Grammar Quiz 4 Practice, Lecture notes of Japanese Language

Download Grammar Quiz 4 Practice and more Lecture notes Japanese Language in PDF only on Docsity! Grammar Quiz 4 Practice 1. What is a preposition? a word that indicates the relationship of a noun or pronoun to another word in the sentence 2. What is a phrasal preposition? preposition consisting of more than one word that indicates the relationship of a noun or pronoun to another word in the sentence 3. What is a verb phrase? a main verb and all its auxiliaries 4. What is a phrasal verb? a structure with a verb and a particle that forms an idiom 5. List and explain the seven noun functions. a) subject – noun about which something is expressed b) predicate nominative – noun that follows a “to be” or linking verb and renames or identifies the subject c) appositive – noun that follows another noun to identify or explain it d) object of a preposition – noun linked to the rest of the sentence by a preposition e) direct object – noun that receives the action of the verb or shows the result of the action f) indirect object – noun that identifies to whom or for whom the action of the verb is done g) object complement – noun that follows the direct object and renames or identifies it 6. What are pronouns? words that stand for nouns; can serve a variety of noun-like functions or as adjectives 7. What is an antecedent? the word, phrase, or clause for which the pronoun stands 8. List and explain the different types of pronouns we have studied. a) personal – replace the general or specific names of nouns b) possessive – show ownership of antecedents c) indefinite – identify nouns in a general way d) demonstrative – point to nouns and indicate nearness to or distance from the speaker e) reflexive – show that the nouns mentioned earlier are involved and completing the action to or for themselves f) intensive – add emphasis to nouns or other pronouns; serve as appositives g) reciprocal – stand in for nouns in a mutual relationship h) interrogative – stand in for nouns in the formation of a question or introduce noun clauses that imply a question 9. List and explain the five types of pronoun usage errors. a) pronoun / antecedent agreement: pronoun doesn’t agree in gender and number with its antecedent b) pronoun shift – pronoun doesn’t agree in person with its antecedent c) pronoun reference – pronoun lacks a clear antecedent d) ambiguous pronoun – pronoun has two or more possible antecedents e) pronoun case – pronoun is not in the right form for its use in the sentence 10. What is an adjective? a word or structure that modifies (limits or makes more definite) a noun or pronoun 11. What three questions do adjectives and adjectival structures answer? a) what kind? b) which one? c) how many? 12. What are the nine types of adjectives? a) proper adjective d) possessive g) indefinite b) article e) interrogative h) ordinal c) demonstrative f) numerical i) descriptive 13. What are the three degrees of comparison for adjectives and adverbs? a) positive (1) b) comparative (2) c) superlative (3+) 14. What is an adverb? a word or structure that modifies a verb, adjective, or other adverb 15. What eight questions do adverbs and adverbial structures answer? a) where? d) how? g) to what extent? b) when? e) in what manner? h) why? c) how often? f) under what condition? Underline each adjective and identify it as specifically as possible. PA 16. These Japanese haikus are harder than the five French poems we read. dem pro – proper descript def art numer proper adj compar. degree 17. Her collection contains many blue pens, some of them quite ancient. poss pro - indef pro - descript descript adj adj positive