High School Chemistry Test, Study notes of Chemistry

Download High School Chemistry Test and more Study notes Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity! XIX. Chemistry, High School 343 High School Chemistry Test The spring 2013 high school Chemistry test was based on learning standards in the Chemistry content strand of the Massachusetts Science and Technology/Engineering Curriculum Framework (2006). These learning standards appear on pages 69–73 of the Framework. The Science and Technology/Engineering Curriculum Framework is available on the Department website at www.doe.mass.edu/frameworks/current.html. Chemistry test results are reported under the following four MCAS reporting categories: ■ Atomic Structure and Periodicity ■ Bonding and Reactions ■ Properties of Matter and Thermochemistry ■ Solutions, Equilibrium, and Acid-Base Theory Test Sessions The high school Chemistry test included two separate test sessions, which were administered on consecutive days. Each session included multiple-choice and open-response questions. Reference Materials and Tools Each student taking the high school Chemistry test was provided with a Chemistry Formula and Constants Sheet/Periodic Table of the Elements. Copies of both sides of this formula sheet follow the final question in this chapter. Each student also had sole access to a calculator with at least four functions and a square-root key. The use of bilingual word-to-word dictionaries was allowed for current and former English language learner students only, during both Chemistry test sessions. No other reference tools or materials were allowed. Cross-Reference Information The table at the conclusion of this chapter indicates each item’s reporting category and the framework learning standard it assesses. The correct answers for multiple-choice questions are also displayed in the table. 346 Chemistry Session 1 MCAS_2013_Gr10_CHEM_RID ID:287594 A Common EQ  ●6 Which of the following statements describes what happens in a buffer solution when a strong acid is added? A. The H ions from the strong acid combine with basic ions in the buffer. B. The H ions from the strong acid combine with acidic ions in the buffer. C. The OH ions from the strong acid combine with acidic ions in the buffer. D. The OH ions from the strong acid combine with basic ions in the buffer. ID:229548 D Common EQ  ●7 How many atoms of oxygen (O) are required to form two molecules of sulfuric acid (H2SO4)? A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 8 347 Chemistry Session 1 MCAS_2013_Gr10_CHEM_RID ID:261464 B Common EQ  ●8 Magnesium metal reacts with iron(III) sulfate to produce iron metal and magnesium sulfate, as shown in the equation below. The molar mass of iron(III) sulfate is 399.9 g/mol. 3 2Mg(s) Fe SO aq Fe (s) 3MgSO aq2 4 3 4( ) ( ) ( ) How many grams of iron(III) sulfate are needed to completely react 6.0 g of magnesium? A. 2.0 g B. 33 g C. 99 g D. 300 g ID:264320 C Common EQ  ●9 In an experiment, a student mixes two compounds, X and Y, which react to give off energy and form compound Z, as shown in the equilibrium equation below. X Y Z energy After the reaction reaches equilibrium, which of the following changes would shift the equilibrium to the left? A. adding more compound X to the equilibrium B. adding more compound Y to the equilibrium C. increasing the temperature of the equilibrium D. decreasing the temperature of the equilibrium ID:252675 C Common EQ  ●10 When a sample of a gas is cooled, it condenses into a liquid. In which of the following ways do the molecules of the original gas sample compare with the molecules of the liquid? A. The molecules are larger as a gas than they are as a liquid. B. The molecules weigh less as a gas than they do as a liquid. C. The molecules move faster as a gas than they do as a liquid. D. The molecules are closer together as a gas than they are as a liquid. 