Harmful Effects of Pollution on : INHALATION , CONTACT WITH SKIN AND EYES, Slides of Chemistry

Download Harmful Effects of Pollution on : INHALATION , CONTACT WITH SKIN AND EYES and more Slides Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity! SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY HARIBHAI V.DESAI COLLEGE, PUNE INHALATION CONTACT WITH SKIN AND EYES By- Krupa Giridhar Patel Guidance: Dr.Heena V Sanghani INDEX  Meaning of inhalation  Explanation of inhalation  Inhalation of air  Differentiate between inhalation and exhalation  Effects on eyes in humans after experimental exposure to airborne office dust  Gasoline and health  Symptoms of gasoline poisoning  Causes of gasoline poisoning  Short term implications  Long term implications  Getting emergency help  Outlook for someone who has been poisoned by gasoline  Skin/Eye contact  Ingestion  Conclusion  References Inhalation of air  Inhalation of air, as part of the cycle of breathing, is a vital process for all human life. As such, it happens automatically (though there are exceptions in some disease states) and does not need conscious control or effort. However, breathing can be consciously controlled or interrupted (within limits).  Breathing allows oxygen (which humans and a lot of other species need for survival) to enter the lungs, from where it can be absorbed into the bloodstream. Differentiate between inhalation and exhalation.  Breathing is brought about by inhalation and exhalation. Mechanism of breathing in humans: Air passes through the tiny hair in the nasal cavity. It enters pharynx and passes through larynx and windpipe before reaching the lungs.  Lungs are situated inside the chest cavity and they rest on a large muscular sheet called the diaphragm. Diaphragm forms the floor of the chest cavity. The diaphragm plays an important role in inhalation and exhalation. Movement of diaphragm is brought about by special musculature.  *During inhalation, the rib cage moves outwards and the diaphragm contracts to move downwards. As the rib cage expands, the space in the chest cavity increases allowing air rich in oxygen enter the lungs.  *During exhalation, the ribs move inwards and the diaphragm relaxes to return to its normal position. The contraction of rib cage reduces the size of the chest cavity.   Now air rich in carbon dioxide is driven out of the lungs. Bromine  Bromine water is corrosive to human tissue in a liquid state and its vapours irritate eyes and throat. Bromine vapours are very toxic with inhalation. Humans can absorb organic bromines through the skin, with food and during breathing. Through food and drinking water humans absorb high doses of inorganic bromines. Symptoms of gasoline poisoning  Swallowing gasoline can cause a wide range of problems for vital organs. Symptoms of gasoline poisoning may include:  difficulty breathing  throat pain or burning  burning in the esophagus  abdominal pain  vision loss  vomiting with or without blood  bloody stools  dizziness  severe headaches  extreme fatigue  convulsions  body weakness  loss of consciousness  When gasoline comes into contact with your skin, you may experience red irritation or burns. Causes of gasoline poisoning  Gasoline is a necessity in many industries. Gas is the primary fuel used to make most engine-powered vehicles work. The hydrocarbon components of gasoline make it poisonous. Hydrocarbons are a type of organic substance made up of hydrogen and carbon molecules. They are part of all sorts of modern substances, including the following:  motor oil  lamp oil  kerosene  paint  rubber cement  lighter fluid  Gasoline contains methane and benzene, which are dangerous hydrocarbons.  Perhaps one of the greatest risks of gasoline exposure is the harm it can do to your lungs when you inhale its fumes. Direct inhalation can cause carbon monoxide poisoning, which is why you shouldn’t run a vehicle in an enclosed area, such as a garage.  Pumping gasoline into your gas tank isn’t generally harmful. However, accidental liquid exposure can harm your skin.  Accidental gasoline consumption is far more widespread than intentionally swallowing the liquid. Getting emergency help  Swallowing gasoline or excessive exposure to fumes warrants a visit to the emergency room or a call to a local poison control center. Make sure the person sits up and drinks water unless instructed not to do so. Ensure they’re in an area with fresh air.  Be sure to take these precautions:  In case of emergency  Don’t force vomiting.  Don’t give the victim milk.  Don’t give liquids to an unconscious victim.  Don’t leave the victim and yourself exposed to gasoline fumes. Outlook for someone who has been poisoned by gasoline  The outlook for gasoline poisoning depends on the amount of exposure and how quickly you get treatment. The faster you get treatment, the more likely you are to recover without significant injury. However, gasoline exposure always has the potential to cause problems in the lungs, mouth, and stomach. CONCLUSION  Several dose metrics have been tried to describe the relationship between particle dose and lung overload associated-effects. Particle mass is the most widely used dose metric for inhalation studies because of its practical convenience, but it has been shown to be less suitable to describe the relationship with lung overload effects. Dose metrics which have been proposed as being suitable are primarily the particle volume and the particle surface. Albeit that multiple studies have been published supporting the adequacy of these dose metrics, no one universal dose metric has been identified thus far, and it is unlikely that any metric will be singled out because the best metric might depend heavily on the investigated substance and the type of effect investigated.  Other particle characteristics have been shown to play a significant role in the way the respiratory system responds to particle exposure. The particle density is directly linked to the volumetric overload concept, and the way it is determined is a critical parameter. The particle size is directly related to the surface-based dose metric. The particle shape has been demonstrated to have a significant impact on the particle’s aerodynamic behaviour and on how lung cells interact with particles. Also differences in surface reactivity of chemically similar particles can result in different biological effects. References  Wikipedia  Dr. Heena Sanghani (Subject Teacher)