HIEU 201 examinations for 2024 candidates with 100% marking scheme for best candidates, Exams of Religion

Download HIEU 201 examinations for 2024 candidates with 100% marking scheme for best candidates and more Exams Religion in PDF only on Docsity! HIEU 201 examinations for 2024 candidates with 100% marking scheme for best candidates Medieval Religion - Correct Answers Christianity: dominated every factor, synchronism- superstition existing alongside Medieval view of the universe - Correct Answers Platonist: two realms= heaven and earth Aristotle & Ptolemy: geocentric= earth is the center of the universe Great chain of being: heirchachle order to God Medieval universe: Platonist - Correct Answers two realms= heaven and earth Medieval universe: Aristotle & Ptolemy - Correct Answers geocentric= earth is the center of the universe Medieval universe: Great chain of being - Correct Answers heirchachle order to God= God, angels, man, animals, etc. Medieval view of the individual - Correct Answers 1. Created in God's image: emphasized access to God was broken with Adam and Eve, "helplessness" "sinful state" 2. Place in the great chain: thought God's message would go through hierarchy 3. Way of salvation: access God's grace through church 4. Ration thought guided by revelation Black Death - Correct Answers Originated from fleas on black rats. Started in Gobi desert, Mongolia. Moved to Russia. Then Sicily by ships. Spread by human contact. Mostly found in populated areas. Thought it was divine punishment for human sins. Massacres of Jews (not by Papacy). Caused production to plummet, letting people rise up and demand higher wages. Renaissance Art - Correct Answers Art as an expression, not craft. This type of art flourished from economic growth, social and intellectual developments, and the revival of interest of ancient Greek and roman culture. Imitate nature and classical/sculpture. Combines classical and medieval art. Freedom of expression and highly experimental. Da vinci-mary Botticelli- magi Ghirlandaio- birth of St. John Masaccio- trinity Machiavelli - Correct Answers First major modern political thinker "The Prince" Humanist (yes and no) Believed in a republic (admired ancient roman republic) His name became known as atheist and evil politician Jesuits - Correct Answers Founder: Ignatius of Loyola "Ministers of the Word": emphasis on preaching, studying the bible, evangelism "going fishing" Education: founded school's all over Europe Missions: most happened within Europe, setting up in a city and have a type of revival Council of Trent: goals - Correct Answers 1. Reform the church 2. Clarify disputed doctrine and condemn heresy 3. Restore peace and unity- wanted one church Council of Trent: doctrinal issues - Correct Answers 1. Justification 2. Authority: twofold, tradition of church and scripture were considered equal authority 3. Sacraments: affirmed all 7, Eucharist (real communion), asking St.’s to interceded for them by praying to them An educational program- a "renaissance" man was well rounded and educated, humanities-practical, emphasized rhetoric Medici family - Correct Answers Who: Cosmo (Godfather of the Renaissance) head of the Medici family (a banking family) economically supported Lorenzo in his goal to become pope What: paid for Lorenzo's "campaign" and in his winning became powerful bankers working for the pope When: Renaissance Where: Italy So what: fostered and inspired birth of the Italian renaissance, and the Medici bank was one of the most respected and prosperous banks in Europe "God's bankers." The sponsorship of art and architecture. Close with Michelangelo Erasmus - Correct Answers Most influential Christian humanist Writings: "Handbook of the Christian Soldier" (calls church back to the bible, attempt to explain philosophy of Christ's supremacy, calls lay people to reform, study scripture and pray personally which was a revolutionary idea of the time) but most famous for "Praise of Folly" (humorous: ridiculing scholastics, and calling to return to apostolic worship) Significance: Greek New Testament- published as a book for the first time, scholars where then able to discuss in depth and collaborate for better accuracy and understand, making the NT in its original language available to all, 1516 (Luther could use this which ignites his work, a def. connection) Luther's Teachings - Correct Answers Salvation by faith alone (cannot work for it or buy it) Scripture should be the basis (held more power than the authority of the church) No purgatory Pope's don't have the power to forgive Queen Elizabeth - Correct Answers Mother of England Used gender to advantage "Married to England" "Virgin queen" England becomes fully protestant Golden age Accomplishments: Being confident and not questioning her rule Religious settlement Moderation and experiences: "act of supremacy" done through a council to put Queen at head of church "Act of uniformity" revised to be more moderate, a little catholic and a little protestant "Thirty nine articles" a doctrinal statement, dropping the most anti-Catholic 1. Spanish threat Led king on 2. Political skill Master politician Sneaky Won the hearts of her people 3. Government Privy Council: reduced size, trusted and loyal, gave them power, consulted them in everything Parliament: only used when she had to, legitimized reformation Patronage: knew how to grant favors for her political gain, gave out many titles 4. Marriage Very sought after No heir but named a successor 5. Public image Master of PR- portraits Maintained personal contact with her people by "tours" Died 1603 Catholic/ Counter Reformation - Correct Answers Catholic: broader changes that took place were independent or parallel to the protestant reform Counter: reaction/response to the protestant reformation BOTH! Reform efforts before Luther, then slowed down before picking up after the protestant reform. 1. Pre-Luther reform: Archbishop of Toledo, Francisco, had a goal to reform clergy. To preach the Gospel, instruct children, believing the key was in education so he created a university promoting humanist learning. Complutensian Polyglot Bible: parallel bible w/ Heber, Greek, and Latin Christian humanist: Erasmus, a French NT published. Reforming popes before and after Luther Impact: Personal spirituality Quality of clergy Charitable outreach Missions across Europe and world (spiritual and strategic) Polyglot bible Christian humanist Reformation in Germany - Correct Answers Origin: revolt of peasants Major events: Schmalkaldic war- German nobles and princes, princes won. Defensive league. Resulted in the: Peace of Augsburg 1555, the prince decided what religion their town would be. Forces behind European expansion - Correct Answers 1. Economic: trade 2. Political: competition, centralized monarchy 3. Religious: converting other to Christianity (spiritual and strategic) 4. Technological: guns, ships, navigation 1492: the last Muslim stronghold at Granada was defeated, and the whole peninsula belonged to Spain for Christendom. Queen Isabella. Which allowed her to fund Columbus to expand Europe Impact of European Expansion - Correct Answers CORN!