increasing monetary wealth but must also grow through the improvement of their people, which is done through “curing people by people.” Detractors of such opinion say that we’re losing our cultural and national identities as more and more exotic ideas, values and customs are being domesticated. This perhaps does have a factual base since blending of cultures definitely modifies customs. But such modification can hardly be called loss. Identities are made of long time traditions, which were “grown” somewhere back in time, so the loss that some may blame population mixing for may not be a loss at all, but possibly be the process of taking up newer identities or augmenting the already cherished ones. It is foolish, therefore, to be critical of mixing of people and culture, at least in this way. Hence, I conclude that mixing of people and their cultures, despite its critics and occasional blemishes, is taking the whole world to a better place. 11.You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Present a written argument to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic: "It is noticeable that fast food consumption has increased substantially during the last 10 years. Discuss its impact on environment and health." Model Answer: Fast food has grown in the last decade thick and fast. A good part of mom’s kitchen has already succumbed to it. But this is taken sportingly as the fast food revolution has both advantages and disadvantages effective on personal and environmental health as do all other changes brought by industrialization and, more recently, globalization. As said before, fast food is growing thick and fast. It has been embraced by people all around the world fast, but it is thick in grease and artificial additives which already have been proven to have occasionally terminal effects. Fast food is a profit earning consumer product produced by the impersonal professionalism of the industry and not the personal favor of mothers or other traditionally familial culinary experts. This means fast food concerns itself primarily on how it will bring in more kudos, frequently bartering health and safety in exchange of financial prospects. There are environmentally harmful implications also resulting from the mass production of fowl and cattle, which are the staple items in most fast foods. On the other hand, fast food has helped lubricating the quick winding cogs of today’s industrial civilization. It provides nourishment to the innumerable contributors of modern economy who have little time to cease for the more time consuming domestic dining. Also, it has done so staying within the affordability of most men. Considering that, fast food is, at least, cost-effective, which is quite a complement in the contemporary perspective. Yes, again, this amenity has its draw backs too, mostly related to health of individuals, but the price to pay for this urban convenience has not yet been proven to be dear. Hence the unstopped growth of the fast food industry as we speak! There are few in this world that do not have a two-faced implication of chance. It is, therefore, acceptable that the use of fast food has substantial benefits while the abuse of it may be harmful. One must then conclude that fast foods are here to stay, but we should indulge in it with caution and concern for health. 14.You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Present a written argument to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic: "Some people prefer to help by making donations to local charities while some prefer to donate to national & international organizations. Discuss both measures and give your opinion." Model Answer: In the modern society charity has been institutionalized both locally and internationally. Through such organizations, helping our fellow citizens has become more convenient. Some make donations to local welfare bureaus and others to international organizations, like Red Cross. Both may be effective, but appeal to donors in varied ways. Locally originated charities always have the regional advantage. Being founded and usually run by native patrons and administrators, these charities relate to the local needs and hardships easily. So, for those who want to help the needy and distressed within their immediate surroundings, local aid groups may seem to be the more nimble option. But this inseparably has drawbacks also. Occurrences and accusations of irregularities have long plagued regional aid agencies. Also, they are limited in outreach. Anyone wanting to be more globally philanthropic will not be helped much by them. International aid agencies, like Red Cross, UNICEF, et al, on the other hand, have the universal edge. They operate in the war fields of Africa and shanties of India alike. So, they have the ability to transgress the goodwill of a local patron to world wide frontiers. But, being peregrine bodies themselves, sometimes international charities fail to relate and appeal to local people. Also, they may fail to perceive the intricate socio-economic ailments of a particularly exotic territory. This is no secret and often makes patrons uncomfortable. I have always believed that charities, both local and international, are effective and essential, and, thence, should coexist as viable options for all who care for humanity. Afflictions and catastrophes happen in different likes, and no single organization can be suitable to encounter all always. Situation, at times, demands the familial empathy of native charities, and, other times, wants the global expertise of international organizations. It is, therefore, wise to conclude that choosing the basis of charities while making donations is a subject that must be understood in context and will always vary according to the unfathomable turn of time. 