Global Inequality and Poverty: An Analysis of World Stratification, Slides of Sociology

Download Global Inequality and Poverty: An Analysis of World Stratification and more Slides Sociology in PDF only on Docsity! Global Stratification Chapter 8 docsity.com Questions for you… • In which country were you born? • How do you think your life has been influenced by the country in which you live? Consider access to educational and employment opportunities in your answer. • Have you ever wondered how your life would have been if you were born and lived in a different country? • How do you think people’s life chances and social realities are affected by industrialization? docsity.com Chapter Outline (con’t) • Global Poverty and Human Development Issues • Theories of Global Inequality • Global Inequality in the Future docsity.com How Much Do You Know About Global Wealth and Poverty? • True or False? – The assets of the 200 richest people are more than the combined income of over 40 percent of the world’s population. docsity.com How Much Do You Know About Global Wealth and Poverty? • True. – Assets of the 200 richest people are more than the combined income of 41 percent of the world’s population. docsity.com Global Stratification • The unequal distribution of wealth, power, and prestige on a global basis, resulting in people having vastly different lifestyles and life chances both within and among the nations of the world. docsity.com High-income Countries • Characterized by highly industrialized economies; technologically advanced industrial, administrative, and service occupations; and high levels of national and per capita income. docsity.com Middle-income Countries • Nations with industrializing economies, particularly in urban areas, and moderate levels of national and personal income. docsity.com The “Three Worlds” Approach • First World nations were said to consist of the rich, industrialized nations that primarily had capitalist economic systems and democratic political systems. • Second World nations were said to be countries with at least a moderate level of economic development and a moderate standard of living. • Third World countries have little or no industrialization and the lowest standards of living, shortest life expectancies, and highest rates of mortality. docsity.com Levels of Development Approach • Among the most controversial terminology for describing world poverty and global stratification. • Terminology based on levels of development includes concepts such as developed nations, developing nations, less developed nations, and underdevelopment. docsity.com World Bank Classification of Economies by Income • The World Bank classifies nations into three economic categories: – low-income economies (a GNI per capita of $935 or less in 2003) – middle-income economies (a GNI per capita between $936 and $11,455 in 2007) – high-income economies (a GNI per capita of more than $11,456 in 2007). docsity.com Global Poverty • Absolute poverty would be measured by comparing personal or household income or expenses with the cost of buying a given quantity of goods and services. • Relative poverty exists when people may be able to afford basic necessities but are still unable to maintain an average standard of living. • Subjective poverty would be measured by comparing the actual income against the income earner’s expectations and perceptions. docsity.com Dimensions of Defining Levels of Poverty 1. How many people are poor. 2. How far below the poverty line people’s incomes fall. 3. How long they have been poor (is the poverty temporary or long term?). docsity.com Gini Coefficeient • A measure of income inequality which ranges from zero (meaning that everyone has the same income) to 100 (one person receives all the income). • Using this measure, the World Bank concluded that inequality has increased in nations such as Bulgaria, the Baltic countries, and the Slavic countries of the former Soviet Union to levels similar to those in less-equal industrial market economies, such as the United States. docsity.com Per Capita Gross Domestic Product in U.S. Dollars Latin America [ $9,051 Middle East and North Africa TI $7,760 East Asia and the Pacific [| $5,110 South Asia TI $2,671 Sub-Saharan Africa fi $1,873 c. Per capita gross domestic product in U.S. dollars, 2006 docsity.com Modernization Theory Low-income, less developed countries can move to middle- and high-income economies by achieving self- sustained economic growth. docsity.com Dependency Theory Poor nations are trapped in a cycle of dependency on richer nations. docsity.com Maquiladora Plants 2. The parts are shipped duty (tax) free to a factory in Mexico, where they are assembled into a finished product. MEXICO (c)2012 Cengage Learning docsity.com Quick Quiz docsity.com 1. The income gap between the richest and the poorest 20 percent of the world population ____. – A. is greater in urban than in rural areas – B. has significantly decreased – C. is beginning to decline – D. continues to widen docsity.com Answer: C • Some analysts in developed nations have begun to link growing social and economic inequality on a global basis to relatively high rates of population growth, taking place in the underdeveloped nations. docsity.com 3. The unequal distribution of wealth, power, and prestige on a global basis is referred to as: A. global shift B. global inequality C. global stratification D. global mobility docsity.com Answer: C • The unequal distribution of wealth, power, and prestige on a global basis is referred to as global stratification. docsity.com 5. World Systems Theory suggests that what exists under capitalism is a truly global system that is held together by economic ties. A. True. B. False. docsity.com Answer: A • World Systems Theory suggests that what exists under capitalism is a truly global system that is held together by economic ties. docsity.com 6. What type of poverty involves a lack of resources that is life threatening? – A. Absolute – B. Relative – C. Symbolic – D. Working docsity.com