HEALTH SCI 101 NCLEX_ANSWERS_EXPLAINED Q & As LATEST UPDATE 2023/2024 GRADED A+, Exams of Nursing

Download HEALTH SCI 101 NCLEX_ANSWERS_EXPLAINED Q & As LATEST UPDATE 2023/2024 GRADED A+ and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! Question 1 HEALTH SCI 101 NCLEX_ANSWERS_EXPLAINED Q & As LATEST UPDATE 2023/2024 GRADED A+ An agitated, confused female client arrives in the emergency department. Her history includes type 1 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and angina pectoris. Assessment reveals pallor, diaphoresis, headache, and intense hunger. A stat blood glucose sample measures 42 mg/dl, and the client is treated for an acute hypoglycemic reaction. After recovery, the nurse teaches the client to treat hypoglycemia by ingesting: 10 to 15 g of a simple carbohydrate. 18 to 20 g of a simple carbohydrate. 25 to 30 g of a simple carbohydrate. Question 1 Explanation: To reverse hypoglycemia, the American Diabetes Association recommends ingesting 10 to 15 g of a simple carbohydrate, such as three to five pieces of hard candy, two to three packets of sugar (4 to 6 tsp), or 4 oz of fruit juice. If necessary, this treatment can be repeated in 15 minutes. Ingesting only 2 to 5 g of a simple carbohydrate may not raise the blood glucose level sufficiently. Ingesting more than 15 g may raise it above normal, causing hyperglycemia. Question 2 A female adult client with a history of chronic hyperparathyroidism admits to HEALTH SCI 101 NCLEX_ANSWERS_EXPLAINED Q & As LATEST UPDATE 2023/2024 GRADED A+ 2 to 5 g of a simple carbohydrate. Related to edema and dry skin secondary to fluid infiltration into the interstitial spaces HEALTH SCI 101 NCLEX_ANSWERS_EXPLAINED Q & As LATEST UPDATE 2023/2024 GRADED A+ being noncompliant. Based on initial assessment findings, the nurse formulates the nursing diagnosis of Risk for injury. To complete the nursing diagnosis statement for this client, which “related-to” phrase should the nurse add? Related to bone demineralization resulting in pathologic fractures Related to exhaustion secondary to an accelerated metabolic rate Related to tetany secondary to a decreased serum calcium level Question 2 Explanation: Poorly controlled hyperparathyroidism may cause an elevated serum calcium level. This, in turn, may diminish calcium stores in the bone, causing bone demineralization and setting the stage for pathologic fractures and a risk for injury. Hyperparathyroidism doesn’t accelerate the metabolic rate. A decreased thyroid hormone level, not an increased parathyroid hormone level, may cause edema and dry skin secondary to fluid infiltration into the interstitial spaces. Hyperparathyroidism causes hypercalcemia, not hypocalcemia; therefore, it isn’t associated with tetany. Question 3 Nurse Joey is assigned to care for a postoperative male client who has diabetes mellitus. During the assessment interview, the client reports that he’s impotent and says he’s concerned about its effect on his marriage. In planning this client’s care, the most appropriate intervention would be to: HEALTH SCI 101 NCLEX_ANSWERS_EXPLAINED Q & As LATEST UPDATE 2023/2024 GRADED A+ HEALTH SCI 101 NCLEX_ANSWERS_EXPLAINED Q & As LATEST UPDATE 2023/2024 GRADED A+ Leg cramps Tachycardia Blurred vision Question 6 Explanation: Levothyroxine, a synthetic thyroid hormone, is given to a client with hypothyroidism to simulate the effects of thyroxine. Adverse effects of this agent include tachycardia. The other options aren’t associated with levothyroxine. Question 7 A 67-year-old male client has been complaining of sleeping more, increased urination, anorexia, weakness, irritability, depression, and bone pain that interferes with her going outdoors. Based on these assessment findings, nurse Richard would suspect which of the following disorders? Diabetes insipidus Hypoparathyroidism Hyperparathyroidism Question 7 Explanation: Hyperparathyroidism is most common in older women and is characterized by bone pain and weakness from excess parathyroid hormone (PTH). Clients also exhibit hypercaliuria-causing polyuria. While clients with diabetes mellitus and HEALTH SCI 101 NCLEX_ANSWERS_EXPLAINED Q & As LATEST UPDATE 2023/2024 GRADED A+ Diabetes mellitus HEALTH SCI 101 NCLEX_ANSWERS_EXPLAINED Q & As LATEST UPDATE 2023/2024 GRADED A+ diabetes insipidus also have polyuria, they don’t have bone pain and increased sleeping. Hypoparathyroidism is characterized by urinary frequency rather than polyuria. Question 8 When caring for a male client with diabetes insipidus, nurse Juliet expects to administer: vasopressin (Pitressin Synthetic). furosemide (Lasix). 