15.You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Present a written argument to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic: "City Planners' new designs include setting up schools, markets, and commercial places (offices) in different areas of the city. Do you think it will help the city dwellers?" Model Answer: Cities all around the world are similar in terms of the cosmopolitan hum-bum, the abundant machinery, and the constant reshaping of landscapes. Planners, in recent times, have started setting up and relocating common places of public gathering, e.g. schools, shopping malls, and offices, out of the inner-city spheres for cascading the citizens over a wider and uncongested territory. I believe this, despite some inconvenience, is ultimately beneficial for city dwellers. Traffic, of humans and automobiles alike, haunt us in an otherwise unnatural urbanity, day and night. Cities, ailing of congestion, are hard up for air. We venture out every day, in the city streets, schools, offices, stores amidst millions others, on the prowl for sustenance, prosperity and indulgence. So we bump along, with or without harmony, like workers do in a termite colony, and that’s ok! But the problems rather are the clogs that halt our lives, in office going traffic and school going ques. But urban socio- economic does not allow us to stall, yet stall we must. This paradox is born of the centripetal convergence of establishments in cities and will remain until and unless cities are decentralized. Some recoil from the prospects of relocation of city establishments looking closed- mindedly at only the geographical distance. But reality moves over space that must be measured in respect to travel time also. Due to relocation of schools, shops, and so on, we may have to travel further, but, thanks to the evolution of modern transports, for shorter periods of time. Hence, relegation of places of communion to more strategically poised vicinities actually reduces the time-distance that the modern man is more concerned about. No development comes without compensation, and if sacrifice we must – to see better days, then accept we should – the extra mile that we have to stride on, for becoming a faster and more agile citizenry. 16.You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Give reasons for your answers and include any relevant examples from your experience. Write at least 250 words. You have been asked to write about the following topic: "Some people prefer to go to health clubs and gyms for health care, but some say that walking and climbing stairs are more effective. Discuss both and give your opinion." Model Answer: These days people are becoming more and more health conscious, more inclined to develop health through physical exercise. Many go to gymnasiums to work out using machineries, while others just maintain a physically active lifestyle walking and climbing stairs. Both ways are effective. Going to health clubs and gyms have become very popular lately. We, as humans, like to make occasions out of every prominent activity and distinguish physically locatable settings to observe such rituals. For example, we go to mosques, temples, churches to pray, highly decorated departmental stores for groceries, community centers to celebrate unions, restaurants to eat and lounges and cafés to hang out. And there are the overwhelmingly equipped bureaus for work. Going to gymnasiums to work out is, thus, a very consistent behavior. Apart from its spatial identity a health club has its intrinsic benefits also. The equipments and the guided environment there make exercising easier, and, hence, the recent popularity. Some, on the other hand, find it impractical to make the time and go to a separate place to have physical exercise, and are bent on maintaining health by being physically active, not being conveniently lazy. They walk over to shortly distant places, rather than hiring transports, and briskly climb the staircase sometimes avoiding the elevator. This, in itself, has great advantages too. It, firstly, saves the additional time and expenditure needed to go to gyms. And, since this, once habituated, is barely distinguishable as a separate activity, we persevere at it even without knowing. In my opinion, physical activity, integrated within the regular lifestyle is better than making a separate occasion out of it. Obviously, I am encouraged by the financial advantage of it. But, moreover, I believe in maintaining my health and hygiene in private, on my own, and within my everyday happenings. In sum, going to health clubs and having physical activities in regular life, are both popular and have their own effectiveness. I believe the choice between the two is a matter of personal taste and affordability rather than comparative advantage. 19.You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. You should write at least 250 words. Present a written argument to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic: "World history suggests that violence and and conflict were more evident under male leadership that under female leadership. So, for peace to prevail, female leadership can be considered as a better option that male leadership." Model Answer: The history of humans has been violence and conflict stricken since the beginning of time. As far as we can look back in time we see wars, power struggles and revolutions. We also see that society has always been predominantly male dominated, with leaders and rulers mainly being men. It is, hence, easy to blame the ruler and put the responsibility of atrocities on the shoulders of men. But a deeper perspective always reveals to historians that conflict is a generic tendency of humans. So peace being disturbed is not the liability of men only, but humans in general, and a power shift, from men to women, is destined