Heroes | CLASS 40 - GREEK MYTHOLOGY, Quizzes of Classical Literature

Download Heroes | CLASS 40 - GREEK MYTHOLOGY and more Quizzes Classical Literature in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Io DEFINITION 1 was a priestess of Hera in Argos,[1] a nymph who was seduced by Zeus, who changed her into a heifer to escape detection. Her mistress Hera set ever-watchful Argus Panoptes to guard her, but Hermes was sent to distract the guardian and slay him. Heifer Io was loosed to roam the world, stung by a maddening gadfly sent by Hera, and wandered to Egypt, thus placing her descendant Belus in Egypt; his sons Cadmus and Danaus would thus "return" to mainland Greece. TERM 2 Perseus DEFINITION 2 King Acrisius of Argos was warned by an oracle that he would be killed in time by a son born to his daughter Danae. So he promptly locked Danae up in a tower and threw away the key. But the god Zeus got in, disguised as a shower of gold, with the result that Perseus was born. TERM 3 Cadmus DEFINITION 3 Cadmus or Kadmos (), in Greek, Roman and Phoenician mythologies, was a Phoenician prince, the son of king Agenor and queen Telephassa of Tyre and the brother of Phoenix, Cilix and Europa. He was originally sent by his royal parents to seek out and escort his sister Europa back to Tyre after she was abducted from the shores of Phoenicia by Zeus.[2] Cadmus founded the Greek city of Thebes, the acropolis of which was originally named Cadmeia in his honor. TERM 4 Oedipus DEFINITION 4 Oedipus ( in American English and in British English; Greek: Oidpous meaning "swollen-footed") was a mythical Greek king of Thebes. He fulfilled a prophecy that said he would kill his father and marry his mother, and thus brought disaster on his city and family. TERM 5 Agenor DEFINITION 5 Zeus saw Agenor's daughter Europa gathering flowers and immediately fell in love with her. Zeus transformed himself into a white bull and carried Europa away to the island of Crete. He then revealed his true identity and Europa became the first queen of Crete. Agenor, meanwhile, sent Europa's brothers, Cadmus and Cilix in search of her, telling them not to return without her. Cadmus consulted the oracle of Delphi and was advised to travel until encountering a cow. He was to follow this cow and to found a city where the cow would lie down; this city became Thebes. TERM 6 Cretes DEFINITION 6 Crete was the center of the Minoan civilization TERM 7 Minos DEFINITION 7 king of Crete, son of Zeus and Europa. insult to the gods eventuated in the birth of the Minotaur. When challenged to prove his right to the Cretan throne, Minos asked the gods to send him a sign. The deities instantly obliged, causing a beautiful white bull to emerge from the sea. Minos was so delighted that he decided not to offer the bull for sacrifice as was expected. Instead he substituted another bull from his herd. This displeased the sea god Poseidon so much that he made Minos' wife fall in love with the bull from the sea. The Minotaur was born as a result. TERM 8 Laius DEFINITION 8 Laios of Thebes was a divine hero and key personage in the Theban founding myth. Son of Labdacus, he was raised by the regent Lycus after the death of his father. After the rape of Chrysippus, Laius married Jocasta or Epicasta, the daughter of Menoeceus, a descendant of the Spartoi. Laius received an oracle from Delphi which told him that he must not have a child with his wife, or the child would kill him and marry her. One night, however, Laius was drunk and fathered Oedipus TERM 9 Jocasta DEFINITION 9 She was the wife of Laius. Wife and mother of Oedipus by Laius, and both mother and grandmother of Antigone, Eteocles, Polynices and Ismene by Oedipus. She was also sister of Creon. TERM 10 Sphinx DEFINITION 10 the Sphinx sat outside of Thebes and asked this riddle of all travelers who passed by. If the traveler failed to solve the riddle, then the Sphinx killed him/her. And if the traveler answered the riddle correctly, then the Sphinx would destroy herself. The riddle: What goes on four legs in the morning, on two legs at noon, and on three legs in the evening? Oedipus solved the riddle, and the Sphinx destroyed herself. TERM 21 Shirt of Nessus DEFINITION 21 it is the shirt (chiton) daubed with the tainted blood of the centaur Nessus that Deianeira, Hercules' wife, navely gave Hercules, burning him, and driving him to throw himself onto a funeral pyre. TERM 22 Iole DEFINITION 22 was the daughter of Eurytus, king of Oechalia. Iole was claimed by Heracles for a bride, but Eurytus refused her hand in marriage. Iole was indirectly the cause of Heracles's death because of his wife's jealousy of her TERM 23 How Lole caused Heracle death DEFINITION 23 Deianira feared she would lose Heracles to the younger and more beautiful Iole.Years earlier, the centaur Nessus had ferried her across the river Evenus and attempted to rape her when on the other side. Heracles saved her from Nessus by shooting him with poisoned arrows.She had kept some of Nessus' blood, because he had told her with his dying breath that if she were to give Heracles a cloak (chiton) soaked in his blood that it would be a love charm. prom to win him back from Iole, the foreign concubine. The cloak was delivered to Heracles and when he put it on the poison went into his body.