GIS Final Exam Questions and Answers (Latest Update 2023) Verified Answers (71 Questions), Exams of Nursing

Download GIS Final Exam Questions and Answers (Latest Update 2023) Verified Answers (71 Questions) and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! GIS Final Exam Questions and Answers (Latest Update 2023) Verified Answers (71 Questions) Define GIS and distinguish it from GPS. - Correct Answer ✅GIS is a Geographic Information System. GIS is a tool for mapmaking, data analysis, modeling future scenarios, and managing spatial information. GPS is a Global Positioning System which is more of a navigation system. It provides a geolocation and time information. What makes GIS distinct from other information systems? - Correct Answer ✅GIS is specialized information system that handles geographic data. Uses spatial locations and nonspatial attributes. Define GIScience and distinguish it from GIS (systems). - Correct Answer ✅GIScience is a scientific discipline for studying data structures and computational techniques to (represent, capture, analyze and, process) spatial information. Meanwhile, GIS is a specialized information system that handles geographic data. What are the six main components of GIS? - Correct Answer ✅1. Data 2. Hardware 3. Software 4. Procedures GIS Final Exam Questions and Answers (Latest Update 2023) Verified Answers (71 Questions) 5. People 6. Network What is the difference between nominal, ordinal, and interval/ratio data? - Correct Answer ✅Nominal: Name landuse Ordinal: Ranking discrete categories Ratio: discrete # Interval: what scale of measurement is more important What is the spaghetti data model for vector data? - Correct Answer ✅Used in early gis when focus was on getting paper maps into computers- not on spatial analysis. Overlapping lines are recorded separately from one another - no explicit connection is forces or stored in the database. Unstructured like spaghetti strings. Results in inability to represent movement along networks. Define topology and distinguish it from topography. - Correct Answer ✅Topology: mathematical study of geometric relationships that hold true even when an object or network is transformed (rotated, translated, bent) Topography: a detailed description or representation on a map of the natural and artificial features of an area. GIS Final Exam Questions and Answers (Latest Update 2023) Verified Answers (71 Questions) Someone gives you a text file of lat/long data that is supposed to be a map of wood turtle locations in Keene. You open a blank map document and use the 'Add XY data' tool to plot the locations, but they all end up in the Eastern Hemisphere, in Kazakhstan. Explain exactly why this happened, and why they appear to be located there. - Correct Answer ✅The "Add XY data" tool is set to use the Prime Meridian instead of the ..... Invisible line the I think is 30,000 miles away to the west. What is the difference between a relational and non-relational database? - Correct Answer ✅Relational: relationships between data (linking data). Non-relational: Only one data. What is the difference between Candidate, Primary and Super Key? - Correct Answer ✅Candidate: One or more fields meet certain requirements. Primary: Candidate used to join. Super Key: identifies everything in the database. What are the three most common ways to create new GIS data? (i.e. to get data - Correct Answer ✅Digitizing, Scanning & Digital photogrammetric or GIS Final Exam Questions and Answers (Latest Update 2023) Verified Answers (71 Questions) GPS, Hardcopy and Digital Distinguish large scale from small scale, convert verbal scales to ratio scales. - Correct Answer ✅Large scale means that there is data over a small area of space. Small scale data is data over a large area of space. Verbal scales would be like 1 inch equals 1 mile the verbal scale gives you the units. A ratio would be something like 1 to 10,000 regardless of units. Identify and describe at least four ways that features can be generalized on a map. - Correct Answer ✅Truth: The way it actually is Fused: Close polygons fused together Simplify: polygons details simplified Displacement: Displacement can be employed when 2 objects are so close to each other that they would overlap at smaller scales. What are three resampling approaches for raster data? Be able to explain these. - Correct Answer ✅Nearest Neighbor: Fastest method Billinear: determines the new value of a cell based on a weighted distance average of the four nearest input cell centers GIS Final Exam Questions and Answers (Latest Update 2023) Verified Answers (71 Questions) Cubic: Determines value based on the value of the nearest 16 cells. Takes the longest What are metadata and why are they so important? - Correct Answer ✅Metadata is information about spatial data and it is responsible for organizing spatial data. What is map registration? How do ground control points support registration? - Correct Answer ✅Before you can start digitizing, you must register your paper map into real-world coordinates. This allows you to digitize features directly in geographic space. Always register your map at the start of each digitizing session, even if this means registering the same map more than once. What is GNSS? - Correct Answer ✅Global Navigation Satellite System What is the US NAVSTAR system? Is this the only GNSS in the world? Who else has GNSS? - Correct Answer ✅The United States' GPS is NAVSTAR (Navigation System with Time and Ranging). Other countries also have GPS. Russia has GLONASS. India has IRNSS. Japan has QZSS. The EU has Galileo and China has BeiDou. GIS Final Exam Questions and Answers (Latest Update 2023) Verified Answers (71 Questions) How does Spatial Join differ from Union and Intersect? Give an example of when you would need to use spatial join (when no other option is available). - Correct Answer ✅Aligns with natural breaks in the data What is the