348 Chemistry Session 1 MCAS_2013_Gr10_CHEM_RID Question 11 is an open-response question. • BE SURE TO ANSWER AND LABEL ALL PARTS OF THE QUESTION. • Show all your work (diagrams, tables, or computations) in your Student Answer Booklet. • If you do the work in your head, explain in writing how you did the work. Write your answer to question 11 in the space provided in your Student Answer Booklet. ID:273070 273070_notebookpage.eps Common EQ  ●11 A page from a lab notebook is shown below. The page displays data needed to find the empirical formula of a compound. Mass of crucible Mass of crucible and iron powder Mass of iron powder Mass of sulfur added to crucible Mass of crucible and contents after reaction Mass of iron-sulfur compound 5.23 g 7.46 g x 1.28 g 8.74 g y a. Calculate the values for x and y. Show your calculations and include units in your answer. b. Assume all the iron and sulfur reacted to form an iron-sulfur compound. Calculate the number of moles of sulfur and the number of moles of iron that reacted to form the compound. Show your calculations and include units in your answer. c. Determine the empirical formula for the iron-sulfur compound. Show your calculations or explain your reasoning. 351 Chemistry Session 1 MCAS_2013_Gr10_CHEM_RID ID:226997 3160092_AR1.eps [opt_a01, D Common EQ  ●17 Some manufacturers place rubber plugs in the bottoms of pressurized aerosol cans to prevent structural failure if the cans are exposed to excessive heat. The normal pressure inside an aerosol can is 2.0 atm at 27°C. When the temperature of the gas in the can is increased to 250°C, the pressure reaches 3.5 atm and the plug pops out. Which of the following graphs best shows the relationship of pressure to the temperature inside the can? A. Temperature (°C) P re ss ur e (a tm ) 27 0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 250 C. Temperature (°C) P re ss ur e (a tm ) 27 0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 250 B. Temperature (°C) P re ss ur e (a tm ) 27 0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 250 D. Temperature (°C) P re ss ur e (a tm ) 27 0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 250 352 Chemistry Session 1 MCAS_2013_Gr10_CHEM_RID ID:281282 C Common EQ  ●18 A student puts an ice cube into a beaker and allows it to melt. Which of the following statements best describes what happens to the water molecules during this investigation? A. The molecules move apart until the entire beaker is filled. B. The molecules move apart until they are no longer touching each other. C. The molecules become randomly arranged and can slide past each other. D. The molecules become arranged in a pattern and maintain fixed positions. ID:229556 3152531_AR1.eps B Common EQ  ●19 The diagram below shows a partial periodic table. FO The electron configuration of oxygen is 1s22s22p4. On the periodic table, fluorine is one space to the right of oxygen. Which of the following electron configurations represents fluorine? A. 1s22s22p3 B. 1s22s22p5 C. 1s22s22p63s23p3 D. 1s22s22p63s23p5 ID:275910 C Common EQ  ●20 The table below provides data about a gas sample. Volume 1.0 L Pressure 303.9 kPa Temperature 323 K Which of the following can be determined using the data? A. the chemical composition of the gas B. the condensation temperature of the gas C. the number of gas molecules in the sample D. the distance between gas molecules in the sample 353 Chemistry Session 1 MCAS_2013_Gr10_CHEM_RID ID:298323 A Common EQ  ●21 What is the name of the compound with the