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Taxes on Goods and Services: Advantages, Types, Design Issues, and Solutions, Slides of Management Fundamentals

The advantages, types, design issues, and solutions related to taxes on goods and services. Topics such as broad tax bases, revenue diversification, selective and ad valorem taxes, multi-stage taxes, and value-added tax (vat). The document also explores design issues like price increases, integrated firms, taxing services, commodity exemptions, use taxes, and remote vendors.

Typology: Slides

2012/2013

Uploaded on 07/26/2013

devnarayan
devnarayan 🇮🇳

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Download Taxes on Goods and Services: Advantages, Types, Design Issues, and Solutions and more Slides Management Fundamentals in PDF only on Docsity! PA 546 Constantine Hadjilambrinos Taxes on Goods and Services Docsity.com Advantages  • Can have a broad base—significant source of  revenue  • Can diversify the tax base—minimizes efficiency and  equity problems  • Can extract payments from individuals with high  economic capacity regardless of current income  • Can be used on specific goods and services to  internalize externalities  • Possibly enhance economic efficiency—levied on  what consumers take from the economy rather than  what they contribute to it.  • Encourage saving and investment  PA 546 Constantine Hadjilambrinos Docsity.com PA 546 Constantine Hadjilambrinos Some design issues  • Integrated firms may be advantaged by multi‐ stage taxes: fewer embedded tax costs  Should producer purchases be excluded from tax?    If not:  Tax will not be transparent to ultimate payers  Tax will raise cost of goods and services more than the  revenue it will produce  Tax will affect different goods/services differently and  will change economic behavior      Docsity.com Solutions  • Direct‐use rule:    Anything used directly in  production is excluded.  PA 546 Constantine Hadjilambrinos  Component part rule: Producer purchases that become part of products are exempt. Docsity.com Taxation of services  Most states only tax a few services—This can be  a problem in a service economy.  • Need to make distinction between “retail”  services and worker        employer  relationships  • Need to avoid taxing services delivered almost  exclusively to businesses  • Social policy considerations may make it best  to avoid taxing medical, legal, etc. services  PA 546 Constantine Hadjilambrinos Docsity.com Remote Vendors  Vendors are the collectors of sales tax for the  state.  What about purchases from out‐of‐ state vendors?  • Purchases from a local storefront.  State can  compel vendor to collect tax.  • Purchases from a remote vendor with  physical presence in the state.  State can  compel vendor to collect tax.  • Purchases from a remote vendor without  physical presence.  State cannot compel  vendor to collect tax.  PA 546 Constantine Hadjilambrinos Docsity.com Value‐Added Tax (VAT)  VAT taxes every incremental increase in value in  each step of the production‐distribution  process.  At each step, each business pays tax on its sales,  but subtracts tax it paid to its vendors.  VAT exemptions—Relieve seller from collecting  VAT on sales, but not from paying VAT on  purchases.  Businesses, if exempt, cannot  recover VAT paid.    PA 546 Constantine Hadjilambrinos Docsity.com Advantages of VAT  • Combats tax evasion & lack of vendor  cooperation in sales tax collection.  • Collects tax from products imported, removes  it from products exported.  • VAT provides more complete exclusion of  business purchases than retail sales tax.  PA 546 Constantine Hadjilambrinos Docsity.com
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