Wireless Sensor Networks for Habitat Monitoring: A Case Study on Leach's Storm Petrels, Slides of Wireless Networking

Download Wireless Sensor Networks for Habitat Monitoring: A Case Study on Leach's Storm Petrels and more Slides Wireless Networking in PDF only on Docsity! Jan­Apr 2007 CS698T: “Wireless Networks: Principles & Practice”, Bhaskaran Raman, Dept. of CSE, IIT Kanpur Topic 09 CS698T Wireless Networks: Principles and Practice Topic 09 Embedded Wireless Sensors: Application Case Studies Bhaskaran Raman, Department of CSE, IIT Kanpur http://www.cse.iitk.ac.in/users/braman/courses/wless-spring2007/ Jan­Apr 2007 CS698T: “Wireless Networks: Principles & Practice”, Bhaskaran Raman, Dept. of CSE, IIT Kanpur Topic 09 A Detailed Study of a Sensor Network Application ● Reference: “W ireless Sensor Networks for Habitat Monitoring”, A. M ainwaring, J. Polastre, R. Szewczyk, D. Culler, J. Anderson, WSNA (Wireless Sensor Networks and Applications), Sep 2002 ● Monitoring seabird nesting environment (Leach’s Storm Petrel) Picture: Courtesy Google Jan­Apr 2007 CS698T: “Wireless Networks: Principles & Practice”, Bhaskaran Raman, Dept. of CSE, IIT Kanpur Topic 09 Motivation: Life Scientists’ Perspective ● Usage pattern of nesting burrows over the 24-72 hour cycle when one or both members of a breeding pair alternate incubation and feeding at sea ● Changes in burrow and surface environmental parameters during the 7- month breeding season ● Differences in micro-environments with and without large numbers of nesting petrels Jan­Apr 2007 CS698T: “Wireless Networks: Principles & Practice”, Bhaskaran Raman, Dept. of CSE, IIT Kanpur Topic 09 Motivation: Sensor Networks Perspective ● Application-driven approach better than abstract problem statements – Separate actual problems from potential ones – Relevant versus irrelevant issues ● Develop an effective sensor network architecture – Learn general solutions from specific ones Jan­Apr 2007 CS698T: “Wireless Networks: Principles & Practice”, Bhaskaran Raman, Dept. of CSE, IIT Kanpur Topic 09 Data Acquisition Rates ● Presence/absence data: using temperature differentials – Every 5-10 min ● General environmental parameters: – Every 2-4 hours ● Popular vs unpopular sites: – Every 1 hour, at the beginning of the breeding season Jan­Apr 2007 CS698T: “Wireless Networks: Principles & Practice”, Bhaskaran Raman, Dept. of CSE, IIT Kanpur Topic 09 Remarks on the Architecture ● Hierarchical network ● Solar panel at gateways and base-station ● In-situ retasking possible – Example: collect temperature beyond a certain threshold, no need for all temperature readings ● Base-station has satellite connectivity ● Base-station has RDBMS, backed up every 15-min to server at UCBerkeley Jan­Apr 2007 CS698T: “Wireless Networks: Principles & Practice”, Bhaskaran Raman, Dept. of CSE, IIT Kanpur Topic 09 The Hardware Platform Source: “Wirele ss Sensor Networks for Habitat Monitoring”, A. Mainwaring, J. Polastre, R. Szewczyk, D. Culler, J. Anderson, WSNA, Sep 2002 Jan­Apr 2007 CS698T: “Wireless Networks: Principles & Practice”, Bhaskaran Raman, Dept. of CSE, IIT Kanpur Topic 09 Features of the Platform ● Mote called Mica: – 4MHz Atmel Atmega 103 microcontroller – Single channel 916 MHz radio from RF Monolithics (40Kbps) ● Battery: pair of AA + DC boost converter ● Size: 2.0 x 1.5 x 0.5 inches ● Separate sensor board called the Mica weather board Jan­Apr 2007 CS698T: “Wireless Networks: Principles & Practice”, Bhaskaran Raman, Dept. of CSE, IIT Kanpur Topic 09 Energy Budget Source: “Wirele ss Sensor Networks for Habitat Monitoring”, A. Mainwaring, J. Polastre, R. Szewczyk, D. Culler, J. Anderson, WSNA, Sep 2002 Total energy available: 2200 mAh == 8.148 mAh/day x 9 months Jan­Apr 2007 CS698T: “Wireless Networks: Principles & Practice”, Bhaskaran Raman, Dept. of CSE, IIT Kanpur Topic 09 Gateway: Design Choices ● 802.11b based – CerfCube platform: StrongArm-based – IBM micro-drive with 1GB storage – 2.5W power consumption – 12dBi omni-antenna ==> 1000 feet range ● Mote-mote connection – 14dBi directional antenna ==> 1200 feet range ● Packet reception rate was similar in either case, but former requires solar panel Jan­Apr 2007 CS698T: “Wireless Networks: Principles & Practice”, Bhaskaran Raman, Dept. of CSE, IIT Kanpur Topic 09 Example Data Temperature difference due to bird (verified using recorded bird call) Jan­Apr 2007 CS698T: “Wireless Networks: Principles & Practice”, Bhaskaran Raman, Dept. of CSE, IIT Kanpur Topic 09 Tungurahua, Ecuador Source: “D eploying a Wireless Sensor Network on an Active Volcano”, Presentation by Matt Welsh, Harvard University Jan­Apr 2007 CS698T: “Wireless Networks: Principles & Practice”, Bhaskaran Raman, Dept. of CSE, IIT Kanpur Topic 09 Monitoring Equipment Source: “D eploying a Wireless Sensor Network on an Active Volcano”, Presentation by Matt Welsh, Harvard University Jan­Apr 2007 CS698T: “Wireless Networks: Principles & Practice”, Bhaskaran Raman, Dept. of CSE, IIT Kanpur Topic 09 Sensor Network Architecture Source: “ Fidelity and Yield in a Volcano Monitoring Sensor Network”, G. Werner-Allen et. al., OSDI 2006 Jan­Apr 2007 CS698T: “Wireless Networks: Principles & Practice”, Bhaskaran Raman, Dept. of CSE, IIT Kanpur Topic 09 More Applications: Industrial Monitoring Source: “ WiBeaM:Wireless Bearing Monitoring System”, Lt Cdr VMD Jagannath, Bhaskaran Raman, WISARD 2007. Jan­Apr 2007 CS698T: “Wireless Networks: Principles & Practice”, Bhaskaran Raman, Dept. of CSE, IIT Kanpur Topic 09 More Applications: BriMon 6 2 541 3 12 8 11107 9 Span Pier Sensor nodes Jan­Apr 2007 CS698T: “Wireless Networks: Principles & Practice”, Bhaskaran Raman, Dept. of CSE, IIT Kanpur Topic 09 BriMon Field Trip (1/2) Motes connected to 8dBi omni antennas