10% dextrose. Question 8 Explanation: Because diabetes insipidus results from decreased antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) production, the nurse should expect to administer synthetic vasopressin for hormone replacement therapy. Furosemide, a diuretic, is contraindicated because a client with diabetes insipidus experiences polyuria. Insulin and dextrose are used to treat diabetes mellitus and its complications, not diabetes insipidus. Question 9 The nurse is aware that the following is the most common cause of hyperaldosteronism? Excessive sodium intake HEALTH SCI 101 NCLEX_ANSWERS_EXPLAINED Q & As LATEST UPDATE 2023/2024 GRADED A+ regular insulin. Deficient potassium intake Question 10 WRONG HEALTH SCI 101 NCLEX_ANSWERS_EXPLAINED Q & As LATEST UPDATE 2023/2024 GRADED A+ A pituitary adenoma An adrenal adenoma Question 9 Explanation: An autonomous aldosterone-producing adenoma is the most common cause of hyperaldosteronism. Hyperplasia is the second most frequent cause. Aldosterone secretion is independent of sodium and potassium intake as well as of pituitary stimulation. A male client with type 1 diabetes mellitus has a highly elevated glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb) test result. In discussing the result with the client, nurse Sharmaine would be most accurate in stating: “The test needs to be repeated following a 12-hour fast.” “It looks like you aren’t following the prescribed diabetic diet.” “It tells us about your sugar control for the last 3 months.” “Your insulin regimen needs to be altered significantly.” Question 10 Explanation: The glycosylated Hb test provides an objective measure of glycemic control over a 3-month period. The test helps identify trends or practices that impair glycemic control, and it doesn’t require a fasting period before blood is drawn. The nurse can’t conclude that the result occurs from poor dietary management HEALTH SCI 101 NCLEX_ANSWERS_EXPLAINED Q & As LATEST UPDATE 2023/2024 GRADED A+ HEALTH SCI 101 NCLEX_ANSWERS_EXPLAINED Q & As LATEST UPDATE 2023/2024 GRADED A+ When instructing the female client diagnosed with hyperparathyroidism about diet, nurse Gina should stress the importance of which of the following? Restricting sodium Forcing fluids Restricting potassium Question 13 Explanation: The client should be encouraged to force fluids to prevent renal calculi formation. Sodium should be encouraged to replace losses in urine. Restricting potassium isn’t necessary in hyperparathyroidism. Question 14 Which nursing diagnosis takes highest priority for a female client with hyperthyroidism? Risk for imbalanced nutrition: More than body requirements related to thyroid hormone excess Risk for impaired skin integrity related to edema, skin fragility, and poor wound healing Imbalanced nutrition: Less than body requirements related to thyroid hormone excess HEALTH SCI 101 NCLEX_ANSWERS_EXPLAINED Q & As LATEST UPDATE 2023/2024 GRADED A+ Question 13 Restricting fluids Body image disturbance related to weight gain and edema HEALTH SCI 101 NCLEX_ANSWERS_EXPLAINED Q & As LATEST UPDATE 2023/2024 GRADED A+ Question 14 Explanation: In the client with hyperthyroidism, excessive thyroid hormone production leads to hypermetabolism and increased nutrient metabolism. These conditions may result in a negative nitrogen balance, increased protein synthesis and breakdown, decreased glucose tolerance, and fat mobilization and depletion. This puts the client at risk for marked nutrient and calorie deficiency, making Imbalanced nutrition: Less than body requirements the most important nursing diagnosis. Options B and C may be appropriate for a client with hypothyroidism, which slows the metabolic rate. Question 15 A male client with a tentative diagnosis of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS) has a history of type 2 diabetes that is being controlled with an oral