Grade 12 CBSE PHYSICS LMS, High school final essays of Physics

Download Grade 12 CBSE PHYSICS LMS and more High school final essays Physics in PDF only on Docsity! - For quick Keuision of Elect aslatic - 4. ELECTRO ST: IITES. (B muras ) ae eusdv Teg vey af Bheabine Hetel Intensity _ B= Venke Var Vector N/e E=¢¥ar| Electric folentind Ve Kine. % Scalar V2. 4 Oe Fi og Sto wat Equol & opposite et seprated by mau cd&tance eee O>@ cm, Eand-Von ee | 3. Torgue on Dipole: - E En Sin B+ ae oo Q Aeloat+8 P Fe Net force ae pot it En C056 + Egtose Le cos ewe eS ce - — Strice Z Fe: ‘UE + En JPOLE : cos, =tA ¢ j; bas te ye Torque = Force x 1 distance 6 |r 1 & i= a abe “* Be 2E_cosO “ mus led e st = q& xBe (Be=12sin a _ : © axEs crt ARE, Esoxt % , “(4 \i seas = qE 2L4ém0 | 2 $O=, E+ 8 (tno 4nEy % {eso-4, = ESass oa . Amey ta? (val Eo-mt’ lp T=Pesine = Pxe > ox2aqgrl 3 Saget Ra 13 Pa = foo 2 * oS 2h Br URE anto( Fav) Tmax = PE For 6:90" ines 4aeo e =F Worle Done In Rotating Dipol | For.shoxt elipalet721 SNE se) . WefTde = (l-coso)pE 1 (clivection © tea) e rhe 2, For shon. ese cher Dr Gs FRBES ed xy et. —— 0 Divection ) + ¢ | ace Caan Saw 0 vA 4KEoc Cth) ARE G-A) Ve Vatve=tt%il -& FE ~ = #. Be Un€y x Ank X. unstable equitital um > her “areca © veo | *° 6 = 180" «> U= PE. Toral €lechic flux (total no. ee OF jorces) Demerges ror’ Closed suiface ts I7%, Eimes WSS THEOREM : TN the charge encased feds =6= ¥/£0 ee £ Due to long Charged Wire: lo, & Due to charged ise sheeé: | 3E Due charged Hallow Sphere.” Linens, charge cleris | ty a= ay re Surface charge density so = 5a Volume charge oh “ey PERE AE ane jferreomontesaeynia say demsity paayy FIC De surgace| | ehaage is onbothside_| - ‘gas = %/ Ne | firs Jet fties II ys n Je eo SEO Fé EI 2feds =VWe_, Ae | dS = Len ad Fordsatdsg s=a0 ae . ecossee0 Gas ame | Efds = Aye, sl To! cunr® = Ye, For curved surgace ds, 9 = | 2 pee Jacl “Eds = Ven ved EA = @/g, toneten Te &, %, _ lonsurtow cm F=4 To E penal és | . = 29fh For conducting sheet | & 2 om Ties RAEDY > \ f # E is Independent of distanal|. 2A A ae — Prom the shat. ‘APACLTOR.: G=CV or l=O/y Farad , C clepemas on climensions. Lapecitonce for parallel plate copacitey 2. With, Dielectric Slab | 3. Energy of Capeotinr Surrfoe. Chorge Density Emergy = Werle clove en} ro constdex Il plate. capacttor with! 2% 5. Q26A bringing chargeat yh potential VW arece of Plate A capacktanced + ehte Felt clW = Vediy= ¥. clq, at and olfst bet plates A * toe. ¥ | - + E = Es t Eatuectic . Uz(awe tl c=Q . Q 254 {as E [faa Mi Exd Eo KEq E=S Soy chargect 6 heat Potenttol V= Excl | Ec ° ae = (atb)+ foie ws & for susfaee charge olen siby ee Ee, ECA o beh aise dietecieslb. Energy Denatty (Ener; ruin ERA od Bote eH) slevts 1 EeA (Exd)® . : 20° 3 = een i clketectrte itt dltetectte constant | Ve = (d-tt E/p) ee Kb puted bofuwon the plosts, Now