[10] Deianira had unwittingly poisoned her husband with this purported love potion because of her jealousy of Iole. Upon realizing the mistake she had made, she ultimately killed herself.[7] Because of his love for Iole, Heracles asked that his eldest son, Hyllus, marry her so that she would be well taken care of.[2] Iole and Hyllus had a son called Cleodaeus, being the grandson of Heracles. TERM 24 THeseus DEFINITION 24 son of Aethra, and fathered by Aegeus and Poseidon, both of whom Aethra lay with in one night. TERM 25 Story of Minotaur DEFINITION 25 King Minos of Crete had waged war with the Athenians, succesful. at nine-year intervals, seven Athenian boys and seven Athenian girls were to be sent to Crete to be devoured by the Minotaur, a half-man, half-bull monster that lived in the Labyrinth created by Daedalus. Theseus volunteered to slay the monster. He took the place of one of the youths and set off with a black sail, promising to his father, Aegeus, that if successful he would return with a white sail. After decapitating the beast, Theseus used the string to escape the Labyrinth and managed to escape with all of the young Athenians and Ariadne - and her little sister Phaidra too. On the return journey Theseus abandoned Ariadne on the island of Naxos TERM 26 Hippolyte DEFINITION 26 Hippolyta first appears in myth when she encounters Theseus, king of Athens, who was accompanying Heracles on his quest against the Amazons. Though Hippolyta gave birth to a son, Hippolytus, to Theseus, she was cast off when Theseus courted Phaedra TERM 27 Phaedra DEFINITION 27 Though married to Theseus, Phaedra fell in love with Hippolytus, Her stepson Aphrodite made Phaedra fall in love with him as a punishment.[1] He rejected her. Alternatively, Phaedra's nurse told Hippolytus of her love, and he swore he would not reveal her as a source of information. In revenge, Phaedra wrote Theseus a letter that claimed Hippolytus raped her. Theseus believed her and cursed Hippolytus with one of the three curses he had received from Poseidon TERM 28 Jason DEFINITION 28 was a late ancient Greek mythological hero, famous as the leader of the Argonauts and their quest for the Golden Fleece. He was the son of Aeson, the rightful king of Iolcus. He was married to the sorceress Medea. HIs uncle was Pelias, the King Iolcus TERM 29 Reason Jason Sent in quest of Golden Fleece DEFINITION 29 When Jason entered Iolcus he was announced as a man wearing one sandal. Jason, knowing that he was the rightful king, told Pelias that and Pelias said, "To take my throne, which you shall, you must go on a quest to find the Golden Fleece." Jason happily accepted the quest. TERM 30 Argo DEFINITION 30 the ship on which Jason and the Argonauts sailed from Iolcus to retrieve the Golden Fleece. TERM 31 Argonauts DEFINITION 31 were a band of heroes in the years before the Trojan War, accompanied Jason to Colchis in his quest to find the Golden Fleece. TERM 32 Colchis DEFINITION 32 Jason arrived in Colchis to claim the fleece as his own. King Aeetes of Colchis promised to give it to him only if he could perform three certain tasks TERM 33 Three Tasks at Colchis DEFINITION 33 First, Jason had to plow a field with fire-breathing oxen, the Khalkotauroi, that he had to yoke himself. Medea provided an ointment that protected him from the oxen's flames. Then, Jason sowed the teeth of a dragon into a field. The teeth sprouted into an army of warriors. Medea had previously warned Jason of this and told him how to defeat this foe. Before they attacked him, he threw a rock into the crowd. Unable to discover where the rock had come from, the soldiers attacked and defeated one another. His last task was to overcome the sleepless dragon which guarded the Golden Fleece. TERM 34 COnclusion of 3 tasks DEFINITION 34 Jason sprayed the dragon with a potion, given by Medea, distilled from herbs. The dragon fell asleep, and Jason was able to seize the Golden Fleece. He then sailed away with Medea. Medea distracted her father, who chased them as they fled, by killing her brother Apsyrtus and throwing pieces of his body into the sea TERM 35 Medea DEFINITION 35 KIng Aeetes' daughter. Fell in love with Jason.