to be futile in prevailing peace. Most of the women who are known to be great till date, e.g. Queen Isabella of Spain, Queens Marry, a.k.a. Bloody Marry, Victoria, and Elizabeth of Britain, all have ruled over vast spectrums of power. And they often have done so ruthlessly, achieving goals with an iron hand. They have waged wars that are barely comparable to only few of those devised by men. These women are not anomalies of history, but examples from numerous others, who went beyond the boundaries of gender in the path of prevailing in power while expending peace whenever they deemed it to be expendable. The two greatest wars of modern history, World Wars I & II, have taught us that wars are impersonal. Race, religion, nationality, sex are only pretense to the universally human lust for power. It is true that during both the global conflicts men were in the rulers’ thrones. But it will be foolish to say that Margaret Thatcher, the famed Iron Lady who spared no rod against a minnow enemy in the war of Falkland, would be more peacefully diplomatic than how the greats Winston Churchill and Franklyn D. Roosevelt had been tackling the Axis of Hitler. The gender issue is only a determinant in the battle of the sexes, not the battles among nations and peoples. It is therefore impertinent, if not irrational, to conclude that world conflicts result from the rule of a particular gender and the finer sex would do a better job at prevailing peace if selectively put at the helm of human nations 20.You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. You should write at least 250 words. Present a written argument to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic: "Cricket has become more popular than the national sports in the sub-continental countries ." What do you think are the reasons behind this? Model Answer: Cricket, traditionally an English sport, is becoming increasingly popular in other parts of the world. But the popularity of Willow-n-cherry is evidently the highest among the countries of the Indo-Pak sub-continent, for reasons that are historical, anthropological, geographical, and even commercial. The game of Cricket came to South-Asia in the hands of the English colonists centuries ago and has seeped into the hearts of the people here while the cricketers of here have won over the hearts of the English. This inter-continental love-affair perhaps has made the south-Asians elope with the Bat and Ball from their national and ethnical sports. Also, World Cup wins in the 80s and 90s, and phenomenal performers like Hanif Mohammed of the 50s and Sachin Tendulkar of late, all have made Cricket more psychologically ethnical than the native sports of this region. Mother Nature had her hand in it too. Some say south-Asians are natural cricketers. It has indeed been proven that the sub- continent players are more adaptive to the physiological demands of Cricket compared to how they get naturalized to other international sports e.g. Football, Basketball etc. Also, the climatic conditions here are relatively more suitable for playing cricket compared to the climates of many other parts of the globe. Not to forget, the virtually uncountable population of this region that continually fuels the ever-sprouting 11- member teams needed to stage only half of a Cricket game and supplies the hundreds of millions of spectators to cheer the players. Altogether, it is like a match made in heaven, “divine” enough to surpass any hereditary bond. Commerce plays its own amazingly profitable part too. Cricket enthusiasts of here have become the primary consumer base of many global enterprises who mass-charm the sub- continent customers through extravagantly sponsored tournaments. ICC, the governing body of world Cricket, also cajoles the people here because of their financial utility and cossets them from their sporting heredity. Regardless of where it came from, the most certain conclusion to be made here is that Cricket is to stay and sustain in the nourishment of the South-Asian pandemonium and will indefinitely reign over the people here like the God-sent hero who conquers not only the matter but also the nativity. 21.You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. You should write at least 250 words Present a written argument to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic: "Use of Machinery has increased and physical labour dropped at large." What are the positive and negative effects of the above phenomenon? Model Answer: With the advent of the 21st century, technology has leaped to a level that was unimaginable only even 50 years ago. It was not too long ago that computers took up the size of an entire room; now, however, we have PDA�s (Personal Digital Assistant) that we can fit comfortably in our pockets! This dramatic progress of technology has meant that many aspects of our lives are becoming automated and the necessity of physical labor is rapidly dwindling. This phenomenon has diverse effects, including both positive and negative ones. The increased use of machinery has many beneficial effects. Firstly, if a job is performed by any random person, the possibility of human error is quite high; whereas, all jobs performed by machines are going to be flawless assuming that they are programmed properly. Next, comes the differences of time- our most valuable asset. Naturally the same job performed by a particular person will not always take the same amount of time. Depending on his stamina, a person can complete a job quickly or move at a snails pace. On the other hand, the same job performed by a machine will always take the same amount of time and no inconsistencies will be seen. The decrease of usage of physical labor has some downsides as well. As machines take over tasks previously carried out by humans, unemployment rate will increase giving rise to poverty and even starvation for many families. Also, usage of machines for complicated jobs will mean that large sums of money will be required to setup these machines in the first place. This will undoubtedly create a strain on the overall economy of a particular country and this may lead to a decrease in the standard of living in the short run. Clearly, the increased use of machinery has some positive effects. However, we must remember where to draw the line so as to ensure that we do not have to suffer from its detrimental effects. 