C= Vv lus al laltve nt  ~ ee Master Card for quick Kevision of 2.Current Electricity (7marks) 5 7" ‘hi ——= . SSS n we “* Exectiice coment - b= % Unik - Ampere _ scalar ower Dis tye a —E’ f2v,-nAbe ee Ja Ae ft velocity - veural Curved teneay J W if 4=0 — torelaxadian tvel ~ EON | Reciobevityy Vg= at (to £) Tenen eVT C= RA ako maz eb ae .t aceg ed = <5 : my ZL n&ta Ce ete a> eet & 10s) ¥ ms _ as V=Exs VER Mee T=s£ o Re ye mL ~“—E ~*~ “etta ee - gee 7 Mobility ue va (oe }s7} Cve ctor) ent ne endonce af Revinhn Erecdatc Cra Power \ wyith nerearl Conductash: T decream, @ Ping, A Colour Code ni renpeatidl Sensimdudtns “iver Cy SC] E Vata Tee= vet Moy Ceausvank) & a P= Vr=TR = v2 s Coycluckons = VE=TR= Ve i Om neanes) 3 — ey Tiwk= |kih = ° | © 2 % ti waders, ° \ 2 Neambives 4 : 3 ~ ae f Semvs Timpecbere Buy Barer R_V y' & é v Ey Runge . Como malin, of] Res unce RERRL. coment Aame E=V+tr clump, Pave thet comemation a, Qeratuna Lee Yet, Volt Se d i" Ra ge Ate |e ly dis lamang Gh Rema sa Br Rasibonce high RODS GRoer es Une \ = SIR Portlet tan taderal Pernt, Ley DEi=o0 — junche FAR “Mee Tg TDIR W) Sireese ~Lewy | WHE ar stone BRIDGE* METRE BRIDGE: e © turkiiamn Reodtancel Rok | eo 2 Tips | © balares - Covell Pa=& SAS Roto) | @Pot at pag Fame at nhl ply ———— 5 ® Podikon | Galvanemetey & loaklery | in wadac ty amack-sedine When nutt phe Can be Wherclanged at mut! pl In sarctdle, | POTENTIOMETER ¢ | Qxpy Aceh en then Pe 4] Pamuple — if constant errpceudk flo tered dresp YW are, nos, Uwugs ire at Cofew etre) & denote, of at potin PSP a) over voltmet CQ. and ao ane enegh ead nn nl 7 aoe E ZL ty Sentiviky wnexcased by _ 7 cy [J \nercarng Lo kee See : deo, akon le « par aquucre 4 i Gea . Qi sided Achlecty, = only, Ky Inseted ee KY when DE<E fi ween when Ky InteDed 2 eg, brit es Viatited anal Yhidhonce R Halton from SOMO” Tw fal soe - Properties of Magnet, ; Ns Magnets have novth po amel south pote. 2). LIKLS poles atpel 4 umilke attract each othr. 3), Fauly suspemcteel magnet resis im N-S cliiection. 4). Monppele clo not exists. 3). Mag lumg th & eq. O.B4 Rimes, op thais geometric Leg Magnetic Dfpole Moment : N U —(21)>/]5 JIAGNETES™ 5. 2). Angle of Declination : Angle blus geogr- | -aphteot muentottam 4 moge meridian at & pont wu cattecl Angu of Dectinotion. 3), Horizontal Intensity of Carth Mag. field. The hovigontat Componen® of 10-Eanth'y Field at amy point 4 Colleel hovizondat unde & Aime Prtomsiys M~ Pole. Stremgth. BV = BSS dams G2 gH w) - 3 BH “BwSs Betonye M. Due To Current Loop : when unsemt U B = Jen®aava possecl through a loop tt, behanes UKE Magnet. (M =A) = trent xArea , Magnetic Fietd ©f Earth: “M2 % (nr)* = eve br e- Geo 7 NN. : a — re,vzrann raphical i z Mb) (feedeahe ee Magnetic Dipole Movernent of a Revolving e-: Meietion : 2a, L 7 2. (Geographicat ) zB Mra0 & (AAE = owe (for eoV= 