diabetic agent, tolazamide (Tolinase). Which of the following is the most important laboratory test for confirming this disorder? Serum potassium level Serum sodium level Serum osmolarity Question 15 Explanation: Serum osmolarity is the most important test for confirming HHNS; it’s also used to guide treatment strategies and determine evaluation criteria. A client with HHNS typically has a serum HEALTH SCI 101 NCLEX_ANSWERS_EXPLAINED Q & As LATEST UPDATE 2023/2024 GRADED A+ Arterial blood gas (ABG) values “You’ll need less insulin when you increase your food intake.” HEALTH SCI 101 NCLEX_ANSWERS_EXPLAINED Q & As LATEST UPDATE 2023/2024 GRADED A+ osmolarity of more than 350 mOsm/L. Serum potassium, serum sodium, and ABG values are also measured, but they aren’t as important as serum osmolarity for confirming a diagnosis of HHNS. A client with HHNS typically has hypernatremia and osmotic diuresis. ABG values reveal acidosis, and the potassium level is variable. A male client has just been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. When teaching the client and family how diet and exercise affect insulin requirements, Nurse Joy should include which guideline? “You’ll need less insulin when you exercise or reduce your food intake.” “You’ll need more insulin when you exercise or decrease your food intake.” Question 16 Explanation: Exercise, reduced food intake, hypothyroidism, and certain medications decrease the insulin requirements. Growth, pregnancy, greater food intake, stress, surgery, infection, illness, increased insulin antibodies, and certain medications increase the insulin requirements. HEALTH SCI 101 NCLEX_ANSWERS_EXPLAINED Q & As LATEST UPDATE 2023/2024 GRADED A+ Question 16 Question 17 “You’ll need more insulin when you exercise or increase your food intake.” HEALTH SCI 101 NCLEX_ANSWERS_EXPLAINED Q & As LATEST UPDATE 2023/2024 GRADED A+ should never be frozen because the insulin protein molecules may be damaged. Intermediate- acting insulin is normally cloudy. Nurse Perry is caring for a female client with type 1 diabetes mellitus who exhibits confusion, light-headedness, and aberrant behavior. The client is still conscious. The nurse should first administer: I.V. bolus of dextrose 50%. 15 to 20 g of a fast-acting carbohydrate such as orange juice. 10 U of fast-acting insulin. Question 19 Explanation: This client is having a hypoglycemic episode. Because the client is conscious, the nurse should first administer a fast-acting carbohydrate, such as orange juice, hard candy, or honey. If the client has lost consciousness, the nurse should administer either I.M. or subcutaneous glucagon or an I.V. bolus of dextrose 50%. The nurse shouldn’t administer insulin to a client who’s hypoglycemic; this action will further compromise the client’s condition. Question 20 For the first 72 hours after thyroidectomy surgery, nurse Jamie would assess HEALTH SCI 101 NCLEX_ANSWERS_EXPLAINED Q & As LATEST UPDATE 2023/2024 GRADED A+ I.M. or subcutaneous glucagon. HEALTH SCI 101 NCLEX_ANSWERS_EXPLAINED Q & As LATEST UPDATE 2023/2024 GRADED A+ the female client for Chvostek’s sign and Trousseau’s sign because they indicate which of the following? Hypercalcemia Hypokalemia Hyperkalemia Question 20 Explanation: The client who has undergone a thyroidectomy is at risk for developing hypocalcemia from inadvertent removal or damage to the parathyroid gland. The client with hypocalcemia will exhibit a positive Chvostek’s sign (facial muscle contraction when the facial nerve in front of the ear is tapped) and a positive Trousseau’s sign (carpal spasm when a blood pressure cuff is inflated for a few minutes). These signs aren’t present with hypercalcemia, hypokalemia, or hyperkalemia. HEALTH SCI 101 NCLEX_ANSWERS_EXPLAINED Q & As LATEST UPDATE 2023/2024 GRADED A+ Hypocalcemia Myxedema coma. Question 21 Question 22 HEALTH SCI 101 NCLEX_ANSWERS_EXPLAINED Q & As LATEST UPDATE 2023/2024 GRADED A+ An incoherent female client with a history of hypothyroidism is brought to the emergency department by the rescue squad. Physical and laboratory findings reveal hypothermia, hypoventilation, respiratory acidosis, bradycardia, hypotension, and nonpitting edema of the face and pretibial area. Knowing that these findings suggest severe hypothyroidism, nurse Libby prepares to take emergency action to prevent the potential complication of: Cretinism. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Question 21 Explanation: Severe hypothyroidism may result in myxedema coma, in which a drastic drop in the metabolic rate causes decreased vital signs, hypoventilation (possibly leading to respiratory acidosis), and nonpitting edema. Thyroid storm is an acute complication of hyperthyroidism. Cretinism is a form of hypothyroidism that occurs in infants. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the thyroid gland in which autoimmune factors play a prominent role. A male client with type 1 diabetes mellitus asks the nurse about taking an oral antidiabetic agent. Nurse Jack explains that these medications are only HEALTH SCI 101 NCLEX_ANSWERS_EXPLAINED Q & As LATEST UPDATE 2023/2024 GRADED A+ Thyroid storm. Prescribe an additional oral antidiabetic agent. Question 24 HEALTH SCI 101 NCLEX_ANSWERS_EXPLAINED Q & As LATEST UPDATE 2023/2024 GRADED A+ arrhythmias; it doesn’t cause hypoglycemia. Prednisone, a corticosteroid, is associated with hyperglycemia. Lithium may cause transient hyperglycemia, not hypoglycemia. After taking glipizide (Glucotrol) for 9 months, a male client experiences secondary failure. Which of the following would the nurse expect the physician to do? Initiate insulin therapy. Switch the client to a different oral antidiabetic agent. Restrict carbohydrate intake to less than 30% of the total caloric intake. Question 24 Explanation: Many clients (25% to 60%) with secondary failure respond to a different oral antidiabetic agent. Therefore, it wouldn’t be appropriate to initiate insulin therapy at this time. However, if a new oral antidiabetic agent is unsuccessful in keeping glucose levels at an acceptable level, insulin may be used in addition to the antidiabetic agent. Question 25 During preoperative teaching for a female client who will undergo subtotal thyroidectomy, the nurse should include which statement? “You should avoid deep breathing and coughing after surgery.” HEALTH SCI 101 NCLEX_ANSWERS_EXPLAINED Q & As LATEST UPDATE 2023/2024 GRADED A+ “The head of your bed must remain flat for 24 hours after surgery.” HEALTH SCI 101 NCLEX_ANSWERS_EXPLAINED Q & As LATEST UPDATE 2023/2024 GRADED A+ “You won’t be able to swallow for the first day or two.” “You must avoid hyperextending your neck after surgery.” Question 25 Explanation: To prevent undue pressure on the surgical incision after subtotal thyroidectomy, the nurse should advise the client to avoid hyperextending the neck. The client may elevate the head of the bed as desired and should perform deep breathing and coughing to help prevent pneumonia. Subtotal thyroidectomy doesn’t affect swallowing. Question 26 Nurse Ronn is assessing a client with possible Cushing’s syndrome. In a client with Cushing’s syndrome, the nurse would expect to find: Thick, coarse skin. Deposits of adipose tissue in the trunk and dorsocervical area. Weight gain in arms and legs. Question 26 Explanation: Because of changes in fat distribution, adipose tissue accumulates in the trunk, face (moonface), and dorsocervical areas (buffalo hump). Hypertension is caused by fluid retention. Skin becomes HEALTH SCI 101 NCLEX_ANSWERS_EXPLAINED Q & As LATEST UPDATE 2023/2024 GRADED A+ Hypotension. Question 27 HEALTH SCI 101 NCLEX_ANSWERS_EXPLAINED Q & As LATEST UPDATE 2023/2024 GRADED A+ thin and bruises easily because of a loss of collagen. Muscle wasting causes muscle atrophy and thin extremities. A male client with primary diabetes insipidus is ready for discharge on desmopressin (DDAVP). Which instruction should nurse Lina provide? “Your condition isn’t chronic, so you won’t need to wear a medical identification bracelet.” “You may not be able to use desmopressin nasally if you have nasal discharge or blockage.” “You won’t need to monitor your fluid intake and output after you start taking desmopressin.” Question 27 Explanation: Desmopressin may not be absorbed if the intranasal route is compromised. Although diabetes insipidus is treatable, the client should wear medical identification and carry medication at all times to alert medical personnel in an emergency and ensure