GRADE 11 PHYSICAL EDUCATION EXAM REVIEWER, Study notes of Physical education

Download GRADE 11 PHYSICAL EDUCATION EXAM REVIEWER and more Study notes Physical education in PDF only on Docsity! BASKETBALL NATURE OF BASKETBALL Basketball is a team sport, wherein the objective is to shoot a ball through a basket horizontally positioned to score points while following a set of rules. What is Basketball? Basketball is a team sport played by two teams of five players on a rectangular court. The objective is to shoot a ball through a hoop 18 inches (46 cm) in diameter and mounted at a height of 10 feet (3.048 m) to backboards at each end of the court. The game was invented in 1891 by Dr. James Naismith, who would be the first basketball coach of the Kansas Jayhawks, one of the most successful programs in the game's history. James Naismith (November 6, 1861 – November 28, 1939) was a Canadian American physical educator, physician, chaplain, sports coach, and innovator. 13 Original Rules 1. The ball may be thrown in any direction with one or both hands. 2. The ball may be batted in any direction with one or both hands (never with the fist.) 3. A player cannot run with the ball. The player must throw it from the spot on which he catches it, an allowance to be made for a man who catches the ball when running at a good speed if he tries to stop. 4. The ball must be held in or between the hands; the arms or body must not be used for holding. 5. No shouldering, holding, pushing, tripping, or striking in any way the person of an opponent shall be allowed; the first infringement of this rule by any player shall count as a foul, the second shall disqualify him until the next goal is made, or, if there was evident intent to injure the person, for the whole of the game, no substitute allowed. 6. A foul is striking at the ball with the fist, violation of Rules 3, 4, and such as described in Rule 5. 7. If either side makes three consecutive fouls, it shall count a goal for the opponents (consecutive means without the opponents in the meantime making a foul. 8. A goal shall be made when the ball is thrown or batted from the grounds into the basket and stays there, providing those defending the goal do not touch or disturb the goal. If the ball rests on the edges, and the opponent moves the basket, it shall count as a goal. 9. When the ball goes out of bounds, it shall be thrown into the field of play by the person first touching it. In case of a dispute, the umpire shall throw it straight into the field. The thrower-in is allowed five seconds; if he holds it longer, it shall go to the opponent. If any side persists in delaying the game, the umpire shall call a foul on that side. 10. The umpire shall be the judge of the men and shall note the fouls and notify the referee when three consecutive fouls have been made. He shall have power to disqualify men according to Rule 5. 11. The referee shall be the judge of the ball and shall decide when the ball is in play, in bounds, to which side it belongs, and shall keep the time. He shall decide when a goal has been made and keep account of the goals with any other duties that are usually performed by a referee. 12. The time shall be two 15-minute halves, with five minutes’ rest between. Comment: Game formats including length and the number of periods played along with halftime periods vary according to level. 13. The side making the most goals in that time shall be declared the winner. In case of a draw, the game may, by agreement of the captains, be continued until another goal is made. The First Ball The very first ball that was used was a soccer ball until 1840 when an actual “basketball” was invented. The basketball was slightly smaller, about thirty inches in diameter. The Basket The first baskets that were used were two peach baskets that were hung from the balcony of the gym by 1906, the peach baskets were replaced by metal baskets with holes in the bottom. In 1913, a hoop with a net was invented so the basketball could fall freely to the ground. VOLLEYBALL - Volleyball is a team sport in which two teams of six (6) players are separated by a net. FIVB (International Federation of Volleyball) - Highest governing body of the sport was founded in Paris, France in 1947. - Its headquarters are located in Lausanne, Switzerland and its current president is Ary Graça. HISTORY - A physical education director in the YMCA in Holyoke, Massachusetts, USA. - Created on the 9th of February, 1895. It was called Mintonette. The sport was officially included in the program for the 1964 Summer Olympics. - Traits of the game: Borrowed from tennis and handball. THE FIRST RULES (written down by W. G. Morgan) 1. Net - 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m) high 2. Court - 25×50 ft (7.6×15.2 m) 3. Players - any number of players. 4. Match - composed of nine innings with three serves for each team in each inning 5. Ball contacts - no limit. 6. Serving error - a second try was allowed. 7. Foul - hitting the ball into the net (with loss of the point or a side-out)—except in the case of the first-try serve. FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT - VOLLEYBALL COURT - the first equipment required to play volleyball. - 60 x 30 ft or 18m x 9m - length of the entire in-play area of the court. Each side of the court is therefore 30 feet by 30 feet in size. - LINES - painted in all white. - All lines are 5 cm wide. Must be of light color which is different from the color of the floor and from any other lines. Lines on the Court (SCAB) 1. Service Line – the area from which the server may serve the volleyball, is marked 10 feet inside the right sideline on each back line. 2. Center Line – is marked at the center of the court dividing it equally into 30 ft squares (9m), above which the net is placed. 3. Attack Line – rear edge is drawn 3ms back from the axis of the center line, marking the front zone. 4. Boundary Lines – two sidelines and two end lines mark the playing court. - BALL - Standards - Shall be spherical, made out of flexible leather or synthetic leather case with a bladder inside, made of rubber or similar material. - Colors: Uniform light color or a combination of colors. Standard regulation according to FIVB, the ball must: Circumference - between 20-27 inches (65-67 cm). Weight - between 9-10 oz. (260-280g). Inside pressure of 4.264.61 psi or between 0.30 to 0.325 kilograms per centimeter square. - NET AND POSTS - Net Posts are positioned 36 feet apart and 3 feet further out from the sidelines.