2Anr/e) Equator. obry gaan 2 bs G24 Rem i Mag nenters (Magnetic Equator) Magnetic Field Intensity due to Magqnetle Dipale. North, Ss 2. : = gv | : (Geographical ) Pou 1) On Axtal Line: B= Lo om t - aR OTS Magnetic Matevlal :- 2), On Equatorial Lime: ae Hs Paramegnatic Demamgnelic Ferrornegnatie aR HS 1) Odd no..0 Fe U7) 1) Even No: Sf] 1) Lt consints of = Outer mostorbit! and possess | domaln seprater Torque Acting on Dipole in Mag. reld i- | 4 posseasnetelipel ner clipot mo-| by domacn wall v 7 Cc . Ug . Ts Fxats. = MB2Q2LEMSB = M2LBsinB [moment ment % 0. = MBsime 2) Alligns Il to | 2) Altign 1 Lo |2). Strong fom (i :. [ts mastne] Heid @ get weak) ert. feta. ©f Faramagnatism > Torque ts Lt mag. feld ama MQ. Le pole mo munt{H)- by magmet’sect Ic t > Tmax = MB =(simO =!) ,O= 90 | Dice to Torque rotati Along ext-freld.} “N) 4 tmim = 0 = (Sime-o),6: 0 [™meronatines JS) C7 [fe _— . ; 5 - , — 8) Mag. fretd pass |=) Mag: fietcl | 3) Temp. atvorich Wlorkdone tm Rotating the Depole_t- | Ehawugh substance] repectt eol by subs} Ferromagnetic = ro | tomce. Slub. becomes = - ‘ A W= MB [cos@; - cos] N S| ihe Pa Magnet Permanent Magnets are Made up of Steet: 4, Sits ast AD. Uncrenie pacer, | COLA Curie o eee, nte Hy . Hystersts Loop / Cisive : The gropr. Plottedt b/Ux encternal mp imetecte i Kemp.) Temper areens - ftetd CH) & mag. incluretion (8) called "BH Lure” ar Hystetses Lovp, nS C mag nehses Electromagnehs: Are preponta by past Clectaro current INA Solenota. The Energy Loss : Workdone (energy Loss) th mag nutisatis amd clumagnetisation cs eq. to aa of RH | CL | Elements _of Earths Magqnetic Freta : | D Angle of Dip: Ange b/us horizontat te mog. lasts LULL Hu urremt Ob passed. It can be ncrenseel by :- 1). Imcteasirg no. of TA. 2). Imerecaiyg CLrremt . 3). Uswig soft dum core. Merten 13 a fee suspended Mag net. ae Dinan tene nnn ne nee neon freon s Olt te. fheremtna G, Electro Magnetic Induction suwuent due to change foumcluci induced Jn magretic fuux" Js’ catledt elechomagretic_dnduction . Faxeudoy haw}-() change | in magnetic induces, cusorert which Ae Wy) ex de dt ; 7 Loror!p Loui Trelucer wsnenct ehparsen. Method of fouidhuclog em), tre due 48 which it] 6 _-dg solsnnan is preduced . dt REO A < 8 a ” if d Thduced uvvitert chasige j- acc. 49 Jaw 6 conserva @=-d6 ier ion of ener: aE g )= Rak > &&% wt Motionol Am i The e unduced due to mation of dy = -Ao a crdnalen in Mefield . Rm Motional &mpi- e= =e Ratating scl |- ex ad Eddu.Cusitent = The 4 2 -dB-a a — comet | Coeulating inouced curent a ZAh ‘dF “2 Sa © one ina mokailic, ay AA vy =~ BdA,-Bldat | | * @2BdA block kept stn magnetic field LV X KAS at de ; * cama tt cam bp » ty i yr daly! e=-Brvi 2 BK wecluced alg _Divection = pmdiclockwise| ©“ * 29/8 Laminated COSLE y ot eusting Fore \- j= Bvt Slots in block, cS Fea sacgul)s | OER Oe) fplzation ~ F-B2v0r ere.ok Apokos 1a increased | Magnetec biokn nN] R mt semain some , (i) Thduction furunonce. Pwwe- P= nk 2. (ii) Deacl beat galvanemeten. red dual -Tncluction + when the-—@ — —————— > & ee > cused in pdmikNo. of twos Js Rouble than s omi- © in Jin awurent in pum/*T ae ih bal idtbed ~qsuf coil incluces evsotert | ir bocome evth in a cmil, indixee { { (Lan?) wort Jo pra@ctuced whith | tn secondosy Lol . annie n>). Obbarser the chamge in sana coi . bai Clechical Resonance | Main werent mein wren J gemi f- 1 noxeoneg ——_ raeotenstry Unit ~ He _ aN LC (a) Ls } = Fwd frp | Power mn A.C. dccult? 1" Sat Ho= Hera Im Ps 1 Vo fp Cong unit> ion cH) — | Soleil: 6, = MoM Pz Ne fo conp Laut Hane "y g2 BAN, ae, Defommuda + L= Ce TA $ 2 Ue hyin AN [Pp = Vams teams ] Solenaid: bo Li Cim= Nit) b= mip Cop = R 6 = BAN = (Ho) A)N mi, 2 Lon nALi, [mo-Z | us HonvAN Me inn Al ALTERNATING CURRENT + TRANSFORMER +H is |+ ALC. Genenatont ty |> . a device use 46 change) q device which convesct d AC ea: i eatianten! areoupy ‘into D.C - as bapptde oe Pxinciple : It JA bored | electrical enon. A ca . 3n bath magnitude on feu inc Soon Spies ie staat distection, ct tana on prumople ie sa ay. > St oileey B- aecendlay “magnetic Hens = 1S ined & “Saleh up !Trestecne valtag$| lonstaection i ag = omnes Se Cod Tard decrense awredt| fj pounatwe cot var? ft Vv. cero] * “Sep down: aocswane (i) Geld ‘ u = (KVand increase aorert| Gz) Sip (usher, | Yue “LE [con n-coro] te SIE, e= -dp Vav= 2V° gy Tay = 20 sen [ae ce apna il le yy = 1 at OK Theor: Ns i a = Weal ° =e = * Np ee¥] aeced Oe “ye aa justioalt is @=BADANDLt y, ¢ an f= stk 1 € = BAND ww Dt “ae 3 a reoery Cmax = p= BAND Vice & Ve (-qn2a+ esi) ela ty) ha 2 enutnd “¢ o Puce. Reaistive Chreutk {(cisucubt contalning stesistor V2 Vowin Ot siteva ca Hi ie Seanoa] levsinad Ce] “ow 2A PE fee apm ei | Mea dad afta Ze Oo Fnequency of Viems Le) = 2 [Jairto= 1] oPune sedatirecapactton cisccuit ( docuit Containing Veams= Vo wi @=cv cla ondy ) dz emg * Ez dd_cdv te inal 3 gee ed. «l® ed (usin dH) t le Sesties LCR Cisecut + T= Cl d sind 0 edsindt , Cy usu Pp hay va Ve + (Wr &)? is Ve gin (Ot +77, ) G2)? RPe(DL-D%) Yew oe Vs fs sin he ated Am, [eT Ox] o= Y/Y tl Z=] pe 2 . a. - 5 ‘a REL( LO~ oo) o Rue induct chucit oe tan d=, Ve Ldi diz tvdt t, P= Lo~ a c PY =e 3 di = ith Oras L.,. M (di= Ye fainddt at = Vp [-tos0 +) VoOVe tand— sca _ (tox gee Sx Refraction Through a Prism : ao ¥ Im quaokilateat AMPN. By Smuts Lanse LA + 90° +LP + 90° = 366° tu= sind . Sune AIO t Lo - (y472) 490 2360 A= Vitrs (2) = sim ( 38S ) b= 4% 7 Verticatty a Hee BS _ c= tat y J opposite angus. St snibalrmasecetenieelen Ses For. thun px tte = (Chitrayt Grcry) ay bey Teh. or pasm Ss ety . mtb Bt Sin Hs BaP SF extewor Lis equat ede (At Sm) (3) Ay — b sum of interior ~ ; . om. Sm = U-1)A LP=1B0- (rer yd ArOT 