24.You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. You should write at least 250 words Present a written argument to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic: “Safety standards are important when building peoples’ homes. Who should be responsible for enforcing strict building codes – the government or the people who build the homes?” Use your own knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence. Model Answer: People or commercial constructors build homes for private dwelling or for commercial use- in all cases safety of dwelling is important. It is home maker’s or contractors responsibility to build houses complying with standard engineering requirements and building codes set by the respective governments. I believe that the government should always be there to strictly enforce building codes, and in case of non-compliance authorities should take punitive measures. Enforcement of law is government’s responsibility. Since non-compliance can not only cause hazards to the home-owners, but also to tenants and if in a cooperative or apartment, many co-owners may suffer. The building codes are regulatory requirements concerning safety and quality of the construction, use of space and others. For example, in an earthquake-prone area the buildings should not be very high and the design and structure must have higher earthquake resistance. Big houses and long buildings (i.e. academic departments, hotels and hostels) require dilatations every 15-20 meters so that in a heavy earthquake, only part of a building collapses, not the whole. More over the quality of the materials used in construction and electric wiring, and gas connection should pass minimum safety standards. Adequate entry-exit facilities, and emergency exists, fire extinguisher are also very important is establishments like factories, hall rooms, discos, party centers. In cases of wooden house, wood must be coated with fire-resistant paint. In large apartments, office buildings, hall rooms and lobbies of hotels, fire-barriers made of rubber and steel are used to prevent spreading of fire. Similarly, in areas of frequent hailstorm, skylights must not be used, and if so, must be protected by steel shutters. Many constructors often tend to ignore the minimum safety requirements to minimize costs which jeopardize people’s life. Many private homemakers do not know details of these standards and precautions. It is the responsibility of the government to disseminate such essential knowledge and monitor the compliance of builders, developers and makers of houses. However, the builders cannot avoid their responsibility anyway. In conclusion, as in modern world, the government is ultimately responsible for its entire citizen’s safely and good life, its governments responsibility to enforce strict building code. If the negligence of the government’s agencies jeopardize people’s life, government will be held responsible. 25.You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. You should write at least 250 words Present a written argument to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic: “Should criminals be punished with lengthy jail terms of re-educated and rehabilitated using, for instance, community service programs.” Use your own knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence. Model Answer: Crime is a social vice yet societies have been dealing with this throughout the history of societies. The ways in which legal system deals with those who break the law has long been a contentious programs, as well as notions of just and adequate punishment. There are many people who question both the principles behind, and the effectiveness of programs that seek to re-educate criminals before they are re-introduced to society. It is my opinion that even assuming limited effectiveness, these programs are socially and practically valuable. Criminologists, based on criminal profiling, broadly categorize two types of offenders. The first category offenders are those who have repeated causes of breaking the law. So releasing this type of criminals is in a sense releasing the identified social dangers with high propensity to relapse-back to their old habits. Rehabilitation efforts have a high rate of frailer in case of this type of criminals. The second category is circumstantial offenders where the offender is mentally healthy and not prone to crime, yet the crime happens due to circumstantial influences. In the second cases, rehabilitation programs work better and many argue that longer jail terms are not a good idea at all for this group of offender. Arguments against rehabilitation are often based on two points. Firstly, opponents question the effectiveness of such program. Given the great expense rehabilitation programmer incur on the taxpayers, they are not effective enough in preventing repeat offences. Secondly, it is unfair and against social justice that criminals receive expensive education programs at public money. The opponents maintain that the offenders should be given exemplary punishment with long jail sentences instead. However, neither of the opinions has absolute suitability over other. Though it is true that rehabilitation programs are often not effective and that upon release