Giddens Urbanism - Introduction Sociology - Lecture Slides, Slides of Introduction to Sociology

Download Giddens Urbanism - Introduction Sociology - Lecture Slides and more Slides Introduction to Sociology in PDF only on Docsity! Society: Interactions Groups and Organizations 5 c h a p t e r docsity.com We spend our lives both trying to fit in and trying to stand out. Sociology is interested in how we decide and how we go about both. docsity.com The Social Construction of Reality FIGURE 3.1 Cooley's Looking-Glass Self docsity.com The Social Construction of Reality – “I” and “me” (Mead) • Goffman and the “Dramaturgical” Self – presentation of self to others – impression management – dramaturgy – face work docsity.com The Social Construction of Reality • Nonverbal Communication – body movements – gestures – facial expressions – placement in relation to others – laughter • Verbal Communication – ethnomethodology • “conversational shortcuts” docsity.com Groups – group • formal or informal – dyad – crowd – group cohesion • Groups and Identity docsity.com Groups • Types of Groups – Primary and Secondary • expressive and instrumental – In-Groups and Out-Groups • in-group heterogeneity • out-group homogeneity – Reference Groups – Cliques “ . . . when in-groups and out-groups are divided on the basis of race, nationality, gender or other ascribed status, relations become more severe and violent” docsity.com Groups • Group Dynamics – size matters • leader • hardcore members – Conformity – Diffusion of responsibility – Stereotyping → prejudice docsity.com FIGURE 2-3 A normal distribution of a trait within a population. lf the population is small, a few individuals are at each of the extremes, but if itis large, as in a city, many are at the extremes. Many Few Low Average High [one [the other & extreme] extreme] docsity.com Networks and Mental Health • Leo Srole (1980) – Mental Health in New York • City life does not produce mental illness • urban mental health is better than rural • social networks • Mark Granovetter (1973) – The Strength of Weak Ties • primary • secondary • acquaintences docsity.com Organizations – organizations • size • purpose • efficiency • Types of Organizations – Normative Organizations – Coercive Organizations • total institutions – Utilitarian Organizations docsity.com Organizations • Problems with Bureaucracy – Overspecialization – Rigidity and inertia – Ritualism – Suppression of dissent – The bureaucratic “Catch-22” docsity.com Organizations – bureaucratic personality – Bureaucracy and Accountability – Bureaucracy and Democracy – The “Iron Cage” of Bureaucracy • Globalization and Organizations • Groups ‘R’ Us: Groups and Interactions in the 21st Century docsity.com