1, (9/2) — a) Amgutar Disper stom: O= Sv- $a = (dye) A Dispersiue Power: w:8 = Sv-SR (tty A _ lyse ae My-4 8y sy (uy-1) A Scattering of Light : SX 1 ; Danger signals Red. xi (Ray Leigh) G SRY appears blue. (RAYLEIGH LAW). Redlelish appecramce of Stn-ause, Auemset. A Prism Angle Ade Refractive Index . Simple Microscope : Convex Lens of Low focal length ama high power. Re ~ i). Lage at dD. Object Placed blus Focus and tems. c F t Virtual ent Tmoge- W) Image at od Magnt fying Power . Object plated om focus. % amgte macte byovjex Se HMhen kept in perinon OS vrnoge. Mag nity ing Ponter m= 2d Compound Microscope. 1 Objective — Coonven lent of Low focat Length and smatl aperture ), - Eyelens — Ltonvex tems of high focal temgth anc lange apertrae). iy Lmage at Dd. Fimat Virtual inverted brag. W) Tage at Infinity oo Finat Emage at Print by: t Ze yi — fer cue se ° j Eng oT te PP Ue" ion ci] fe \ iD de do Se Length of tube [= Vo the Astronaumécal Telescope : Objective : (conven lems of high focal aumgtn + lange apetiae) Eyetens (Convex tens of low focal Length & sratt op exture-) 1) Image at Infininy. W) Lrnage at D —— fo ete E Fuinal mage at eo-” Enlanged Umage tae de om: Se (1+ i ~ ee fe fe welk, Rp- 2D Po sbrcchne L= fotfe (Length of tube) , 122A Length of the Tube L=fotue Reflecting Telescope: Concave meiior acts as am objecteve. Newtonian ca. ‘ Teles cope ff Rays from ssgran m bet Teleseope Ia ADVANTAGES | 1) Bnight Lrnage Us formed - 2). frmage free from chroniatty Abbertition, NX we Resadving. Power ‘the ability optical imbument jo foun — OF fstrct Hogi Sto aipet atten “ial cochathoxt , Ke soutng power of Micscorce ho Telencape Pm = 2H sin 8 (RP) = _D_ [« In = 2a | [‘ ), Ba { a 7 ‘RP alt of seaptution is reeostoy§ lac olarisation ~ ae Ee e : Ei] Be q x | - umpalosriaed Tasctilly Ginecs polosused Folonised Mol Iw f-mate} I i (ifr wet) Weve Oprocs A wavelet fs Se foint of disturbance due to propagation of tight. * A wowefront is the Qocur. of points having the Some phase of esclilation ‘A Gime porhomoliculasr fo a accnepreoret 1B Lalled! a ‘say, —f i Indsical wf Plame wf, Sphodcol Wf. pone Dineasy source HUYGENS PRINCIPLE :- find tho ahafe o urwepront at ony porticular ; Instance, The iw® fartuslate aste- ) ach, {paint om puimosy come-f, acts asa yousece 5 reconclory wf, sohith duel un all ditection ustth cahrooed of Light . : Ui) ‘the fousad enwelobe as commen rt 6, wf, e hone e Sgt of cry 0. ge hae pre of git ~~ rire OCR tt ¢ y rrenes “ Point ie Source ; ) arabe i 'S Principle Refyection by Hyygen's Principle. * LK J ss cy Si " AMPNand MON ~ MNemN commen wile PN= Vit ZPe LO 90°, PN= MO (diskemverrecl MO2vt yea _ PN/mw sara eerani ly say etn sine Ma/me = pa Se-i = 30-6 : Mo= Ue wt Trdeenence of Ught> variation of inti ity of Uaht due te avewaphing of clinjomcn og alan fg. ht e Comabunctive - Reauttant