chemical formula NH S4 2( ) ? A. ammonium sulfide B. hydrogen sulfate C. sulfur hydride D. sulfuric acid ID:287275 ASTDAV252_periodictable.e B Common EQ  ●22 The diagram below shows the relative locations of five unidentified elements in the periodic table: E, X, G, J, and L. E X L J G Element X has an atomic number of z. Which unidentified element has an atomic number of z 1 2 ? A. element E B. element G C. element J D. element L 356 Chemistry Session 2 MCAS_2013_Gr10_CHEM_RID ID:287272 ASTDAV249.eps B Common EQ  ●26 A student pours hydrochloric acid (HCl) into an open beaker that contains a piece of magnesium (Mg). A chemical reaction occurs, as shown in the equation below. 2HCl (aq) Mg (s) MgCl (aq) H2 ( )g2 The data for the reaction are shown in the table below. Mass of Mg Mass of HCl Solution Total Mass of Substances in Beaker before the Reaction Total Mass of Substances in Beaker after the Reaction 0.24 g 5.49 g 5.73 g 5.71 g Which of the following statements best explains why the total mass of the substances in the beaker before the reaction is different from the total mass after the reaction? A. The HCl and Mg react slowly. B. The hydrogen produced is a gas. C. The HCl and Mg react to form a precipitate. D. The magnesium chloride produced is soluble. ID:260920 A Common EQ  ●27 The equation below represents an equilibrium reaction. HNO (aq) NH aq NO (aq) NH (aq)3 3 3 4( ) Which chemical in the forward reaction is a Brønsted-Lowry acid? A. HNO3 B. NH3 C. NO3 D. NH4 357 Chemistry Session 2 MCAS_2013_Gr10_CHEM_RID ID:261469 B Common EQ  ●28 A 20.0 mL sample of 0.15 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) is needed to neutralize a 10.0 mL sample of potassium hydroxide (KOH). A balanced equation for the reaction is shown below. HCl KOH KCl H2O What is the molarity of the KOH solution? A. 0.15 M B. 0.30 M C. 0.60 M D. 0.75 M ID:274067 A Common EQ  ●29 The white pigment in many paints is titanium dioxide (TiO2). It is made by burning titanium(IV) chloride. The other product in this reaction is chlorine gas. What is the balanced equation for this reaction? A. TiC TiO C1 2 14 2 2O2 B. 2 1 4 14 2 2TiC O TiO C C. TiC O TiO C1 2 2 14 2 2 2 D. 2 1 2 2 14 2 2 4TiC O TiO C ID:261188 B Common EQ  ●30 An ionic solid is placed in a beaker of water. Which of the following occurs when there is a strong attraction between the solute and the solvent? A. The solute melts. B. The solute dissolves. C. The solute remains intact. D. The solute reacts to form a precipitate. 358 Chemistry Session 2 MCAS_2013_Gr10_CHEM_RID ID:252651 A Common EQ  ●31 Calcium and boron react to form calcium boride, as represented by the chemical equation below. Ca 6B CaB6 Which type of reaction is shown by this equation? A. combination B. decomposition C. double displacement D. single displacement ID:294713 D Common EQ  ●32 Methane gas (CH4) reacts with oxygen gas (O2) according to the equation below. CH 2O CO 2H O energy4 2 2 2 This reaction releases 890 kJ of energy for each mole of methane gas that is consumed. Which of the following statements best describes this reaction? A. The reaction is endothermic; CO2 and H O2 have more chemical potential energy than CH4 and O2. B. The reaction is endothermic; CO2 and H O2 have less chemical potential energy than CH4 and O2. C. The reaction is exothermic; CO2 and H O2 have more chemical potential energy than CH4 and O2. D. The reaction is exothermic; CO2 and H O2 have less chemical potential energy than CH4 and O2. 