some inmates quickly re-offend and it does seem unfair that criminals receive taxpayer financed education programs, it is society’s best interests to gradually re- integrate offenders safely to society. Moreover, punishing criminals with long jail terms creates a “them and us” society by establishing and reinforcing a criminal community within prisons. However, it cannot be denied that having a rehabilitation program is more effective than not having one at all, and that at least it offers prisoners more options when they are released. More importantly, long time inmates often report that they repeat offence from the above discussion that crime should really be seen as a social problem and criminals as members of society who need help to fit in. As such, locking these members of society up in jails for long periods of time is not the best way to help make these adjustments, and moreover neither is it a cost efficient way of dealing with these members of society up in jails for long periods of time is not the best way to help make these adjustments, and this was the recent construction, in Western Australia, of the Biblemum Trail, a 600km hiking rack with facilities all along the way. During this construction project inmates received instruction in various different areas of the building trade, including workplace integration and deadline responsibilities. Finally, though rehabilitation programs use up public money, longer jail terms would entail even greater costs. However, now a day many rehabilitation programs use up public money, longer jail terms would entail even greater costs. However, now a day many rehabilitation programs offer opportunity to make up some of these costs. Prisoners can be put to work in community service projects, which both provide the prisoners with valuable training, public with much needed services. 26.You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. You should write at least 250 words Present a written argument to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic: “Many office authorities impose restriction on smoking within the offices premises. Some governments have even banned smoking in all public places. This is a good idea but it takes away some of our freedom.” What are your opinions on this? Use your own knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence. Model Answer: There is no denial that cigarette smoking is harmful and smoking as a habit has been on a decline all over the world, particularly among the aware and health conscious populace. Cigarette smoking has two major effects on non-smokers-injurious passive smoking and smoking display that has an invitational or persuasive effect on non-smokers. I believe banning smoking in public places and offices not only will discourage smoking, but will also keep the smoking practice out of site, though it might apparently look like transgress into smoker’s freedom. There are several reasons that government and private authorities are being strict5 on smoking in offices and even public places. Firstly, this is an accepted fact that smoking is injurious to health. Secondly, smoking causes health hazard to non-smokers who inhale smoke passively from the smokers. Thirdly, smoking has a strong psychologically influence on others, particularly on children and young who learns form their elderly. Fourthly, in many countries the cost of health care and insurance has gone up due to smoking related illnesses. So health authorities and governments are trying to poultry are taken good care because of their economic value. Many organizations and activists strive to save wildlife and protect their habitat from human disturbance. There is a worldwide awareness about the conservation of animals and their habitat. Special programs are being taken for endangered animals. So we can say that its no that we are only interested to cause harm to animals, we also are quite aware of their interest. In conclusion, we can say that If we want to introduce new food items, drugs, or any such thing, we have to get them tested, preferably on test animals, before you apply them on human beings. We don’t have any other option other than testing the developments in the biological sciences on animals. If there is any life-less alternative available, presumably scientist will prefer to test on inanimate things, given that both alternatives are producing same reliable results. We should bear in mind that not all the test animals suffer from effects; often the outcome is harmless to the animal. 29.You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. You should write at least 250 words Present a written argument to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic: “The development of science and technology has been accompanied by a decline in traditional culture. Do you think that this has a negative impact on our life?” Use your own knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence. Model Answer: Technology has progressed very rapidly over the years. Modern technology has definitely made our life convenient with its amenities. Technology has had a profound effect on our lifestyle and culture. Modern technology has changed many things in our lives. Modern technology has changed our way of thinking about what to expect from life. Technology has a profound effect on our culture, values, beliefs and lifestyle. Modern technology has changed the way we think, move, live and enjoy. Development of science and technology has been accompanied by a decline in traditional culture. In my opinion, this is not necessarily a negative change, because societies change over time and so do cultural practices. It’s the technology that helped the society to change fast and for the better in most cases. In the first place, science and technology have cleared up many phenomena