gnexdarr ame byuightt Lghet ray fpomed . “Poth aiff, i BX20 FAS 2A,- > - > BA Destructive Pre aiff - O42 ,, , 34, .. rei “Phos dty at AP=0 , 2K, UR, 6R+ - MK rears ABER , 80, 8R- > (anny 2 Peabuictive = “Reauttart jy minimum « Young's double suit experiment (YDS) *- A monechxomatic Sight toam is “gmeidort im double wit tho patton obtain en westee i of atternodte baught and doxk” bonds collect fing - a a 71 Einstein Phataelectsic tg, veckion - Phatmclectouc effect was “explaingd using. quantum thoy by Linggkern. C=6+kE hd = WVo tLmy? Tn tours of. wavelength ~ h)- ie h($-£) zh my? sl haat of tote ed De- bogie Let ct ie qume wb oraciated with mami posdicle . This ume 1 collect mattos wave Sng fas Ab Rnoun ar debscoalle warelendth , Exbxersion fox a: qr By pocticle notre , In teu 6, Tn texm Excme — = pak ae pert te) eu a mage yee en ane E=Lmy* Ey Darraion fe Gresumen _ Crborwment K= Beblzmann constant ui ore yun = ha a [theo watki ing \- A e fram jn Fg igh be an imeidont on t rid tic amet be ein used to cts thin e- wy - difpack thee beam Sed dheama dn nus i i) Detector! 1 is sed tp , frrel tee B mooauned swith beth of detector ely of aploted bom,| Pautted om beeutan? bee WE 54 Vatt a clear hump, Ys (masa) at Er ori =1xA Dag “1 A= 658 ay yea Aypattesi, — zo 1223, 123 2hb6A 8. ATOM R NUCLEL (6 marks) Rutherford «-particle veattering Exp :- 7 Exp. Setup: v ee ' Rotatable é m* o * ' Deteotor. Lead tavity Celtimator eal ‘ * OBSERVATIONS } 3) Most Of the & panticle pasted undeniatecr. ") Few * panticle scectterect at ongu o, 1 Ke ° sin®() tn) Very fee retraces thei peuth. N« *RUIHERPORDS MODEL OF ATOM: (1 1) Most of the part of atom u hollows. fn) Mme central eore Us Huly Uhouged coliead, nuctees (LO-l5m), ° € HEVolVY aroma te nuctecns & raddus Of Orbit olecreases clice bo clecrecse Un energy (dement). Distance oF Closest approach t Lmyt = (ze) (20) YR Eo To “(Wo = 22e> 4ACo (Y2mv2) Cmpact Parameter: Leu papendtautar. distance of the velocity utetoy of the X- particles from centre of nuctens mhen &- particle uy faraway from atom. be 2 22e? © = —— =~— cot AKEg mv fob fs «smaller Ub, larger & angle ofscattering 6 d Ie On” © cot @ = 2b § 72 te ® ° for O= 180" (Aebounds) b6=0 e¢ BOHR'S MODEL: (1913) D. The e> com ertat tm certen Orbit nrithaut racliating emergy» mvt. 1 Ze "6 oY yr - Reo 2 1). Only those OYbLE wre clLouted foruthich the mvr) & integral mult- Wed By Bones Quantum NO. tn) Electrons Revolving In thelr statronaw crbtt de net rackate energy (non tadrakre orbits e.Bchrs Ornits Iv) Ch the e” goes from erbit of tneigy Er trothy orbit oF enesay Ez thima photon of energy “Raclius ef Bohr Orbit! x_2 on™ h® For Hyduogen 2=L amerzZ ENERGY OF BOHR ORBITS i- E=E+PE = Y,myr+ Zee) a a AKEod. = Lt 2e - Ze mv 4 ¥ 2 GREY inter ( into = ) Bae Ze AN Ep Tn Por H Stem HYDROGEN SPECTRUM :- Hy cliogem Specmum