361 Chemistry Session 2 MCAS_2013_Gr10_CHEM_RID ID:281218 281218_decay.eps B Common EQ  ●37 Uranium-238 undergoes radioactive decay according to the incomplete equation below. U238 4 2He X92 What is the decay product represented by X? A. 90 232Th B. 90 234Th C. 94 242 Pu D. 94 244 Pu ID:281919 D Common EQ  ●38 Which of the following statements applies the law of multiple proportions to the relationship between carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2)? A. The mass of a mole of CO is exactly half that of a mole of CO2. B. There will always be half as much CO as CO2 in a sample of gas. C. The proportion of oxygen atoms in CO molecules is the same as it is in CO2 molecules. D. The mass of oxygen in CO compared to that in CO2 can be expressed as a whole number ratio. ID:273186 A Common EQ  ●39 Which of the following identifies the number and location of protons in a lithium atom? A. 3 protons, located in the nucleus B. 7 protons, located in the nucleus C. 3 protons, located in an atomic orbital D. 7 protons, located in an atomic orbital ID:294699 D Common EQ  ●40 Although H O2 and H S2 have similar molecular geometries, they exist as different states of matter at 20°C and 1 atm. Which of the following statements best explains why H O2 is a liquid and H S2 is a gas under these conditions? A. H O2 is less dense than H S2 . B. H O2 is less chemically reactive than H S2 . C. H O2 has a smaller molecular mass than H S2 . D. H O2 has stronger intermolecular forces than H S2 . 362 Chemistry Session 2 MCAS_2013_Gr10_CHEM_RID ID:216954 C Common EQ  ●41 Based on valence electron configurations, which of the following is a formula for a compound formed from sodium (Na) and oxygen (O)? A. NaO B. NaO2 C. Na2O D. Na2O3 ID:287563 D Common EQ  ●42 Which of the following statements describes a difference between a chemical change and a physical change in a substance? A. A physical change occurs only in elements; a chemical change occurs only in compounds. B. A chemical change occurs only in elements; a physical change occurs only in compounds. C. The result of a physical change is a different composition; in a chemical change, the composition remains the same. D. The result of a chemical change is a different composition; in a physical change, the composition remains the same. ID:264326 B Common EQ  ●43 Particles of which of the following substances are farthest apart at STP? A. aluminum (s) B. helium (g) C. mercury (l ) D. sodium (s) 363 Chemistry Session 2 MCAS_2013_Gr10_CHEM_RID Questions 44 and 45 are open-response questions. • BE SURE TO ANSWER AND LABEL ALL PARTS OF EACH QUESTION. • Show all your work (diagrams, tables, or computations) in your Student Answer Booklet. • If you do the work in your head, explain in writing how you did the work. Write your answer to question 44 in the space provided in your Student Answer Booklet. ID:274045 Common EQ  ●44 Since elements are listed in the periodic table in order of increasing atomic number and arranged so that elements with similar properties fall into the same group, the periodic table can be used to predict similarities and differences between elements. a. Bromine and fluorine are both in group 17 (7A) of the periodic table. Describe two properties of bromine and fluorine that are the same. b. Bromine and fluorine are in different periods in the periodic table. Describe two properties of bromine and fluorine that are different. c. Based on their positions in the periodic table, bromine and fluorine are most likely to form ionic compounds with an element from which group: group 1 (1A), group 14 (4A), or group 18 (8A)? Explain your choice. M as sa ch u se tt s C om p re h en si ve A ss es sm en t S ys te m 6. 94 Li 3 Li th iu m 1. 01 H 1 H yd ro ge n 9. 01 B e 4 B er yl liu m 2A 2 3A 13 4A 14 5A 15 6A 16 7A 17 3B 3 4B 4 5B 5 6B 6 7B 7 8B 8 9 10 1B 11 2B 12 22 .9 9 N a 11 S od iu m 24 .3 1 M g 12 M ag ne si um 39 .1 0 K 19 P ot as si um 40 .0 8 C a 20 C al ci um 85 .4 7 R b 37 R ub id iu m 87 .6 2 S r 38 S tr on tiu m 13 2. 