Salivary Glands & Digestive System: Anatomy, Physiology, Swallowing, Digestion, Ulcers - P, Study notes of Biology

Download Salivary Glands & Digestive System: Anatomy, Physiology, Swallowing, Digestion, Ulcers - P and more Study notes Biology in PDF only on Docsity! Salivary Glands 1. Saliva a. Lubricating mucous (glycoprotein) to facilitate swallowing 2. Salivary Amylase a. To start carbohydrate digestion b. Starches  sugars glucose Exocrine Glands  Glands that produce a product that is secreted through a channel or duct  Proteins, enzymes, etc. are excreted from a gland through a duct  Located at front of ear and bend of your jaw Endocrine Glands  Usually talked about with hormones  Proteins, hormones, etc are released directly into the bloodstream  Ductless… do not have a channel  Generally release directly into capillaries or bloodstream The Act of Swallowing -very complex -under smooth muscle control (cannot stop a mouthful of food half way down) Epiglotis Flap that closes over the windpipe that allows us to swallow without getting food in our lungs You cannot swallow and eat at the same time BUT babies can breathe and swallow at the same time INFANT Epiglottis “high” in throat Permits breathing and swallowing at the same time As we grow, the position of the epiglottis retreats (no longer above the soft palette) Esophogous -10 inches long -not by gravity that food gets into our stomach -once food moves into, its forced down by muscular force. We call this action… PERISTALSIS Peristalsis -ESOPHOGial pushing of food Reverse Peristalsis  Throw up  Getting rid of something that is toxic, i.e. (alcohol, bad food)  Powerful muscular force Digestion is EXTRA-CELLULAR Meaning that we actually digest things outside of cells, BUT inside the digestive system That’s why gunshots are so disruptive. Spills external environment into internal environment Starch is broken down into sugars that continues down to small intestine and stomach We break down fats in fatty acids and glycerol, THAT’S what we absorb Think of it as a conveyor belt Esophagus…. Stomach… small intestine… large intestine Mucosa and Hydrochloric Acid Pepsin Protein digestion begins in the stomach, with the addition of a very caustic acid and Pepsin Stomach also produces MUCUS  Like saliva, but much more effective.  Mucus is what protects the stomach from the acid. Ulcer -can eat all the way through the stomach (perforated ulcer) -bleeding -caused by bacterium called Heliovacter Pylori -stress is a big factor -can treat them with antibiotic therapy Enzyme produced by the cells to produce Pepsinogen Endopeptilase Break down proteins into large pieces Break internal protein bonds