eensirt of group os Tadtolin emitted bya H-atom whose twauclenght u given a yi. Rz*( 4 ill Ry dbesg Constant A Re ont /| R= 1,09x 107m Continuum ones vA yy \ se \3 = 2 6. Baey PFOND t i p -1.5lev 2 BRACKETT } 3 PASEHEN, iE 2 & ~3.4eu- \ > BALMER’ uv ~13,6eV, Amax=1216A" Ground state), LYMAN Amin = 312. AY Lyman Series + Electron jump from hight. orbit to fist orbit. Nysk 4,2 2,3,4-- --- 2 +t -L)\)- RR % ne az) a | aire Voitet Region. Yo=R[ Lt.) - @&gr J “9 = (a a) ® a5 Boimer : Vislble Regien Pashen, Bracivett , PFund :- Far Infraud- hv & nadlated auch that. Tho= €.-E  AOE Se gs EY agian pera ETiG eee peewee: sys = b 2 Nucteons = Protons tNeutrons Aude OL Mass No. | tame ‘nie ( 26 ye 16x10 19 a aN Elechon Volt (ev) ~ Unit of energy Mass = Atomic 4No, of A xR3 “LA 8 No. Neuhorn. lev = 16x10° 99, LIsotoPes : Same protons (2) but cuppauntty ) No.of Neuron. SSObArS: Same(h) but cipgeemt (2) LsotoNes: Same no. neutrons Mass Energy Relation : [E =a me?) Energy & mass cu ineerconvertibl, Mass Defect ' Diffaencee un masses. Of nucleons & nucles. Am = [ZMp + -2) Mn] fo moss defect. B.E.=dM.c7 Poelcing Fraction: B.E pernucteon. PLE = B.b/p Rot Lax LO L Fermi = 10° yn, mass of a PC nuduall oy Decreases agter Binding Energy : Energy equivaumt. Lamu = 931 Mev NOCLEAR DENSITY | Lo!? Icg [m3 Thoepem aunt ef mass no.amd sane For cteelements C= 7A _ xy, ABRROD RRO “LS m Ex; HT, 1 a HP, yH3 3 1 2He’, aHe, sHe® Ex, 2 2, WNa™ pe Ne”; ae la’? 1g Ar’? i : 2, y Ext HTy oHe’; 9 0'%; ctu Variation 17 BE, ain Mth MOSS NO. ')BE/py Us very Less fer A=Bamd thin Inacoses upto 6>66°] 2 A=120' 3) Maruimunm 10.9 mev for Romge A>30 1 A=120° GE/Nucteon (M 50 Mass No.(A) 200 k 4 D 6 i ) Pett for ate! 6C", g0'Soie uineliente movestabiut 5).Mare » BE/y , more ts Atabl li ty Of cemereeenes. NUCLEAR FISSCON: Sp Litting of huwy nucleus , q2U™ NUCLEAR FUSLON + Fusing huo or = IW % on! —> o¢ Bab gcier 44 3yn'48 (Zoo He meu Lighter nwelod . 1H'+ (H'—> Heh 40 RADLOACTIVITY: 8 pontamcous emusion of radiation (4,B,1) from racbioactive nucter. Laws of Radioactive Decay! 1) Spontameous . 2). Rate of cls inteynetion Us abrecty Proportional to no, o} ator at Hot Home 3). Indepenount of tempuatuy, pressicez etc. 4)d-B not emittesl Atmuttamrously N= No eat Hats Life :|T,,. = 0-643 = log? 4 a» te tetot bene % (2He*) B telectron) | Y(photon) Charges] aye tome 16x lol ° Mess: | 4x16? x10 ky Q.txlo-$! uy | Restmass O Infield} Deflectecl by dectric of Mog. Field No effect - Speod=| Le1s tham 6 less tham Y Speed oj Ug ht Unit of Ractioactivity - Curie (i) ~ 29x10 clecay /see Lactivity of 1g sicolt em). * Becquerel (8q) - Idecoy/sec (S.2 Unit of raclioacliv’ ty) «Rutherford (RA) - 10% Decay /see A x An’ y a-clecay 1X —_—> aay + He p- decay ® 7B A ° x wg + af “¥ Y-cdecay A aX No Average Life = L =14a4 Ty, x’ ‘ed PHEaN Bdleony ze Po rnse'tY Btoeay