proper treatment. The client must continue to monitor fluid intake and output and receive adequate fluid replacement. Question 28 Nurse Wayne is aware that a positive Chvostek’s sign indicate? Hypocalcemia HEALTH SCI 101 NCLEX_ANSWERS_EXPLAINED Q & As LATEST UPDATE 2023/2024 GRADED A+ “Administer desmopressin while the suspension is cold.” It interacts with plasma membrane receptors to produce enzymatic actions that affect protein, fat, and carbohydrate metabolism. Question 30 Question 31 HEALTH SCI 101 NCLEX_ANSWERS_EXPLAINED Q & As LATEST UPDATE 2023/2024 GRADED A+ common in Cushing’s syndrome; therefore, with successful treatment, abnormal hair growth also declines. Osteoporosis occurs in Cushing’s syndrome; therefore, with successful treatment, bone mineralization increases. Amenorrhea develops in Cushing’s syndrome. With successful treatment, the client experiences a return of menstrual flow, not a decline in it. A male client has recently undergone surgical removal of a pituitary tumor. Dr. Wong prescribes corticotropin (Acthar), 20 units I.M. q.i.d. as a replacement therapy. What is the mechanism of action of corticotropin? It interacts with plasma membrane receptors to inhibit enzymatic actions. It regulates t e threshold for water resorption in the kidneys. Question 30 Explanation: Corticotropin interacts with plasma membrane receptors to produce enzymatic actions that affect protein, fat, and carbohydrate metabolism. It doesn’t decrease cAMP production. The posterior pituitary hormone, antidiuretic hormone, regulates the threshold for water resorption in the kidneys. Capillary glucose monitoring is being performed every 4 hours for a female HEALTH SCI 101 NCLEX_ANSWERS_EXPLAINED Q & As LATEST UPDATE 2023/2024 GRADED A+ It decreases cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production and affects the metabolic rate of target organs. HEALTH SCI 101 NCLEX_ANSWERS_EXPLAINED Q & As LATEST UPDATE 2023/2024 GRADED A+ client diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis. Insulin is administered using a scale of regular insulin according to glucose results. At 2 p.m., the client has a capillary glucose level of 250 mg/dl for which he receives 8 U of regular insulin. Nurse Vince should expect the dose’s: Onset to be at 2:15 p.m. and its peak to be at 3 p.m. Onset to be at 2:30 p.m. and its peak to be at 4 p.m. Onset to be at 4 p.m. and its peak to be at 6 p.m. Question 31 Explanation: Regular insulin, which is a short-acting insulin, has an onset of 15 to 30 minutes and a peak of 2 to 4 hours. Because the nurse gave the insulin at 2 p.m., the expected onset would be from 2:15 p.m. to 2:30 p.m. and the peak from 4 p.m. to 6 p.m. Question 32 A female client with Cushing’s syndrome is admitted to the medical-surgical unit. During the admission assessment, nurse Tyzz notes that the client is agitated and irritable, has poor memory, reports loss of appetite, and appears disheveled. These findings are consistent with which problem? HEALTH SCI 101 NCLEX_ANSWERS_EXPLAINED Q & As LATEST UPDATE 2023/2024 GRADED A+ Onset to be at 2 p.m. and its peak to be at 3 p.m. Depression HEALTH SCI 101 NCLEX_ANSWERS_EXPLAINED Q & As LATEST UPDATE 2023/2024 GRADED A+ Neuropathy Hypoglycemia Hyperthyroidism Question 32 Explanation: Agitation, irritability, poor memory, loss of appetite, and neglect of one’s appearance may signal depression, which is common in clients with Cushing’s syndrome. Neuropathy affects clients with diabetes mellitus — not Cushing’s syndrome. Although hypoglycemia can cause irritability, it also produces increased appetite, rather than loss of appetite. Hyperthyroidism typically causes such signs as goiter, nervousness, heat intolerance, and weight loss despite increased appetite. Question 33 Nurse Ruth is assessing a client after a thyroidectomy. The assessment reveals muscle twitching and tingling, along with numbness in the fingers, toes, and mouth area. The nurse should suspect which complication? Hemorrhage Thyroid storm Laryngeal nerve damage Question 33 Explanation: Tetany may result if the parathyroid glands are excised or damaged during HEALTH SCI 101 NCLEX_ANSWERS_EXPLAINED Q & As LATEST UPDATE 2023/2024 GRADED A+ Tetany HEALTH SCI 101 NCLEX_ANSWERS_EXPLAINED Q & As LATEST UPDATE 2023/2024 GRADED A+ Question 36 Explanation: Pheochromocytoma causes excessive production of epinephrine and norepinephrine, natural catecholamines that raise the blood pressure. Phentolamine, an alpha-adrenergic blocking agent given by I.V. bolus or drip, antagonizes the body’s response to circulating epinephrine and norepinephrine, reducing blood pressure quickly and effectively. Although methyldopa is an antihypertensive agent available in parenteral form, it isn’t effective in treating hypertensive emergencies. Mannitol, a diuretic, isn’t used to treat hypertensive emergencies. Felodipine, an antihypertensive agent, is available only in extended-release tablets and therefore doesn’t reduce blood pressure quickly enough to correct hypertensive crisis. Question 37 A male client with a history of hypertension is diagnosed with primary hyperaldosteronism. This diagnosis indicates that the client’s hypertension is caused by excessive hormone secretion from which of the following glands? Pancreas Adrenal medulla Parathyroid HEALTH SCI 101 NCLEX_ANSWERS_EXPLAINED Q & As LATEST UPDATE 2023/2024 GRADED A+ Adrenal cortex Urinary retention Question 38 Question 39 HEALTH SCI 101 NCLEX_ANSWERS_EXPLAINED Q & As LATEST UPDATE 2023/2024 GRADED A+ Question 37 Explanation: Excessive secretion of aldosterone in the adrenal cortex is responsible for the client’s hypertension. This hormone acts on the renal tubule, where it promotes reabsorption of sodium and excretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. The pancreas mainly secretes hormones involved in fuel metabolism. The adrenal medulla secretes the catecholamines — epinephrine and norepinephrine. The parathyroids secrete parathyroid hormone. Nurse Troy is aware that the most appropriate for a client with Addison’s disease? Excessive fluid volume Hypothermia Question 38 Explanation: Addison’s disease decreases the production of all adrenal hormones, compromising the body’s normal stress response and increasing the risk of infection. Other appropriate nursing diagnoses for a client with Addison’s disease include Deficient fluid volume and Hyperthermia. Urinary retention isn’t appropriate because Addison’s disease causes polyuria. Acarbose (Precose), an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, is prescribed for a female client with type 2 diabetes mellitus. During discharge planning, nurse Pauleen HEALTH SCI 101 NCLEX_ANSWERS_EXPLAINED Q & As LATEST UPDATE 2023/2024 GRADED A+ Risk for infection HEALTH SCI 101 NCLEX_ANSWERS_EXPLAINED Q & As LATEST UPDATE 2023/2024 GRADED A+ would be aware of the client’s need for additional teaching when the client states: “The drug makes my pancreas release more insulin.” “I should never take insulin while I’m taking this drug.” “It’s best if I take the drug with the first bite of a meal.” Question 39 Explanation: Acarbose delays glucose absorption, so the client should take an oral form of dextrose rather than a product containing table sugar when treating hypoglycemia. The alpha-glucosidase inhibitors work by delaying the carbohydrate digestion and glucose absorption. It’s safe to be on a regimen that includes insulin and an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor. The client should take the drug at the start of a meal, not 30 minutes to an hour before. Question 40 A female client whose physical findings suggest a hyperpituitary condition undergoes an extensive diagnostic workup. Test results reveal a pituitary tumor, which necessitates a transsphenoidal hypophysectomy. The evening before the surgery, nurse Jacob reviews preoperative and postoperative instructions given to the client earlier. Which postoperative instruction should the nurse emphasize? “You must lie flat for 24 hours after surgery.” HEALTH SCI 101 NCLEX_ANSWERS_EXPLAINED Q & As LATEST UPDATE 2023/2024 GRADED A+ “If I have hypoglycemia, I should eat some sugar, not dextrose.” HEALTH SCI 101 NCLEX_ANSWERS_EXPLAINED Q & As LATEST UPDATE 2023/2024 GRADED A+ profuse perspiration, and hunger. Tetany typically causes uncontrollable muscle spasms, stridor, cyanosis, and possibly asphyxia. Question 44 For a male client with hyperglycemia, which assessment finding best supports a nursing diagnosis of Deficient