that were mysterious to us in the past. As a result, large number of harmful superstitions have disappeared, and nobody regrets their passing. For instance, we now know that thunder and lightning are not caused by gods being angry, but are normal natural phenomena. In the second place, our everyday lives have been made more convenient by scientific and technological inventions such as trains, airplanes and computers. Nowadays electric lights have replaced the traditional oil lamps, and computers enable us to make quicker and more accurate calculations. The television brings the family together in the evening. In third place, science and technology actually help to preserve the useful and pleasant parts of traditional culture. Technology has enabled us to invent many new techniques to preserve historical artifacts. Therefore, for the above reasons, I welcome the development of science and technology. Advances in science and technology have brought us many benefits. At the same time, they have eliminated the bad parts of traditional culture while preserving the good parts. 30.You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. You should write at least 250 words Present a written argument to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic: “Men do most high level jobs. Should the government encourage a certain percentage of to be reserved for women?” Use your own knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence. Model Answer: Equality for both man and women is the accepted underpinning philosophy of modern society that we live in. Most constitutions maintain equal right for men and women. Most public institutions and formal organizations hold equal view in treating either sex. Despite the fact that male high officials outnumber female high officials by a great margin, in most countries there is no legal or statutory bar against women going up in the ladder. I am against any kind of positive bias towards women in the form of reserving percentage of higher positions for women. That will only encourage anomaly, imperfection in practices and most importantly it is not going to serve the ultimate goal of escalating women’s positions in society of economy, unless they earn that by themselves rightfully. In the bygone days women were primarily engaged in household responsibilities. Women’s involvement in economic, organizational and public activities is not a very old practice. But in the recent decades things have changed dramatically and many women in the west are going to the top in career and profession. Even in the third world countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America, presence of working women are every where, competing with the male counterparts and even surpassing them in many aspects. They are acquiring the necessary education, gaining proper knowledge abut their rights and are in the process of being recognized as organizationally as valuable contributors. In Bangladesh, in many instances girls toppled in open public examinations, and their success rate is generally higher than man. Women are earning professional reputation in their job places as well. Against this backdrop, there is no reason that government should go for reserving positions for women. Instead government should take initiatives to eradicate any bias against women and make favorable work environment for women. Firstly, governments can ensure women’s access to education and thus empower them and make them prepared for life as in many societies women lack education and empowerment. Secondly, women suffer from gender discrimination, chauvinistic behavior and worse even, sexual harassment in work places. Governments should have clear and strict policies to ensure an environment where workers from both sexes coexist with ease. Thirdly, women should be entitled to have special conduct during motherhood. Due to the very role of a woman in family, supports form the workplace are important for working women. Women and man both should be viewed as equally capable. If we look over our shoulder, we can see that the number of eligible, skilled and executive-class working women is actually increasing quickly in recent years. Govt. should no go for reserving a certain percentage of high level jobs to be for women. That will only undermine women’s ability and women will grossly find that their self-respect is on decline. They can find their own way towards the prosperous carriers by the dints of their own virtue and efforts. 31.You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. You should write at least 250 words Present a written argument to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic: “Do you support the use of nuclear technology to be used for constructive purposes?” Use your own knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence. Model Answer: Many people are afraid of nuclear technology because of the dangers associated with its use. And belligerent leaders and terrorists may cause great human disaster by the use of nuclear weapons of mass-destruction. Though it is true that nuclear weapons pose the greatest threat to life, I personally support the use of nuclear technology for constructive purposes can bring human benefit. The most worrying aspect of nuclear technology is its use for military purposes by many high and mighty countries. Enough atomic bombs have already been made which are capable of completely destroying the planet. An increasing number of countries now have nuclear weapon or have the technology required to make such bombs, and there is an ongoing debate about how to control the threat of nuclear weapon. After the fall of Russia, many Russian scientists have found their nuclear technology expertise is in high demand in countries that have an ambition with nuclear technology. Many believe that,