Glossary of Health and Fitness Terms: From Anorexia Nervosa to Yo-Yo Dieting, Quizzes of Kinesiology

Download Glossary of Health and Fitness Terms: From Anorexia Nervosa to Yo-Yo Dieting and more Quizzes Kinesiology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 health DEFINITION 1 a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being (not merely the absence of disease/infirmity) TERM 2 wellness DEFINITION 2 a process of making informed choices that will lead one, over a period of time, to a healthy lifestyle that should result in a sense of well-being; 7-dimensions = emotional, physical, social, occupational, environmental, intellectual, & spiritual TERM 3 primary prevention DEFINITION 3 behaviors to avoid the development of disease (getting immunizations, exercising regularly, eating healthy meals, limiting exposure to sunlight, using sunscreen, having safe drinking water, guarding against accidents) TERM 4 secondary prevention DEFINITION 4 aimed at early detection & identification of disease (blood pressure screenings, mammograms, & annual pap tests) TERM 5 tertiary prevention DEFINITION 5 works to improve the quality of life for individuals with various diseases by limiting complications & disabilities, restoring function, and slowing/stopping the progression of a disease TERM 6 stress DEFINITION 6 the nonspecific response to demands placed on the body TERM 7 eustress DEFINITION 7 positive stress that produces a sense of well-being; a healthy component of daily life TERM 8 distress DEFINITION 8 negative stress; physically/mentally damaging response to the demands placed on the body TERM 9 anorexia nervosa DEFINITION 9 a state of starvation & emaciation, usually resulting from severe dieting & excessive exercise TERM 10 bulimia nervosa DEFINITION 10 a process of bingeing and purging TERM 21 myocardial infarction DEFINITION 21 heart attack TERM 22 angina pectoris DEFINITION 22 condition caused by insufficient blood flow to the heart muscle that results in severe chest pain TERM 23 atherosclerosis DEFINITION 23 a build-up of fatty deposits causing blockage within the blood vessel TERM 24 aerobic exercise DEFINITION 24 activity that requires the body to supply oxygen to support performance over a period of time; characterized by the use of the large muscle groups in a rhythmic mode with an invrease in respiration & heart rate TERM 25 anaerobic exercise DEFINITION 25 exercise performed at intensity levels so great that the body's demand for oxygen exceeds its ability to supply it; usually short in duration, high intensity, & result in production of blood lactate TERM 26 glycogen DEFINITION 26 carbohydrates stored within the muscles that provides energy for anaerobic activity TERM 27 FITT DEFINITION 27 exercise Frequency, Intensity, Time, & Type TERM 28 components of an exercise session DEFINITION 28 warm-up, pre-stretch, activity, cooldown & stretch TERM 29 VO2Max DEFINITION 29 Maximum oxygen uptake: measure of the max amount of oxygen that an individual can utilize per minute of physical activity; expressed as mL of oxygen per kilogram of body weight per minute (mL/kg/min) TERM 30 muscular strength DEFINITION 30 the force or tension a muscle or muscle group can exert against a resistance in one maximal effort TERM 31 muscular endurance DEFINITION 31 the ability or capacity of a muscle group to perform repeated contractions against a load, or to sustain a contraction for an extended period of time TERM 32 functional movement DEFINITION 32 exercise based on real-life movement TERM 33 the "core" DEFINITION 33 pelvic floor muscles, abdominal wall, back muscles, hip muscles, lats & glutes TERM 34 ballistic stretching DEFINITION 34 involves dynamic movements, aka "bouncing" TERM 35 static stretching DEFINITION 35 slowly moving the joint to the point of mild discomfort in the & maintaining that angle for approximately 30 seconds before allowing the muscle to relax TERM 46 peripheral vascular disease DEFINITION 46 disease of the peripheral vessels TERM 47 hypertension DEFINITION 47 high blood pressure; the "silent killer" TERM 48 diabetes DEFINITION 48 disorder that involves high blood sugar levels & inadequate insulin production by the pancreas or inadequate utilization of insulin by the cells TERM 49 metabolic syndrome DEFINITION 49 a "cluster" of cardiovascular risk factors including overweight/obesity, high blood pressure, elevated triglycerides, low levels of high-density lipoprotein, & high fasting glucose levels TERM 50 osteoporosis DEFINITION 50 a disease characterized by low bone density & structural deterioration of bone tissue TERM 51 resorption DEFINITION 51 where old bone is removed TERM 52 formation DEFINITION 52 how new bone is formed TERM 53 amenorrhea DEFINITION 53 absence of menstruation, can signal low body fat or an eating disorder TERM 54 macronutrients DEFINITION 54 provide energy in the form of calories: carbs, fats, & proteins TERM 55 micronutrients DEFINITION 55 regulate bodily functions such as metabolism, growth, & cellular development: vitamins & minerals TERM 56 complex carbohydrates DEFINITION 56 (4 calories/g), nutritionally dense, & are a rich source of vitamins/minerals/water; provide body w/ steady source of energy for hours TERM 57 dietary fiber DEFINITION 57 aka roughage/bulk; type of complex carb present mainly in leaves, roots, skins, & seeds -- the part of a plant that's not digested in the small intestine TERM 58 soluble fiber DEFINITION 58 dissolves in water; helps body excrete fats & has been shown to reduce levels of blood cholesterol & blood sugar, + helping to control diabetes TERM 59 insoluble fiber DEFINITION 59 can't be digested by body; causes softer/bulkier stool that increases peristalsis & decreases risk of colon cancer TERM 60 simple carbohydrates DEFINITION 60 sugars that have little nutritive value beyond their energy content; "empty calories" TERM 71 set-point theory DEFINITION 71 the body regulates metabolism to maintain a certain weight (like a thermostat) TERM 72 BMI DEFINITION 72 body mass index: ratio b/t height & weight to determine if body weight falls within a healthy range; >25 is considered overweight, >30 is considered obese TERM 73 body composition DEFINITION 73 a measure of health estimating the amount of fat mass relative to the lean body mass TERM 74 overweight DEFINITION 74 an excess of body weight to some height standard, or BMI of 25-30 TERM 75 obesity DEFINITION 75 excess fat with an accompanying loss of function & increase in health problems TERM 76 creeping obesity DEFINITION 76 a gradual increase of % body fat as activity decreases with age TERM 77 yo-yo dieting DEFINITION 77 fast weight loss is often followed by fast weight gain; can make it more difficult to lose weight in the future TERM 78 appetite suppressants DEFINITION 78 claim to help diminish a person's appetite, cut cravings, & increase overall energy & possibly increase metabolism TERM 79 metabolism boosters DEFINITION 79 various supplements that speed up or boost an individual's basal metabolism