fluid volume? Cool, clammy skin Distended neck veins Decreased serum sodium level Question 44 Explanation: In hyperglycemia, urine osmolarity (the measurement of dissolved particles in the urine) increases as glucose particles move into the urine. The client experiences glucosuria and polyuria, losing body fluids and experiencing fluid volume deficit. Cool, clammy skin; distended neck veins; and a decreased serum sodium level are signs of fluid volume excess, the opposite imbalance. Question 45 When assessing a male client with pheochromocytoma, a tumor of the adrenal medulla that secretes excessive catecholamine, nurse April is most likely to detect: HEALTH SCI 101 NCLEX_ANSWERS_EXPLAINED Q & As LATEST UPDATE 2023/2024 GRADED A+ Increased urine osmolarity HEALTH SCI 101 NCLEX_ANSWERS_EXPLAINED Q & As LATEST UPDATE 2023/2024 GRADED A+ a blood glucose level of 130 mg/dl. bradycardia. a blood pressure of 176/88 mm Hg. Question 45 Explanation: Pheochromocytoma, a tumor of the adrenal medulla that secretes excessive catecholamine, causes hypertension, tachycardia, hyperglycemia, hypermetabolism, and weight loss. It isn’t associated with the other options. Question 46 A male client is admitted for treatment of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Which nursing intervention is appropriate? Infusing I.V. fluids rapidly as ordered Encouraging increased oral intake Administering glucose-containing I.V. fluids as ordered Question 46 Explanation: To reduce water retention in a client with the SIADH, the nurse should restrict fluids. Administering fluids by any route would further increase the client’s HEALTH SCI 101 NCLEX_ANSWERS_EXPLAINED Q & As LATEST UPDATE 2023/2024 GRADED A+ Restricting fluids a blood pressure of 130/70 mm Hg. Hegar’s sign. HEALTH SCI 101 NCLEX_ANSWERS_EXPLAINED Q & As LATEST UPDATE 2023/2024 GRADED A+ already heightened fluid load. Question 47 A female client has a serum calcium level of 7.2 mg/dl. During the physical examination, nurse Noah expects to assess: Trousseau’s sign. Homans’ sign. Goodell’s sign. Question 47 Explanation: This client’s serum calcium level indicates hypocalcemia, an electrolyte imbalance that causes Trousseau’s sign (carpopedal spasm induced by inflating the blood pressure cuff above systolic pressure). Homans’ sign (pain on dorsiflexion of the foot) indicates deep vein thrombosis. Hegar’s sign (softening of the uterine isthmus) and Goodell’s sign (cervical softening) are probable signs of pregnancy. Question 48 Which outcome indicates that treatment of a male client with diabetes HEALTH SCI 101 NCLEX_ANSWERS_EXPLAINED Q & As LATEST UPDATE 2023/2024 GRADED A+ HEALTH SCI 101 NCLEX_ANSWERS_EXPLAINED Q & As LATEST UPDATE 2023/2024 GRADED A+ Question 49 Explanation: Acromegaly, which is caused by a pituitary tumor that releases excessive growth hormone, is associated with hyperglycemia, hypertension, diaphoresis, peripheral neuropathy, and joint pain. Enlarged hands and feet are related to lateral bone growth, which is seen in adults with this disorder. The accompanying soft tissue swelling causes hoarseness and often sleep apnea. Type 1 diabetes is usually seen in children, and newly diagnosed persons are usually very ill and thin. Hypothyroidism isn’t associated with hyperglycemia, nor is growth hormone deficiency. Question 50 Nurse Kate is providing dietary instructions to a male client with hypoglycemia. To control hypoglycemic episodes, the nurse should recommend: Increasing intake of vitamins B and D and taking iron supplements. Eating a candy bar if lightheadedness occurs. Consuming a low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet and avoiding fasting. Explanation: To control hypoglycemic episodes, the nurse should instruct the client to consume a low- carbohydrate, high-protein diet, avoid fasting, and avoid simple sugars. Increasing saturated fat intake and increasing vitamin supplementation wouldn’t help control hypoglycemia. HEALTH SCI 101 NCLEX_ANSWERS_EXPLAINED Q & As LATEST UPDATE 2023/2024 GRADED A+ Increasing saturated fat intake and fasting in the afternoon. HEALTH SCI 101 NCLEX_ANSWERS_EXPLAINED Q & As LATEST UPDATE 2023/2024 GRADED A+ HEALTH SCI 101 NCLEX_ANSWERS_EXPLAINED Q & As LATEST UPDATE 2023/2024 GRADED A+