Handout: Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System 1, Exercises of Anatomy

Download Handout: Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System 1 and more Exercises Anatomy in PDF only on Docsity! Handout: Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System BIO 182: Anatomy & Physiology II; Instructor – Fred Wendler Pictures adapted from HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY, Ninth Edition by Elaine N. Marieb and Katja Hoehn 1 • Female Reproductive Anatomy o More complex than males o Required to do both ▪ Produce gametes ▪ Nurture the developing fetus for 9 months o Ovaries – female gonads ▪ Produce female gametes (ova) ▪ Secrete female sex hormones, estrogen (estradiol, estrone, estriol) and progesterone o Internal genitalia – in pelvic cavity ▪ Ovaries ▪ Uterine tubes ▪ Uterus ▪ Vagina Handout: Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System BIO 182: Anatomy & Physiology II; Instructor – Fred Wendler Pictures adapted from HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY, Ninth Edition by Elaine N. Marieb and Katja Hoehn 2 o External genitalia (vulva) ▪ External sex organs ▪ Mons pubis ▪ Labia majora and minora ▪ Clitoris ▪ External urethral orifice ▪ Vaginal orifice ▪ Hymen ▪ Greater vestibular glands o Mons pubis ▪ Fatty area overlying pubic symphysis o perineum ▪ Diamond-shaped region between pubic arch and coccyx ▪ Bordered by ischial tuberosities laterally • Ovaries o Ovaries produce the female gametes ▪ Ova or egg o Held in place by several ligaments ▪ Ovarian ligament – anchors ovary medially to uterus ▪ Suspensory ligament - anchors ovary laterally to pelvic wall ▪ Mesovarium – suspends ovary o Suspensory ligament and mesovarium part of broad ligament – supports uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina Handout: Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System BIO 182: Anatomy & Physiology II; Instructor – Fred Wendler Pictures adapted from HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY, Ninth Edition by Elaine N. Marieb and Katja Hoehn 5 • Female Duct System o Female duct system has little or no contact with ovaries ▪ Oocyte cast into peritoneal cavity; some lost there o Uterine tubes ▪ Also called fallopian tubes or oviducts o Uterus o Vagina • Uterine Tubes o Receive ovulated oocyte; usual site of fertilization o isthmus – constricted region where tube joins uterus o ampulla - the distal end and expansion of each uterine tube near the ovary o The ciliated fibriae of infundibulum create currents to move oocyte into uterine tube o The ampulla ends at the infundibulum o The infundibulum is open; tunnel-shaped o The infundibulum have finger-like structures called fibriae Handout: Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System BIO 182: Anatomy & Physiology II; Instructor – Fred Wendler Pictures adapted from HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY, Ninth Edition by Elaine N. Marieb and Katja Hoehn 6 o Oocyte carried along by peristalsis and ciliary action o Nonciliated cells of the mucosa nourish oocyte and sperm o Covered externally by peritoneum Handout: Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System BIO 182: Anatomy & Physiology II; Instructor – Fred Wendler Pictures adapted from HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY, Ninth Edition by Elaine N. Marieb and Katja Hoehn 7 • Uterus o Hollow, thick-walled, muscular organ o Function ▪ Receive, retain, nourish fertilized ovum o Anteverted ▪ Normally the uterus is inclined forward ▪ Retroverted – inclined backward in older women o body - major portion o fundus - rounded superior region o isthmus - narrowed inferior region o cervix - narrow neck, or outlet; projects into vagina o cervical canal communicates with ▪ Vagina via external os (mouth) ▪ Uterine body via internal os (mouth) o Cervical glands secrete mucus that blocks sperm entry except during midcycle • Supports of the Uterus o Mesometrium o Cardinal ligaments o Uterosacral ligaments o Round ligements o Mesometrium ▪ lateral support for the uterus ▪ Portion of broad ligament o Cardinal ligaments ▪ Also called lateral cervical ligaments ▪ From cervix and superior vaginal to lateral walls of pelvis o Uterosacral ligaments ▪ secure uterus to sacrum o Round ligaments ▪ Bind the uterus to anterior wall