difference between natural breaks, quantile and equal interval classification? - Correct Answer ✅Natural Breaks: Aligns with natural breaks in the data Quantile: Every class has same # of members Equal Interval: Class rangesare same Give a specific example of how you would use map algebra to find suitable habitats for an animal. - Correct Answer ✅Map algebra: the cell by cell combination of raster data layers. Neighborhood could be defined as specific number of cells, or animal only strays so far from water source and food source Local is one cell. Is slope a local or neighborhood calculation? - Correct Answer ✅Local operations have a uniform input area. Specifies particular dimension. GIS Final Exam Questions and Answers (Latest Update 2023) Verified Answers (71 Questions) Neighborhood operations may be defined as a specific cell, and its eight surrounding cells. Slope could be either but likely local. Once determined local can be neighborhood. How would the Range tool be used to calculate relief? - Correct Answer ✅ Explain how a friction surface (cost distance) works, including what impedance values are used for. - Correct Answer ✅-Distance weighed, and in case of nuclear disaster, porosity of the soils is indicated. -Cost surface contains the minimum cost of researching cells in a layer from one or more source cells. -Cost surface contains the minimum cost of reaching cells in a layer from one or more source cells. -Friction surface has cell values representing the cost per unit travel distance for crossing each cell. Represent areas with variable travel costs. -Impedance values are the measure of resistance produced by the friction surface or cost distance. GIS Final Exam Questions and Answers (Latest Update 2023) Verified Answers (71 Questions) What is a moving window and how does it work? - Correct Answer ✅It is recalculated the range, nugget, and partial sill semivariogram parameters based on a smaller neighborhood. What common DEM calculations use a moving window? - Correct Answer ✅Neighborhood operations most often depend on a moving window- Window being a configuration of raster cells used to specify the input values for an operation. How do you calculate areas using raster data? - Correct Answer ✅By using the resolution and then count of raster data. How do you calculate area using vector data? (same question as #9 under ArcGIS below). - Correct Answer ✅Add a new field into the attribute table. In this new area field you have to make the field Numeric. Once this is done then you can right click on the newly made field and select "calculate geometry" and you can change the units that you want the output to be (i.e. feet, meters, miles, inches) GIS Final Exam Questions and Answers (Latest Update 2023) Verified Answers (71 Questions) Explain IDW: what is it used for? How does it work? How do you calculate an output value? What are the settings and what does each do: radius; number of points; cell size? - Correct Answer ✅Inverse Distance Weighted: It reduces the contribution of distant points, three to all of the points could be used in each calculation, the further the point from the interpolated cell the less weight it contributes to the calculated value at that point cell Explain what is meant by a cartographic model. - Correct Answer ✅Cartographic modeling is combining layers of GIS data to identify areas suitable to particular activities. Ex. Habitat modeling-combining environment layers that represent limiting factors of species that would live in a certain area. When weighting information in a model, how does ranking within criteria differ from amongcriteria. - Correct Answer ✅When weighting information in a model Within criteria-means some features within a layer may be given greater weight, ex. Pure sand weighted higher than sandy mixes, in say looking for turtle habitats. Can be based on range of inputs, or continuous scale. GIS Final Exam Questions and Answers (Latest Update 2023) Verified Answers (71 Questions) Can be based on scales that vary with distance rather than linear scales. Ex. Distance to roads, in order to find a spot safe and quiet but still accessible, or not too far away from the road. Among criteria-means some layers can be given greater weight when combined. How does ModelBuilder support cartographic modeling in ArcGIS? Explain how it works, and why you would use it. - Correct Answer ✅It provides a visual representation of the steps you take to create a map projection Why is it difficult to create legible maps of very small polygons in GIS and what is one solution? - Correct Answer ✅Because if you have tons of small polygons that mean different things a map would look quite clustered. A solution could be to map different maps containing the different things you were trying to map How does the 'Define Projection' tool differ from 'Feature->Project'? - Correct Answer ✅"Define Projection" in ArcGIS is what you use when the data has no defined coordinate system. The ArcGIS error message would look like: "Unknown Spatial Reference". GIS Final Exam Questions and Answers (Latest Update 2023) Verified Answers (71 Questions) Why is it better to use ArcCatalog to move and rename files than to use Windows? - Correct Answer ✅Because there are three parts to any arcGIS file making them hard to keep track of if not inside of ArcCatalog How do you create new coordinate data (shapes) in ArcGIS? - Correct Answer ✅You right click on the "add more data" under the table of contents or Export data What is the Extract by Mask tool used for? - Correct Answer ✅Extracts the cells of a raster that correspond to the areas defined by a mask. What is the difference between an integer field and a double field in the Attribute Table? - Correct Answer ✅Integer: no decimal included Double field: decimal included What type of field would you need to enter business names in an Attribute Table? - Correct Answer ✅Text field.