91 C s 55 C es iu m 13 7. 33 B a 56 B ar iu m (2 23 ) Fr 87 Fr an ci um (2 26 ) R a 88 R ad iu m 44 .9 6 S c 21 S ca nd iu m 47 .8 8 T i 22 T ita ni um 88 .9 1 Y 39 Y ttr iu m 91 .2 2 Z r 40 Z irc on iu m 13 8. 91 La 57 La nt ha nu m 17 8. 49 H f 72 H af ni um (2 27 ) A c 89 A ct in iu m (2 67 ) R f 10 4 R ut he rf or di um 50 .9 4 V 23 V an ad iu m 52 .0 0 C r 24 C hr om iu m 92 .9 1 N b 41 N io bi um 95 .9 4 M o 42 M ol yb de nu m 18 0. 95 Ta 73 Ta nt al um 18 3. 85 W 74 Tu ng st en (2 68 ) D b 10 5 D ub ni um (2 71 ) S g 10 6 S ea bo rg iu m 54 .9 4 M n 25 M an ga ne se 55 .8 5 Fe 26 Ir on (9 8) T c 43 Te ch ne tiu m 10 1. 07 R u 44 R ut he ni um 18 6. 21 R e 75 R he ni um 19 0. 23 O s 76 O sm iu m (2 72 ) B h 10 7 B oh riu m (2 77 ) H s 10 8 H as si um 58 .9 3 C o 27 C ob al t 58 .6 9 N i 28 N ic ke l 10 2. 91 R h 45 R ho di um 10 6. 42 P d 46 P al la di um 19 2. 22 Ir 77 Ir id iu m 19 5. 08 P t 78 P la tin um (2 76 ) M t 10 9 M ei tn er iu m (2 81 ) 63 .5 5 C u 29 C op pe r 65 .3 9 Z n 30 Z in c 10 7. 87 A g 47 S ilv er 11 2. 41 C d 48 C ad m iu m 19 6. 97 A u 79 G ol d 20 0. 59 H g 80 M er cu ry 10 .8 1 B 5 B or on 12 .0 1 C 6 C ar bo n 26 .9 8 A l 13 A lu m in um 28 .0 9 S i 14 S ili co n 69 .7 2 G a 31 G al liu m 72 .5 9 G e 32 G er m an iu m 11 4. 82 In 49 In di um 11 8. 71 S n 50 T in 20 4. 38 T l 81 T ha lli um 20 7. 2 P b 82 Le ad 14 .0 1 N 7 N itr og en 16 .0 0 O 8 O xy ge n 30 .9 7 P 15 P ho sp ho ru s 32 .0 6 S 16 S ul fu r 74 .9 2 A s 33 A rs en ic 78 .9 6 S e 34 S el en iu m 12 1. 75 S b 51 A nt im on y 12 7. 60 Te 52 Te llu riu m 20 8. 98 B i 83 B is m ut h (2 09 ) Po 84 P ol on iu m 19 .0 0 F 9 F lu or in e 20 .1 8 N e 10 N eo n 35 .4 5 C l 17 C hl or in e 39 .9 5 A r 18 A rg on 79 .9 0 B r 35 B ro m in e 83 .8 0 K r 36 K ry pt on 12 6. 91 I 53 Io di ne 13 1. 29 X e 54 X en on (2 10 ) A t 85 A st at in e (2 22 ) R n 86 R ad on G ro up ( Fa m ily ) 1A 1 4. 00 H e 2 H el iu m 8A 18 1 11 0 14 0. 12 C e 58 C er iu m 14 0. 91 P r 59 P ra se od ym iu m 23 2. 04 T h 90 T ho riu m 23 1. 04 P a 91 P ro ta ct in iu m 14 4. 24 N d 60 N eo dy m iu m (1 45 ) P m 61 P ro m et hi um 23 8. 03 U 92 U ra ni um (2 37 ) N p 93 N ep tu ni um 15 0. 36 S m 62 S am ar iu m 15 1. 96 E u 63 E ur op iu m (2 44 ) P u 94 P lu to ni um (2 43 ) A m 95 A m er ic iu m 15 7. 25 G d 64 G ad ol in iu m 15 8. 93 T b 65 Te rb iu m (2 47 ) C m 96 C ur iu m (2 47 ) B k 97 B er ke liu m 16 2. 50 D y 66 D ys pr os iu m 16 4. 93 H o 67 H ol m iu m (2 51 ) C f 98 C al ifo rn iu m (2 52 ) E s 99 E in st ei ni um 16 7. 26 E r 68 E rb iu m 16 8. 93 T m 69 T hu liu m (2 57 ) F m 10 0 Fe rm iu m (2 58 ) M d 10 1 M en de le vi um 17 3. 04 Y b 70 Y tte rb iu m (2 59 ) N o 10 2 N ob el iu m 17 4. 97 Lu 71 Lu te tiu m (2 62 ) Lr 10 3 La w re nc iu m 7654321 Period La nt ha ni de S er ie s A ct in id e S er ie s M as s nu m be rs in p ar en th es es a re th os e of th e m os t s ta bl e or m os t c om m on is ot op e. *R ev is ed b as ed o n IU PA C C om m is si on o n A to m ic W ei gh ts a nd Is ot op ic A bu nd an ce s, “ A to m ic W ei gh ts o f t he E le m en ts 2 00 7. ” D s R g 11 1 (2 80 ) K ey : at om ic w ei gh t S ym bo l at om ic n um be r N am e D ar m st ad tiu m R oe nt ge ni um P er io di c Ta bl e of th e E le m en ts 366 MCAS_2013_Gr10_CHEM_RID 367 High School Chemistry Spring 2013 Released Items: Reporting Categories, Standards, and Correct Answers* Item No. Page No. Reporting Category Standard Correct Answer (MC)* 1 344 Properties of Matter and Thermochemistry 6.4 A 2 344 Solutions, Equilibrium, and Acid-Base Theory 7.5 B 3 345 Atomic Structure and Periodicity 2.1 D 4 345 Bonding and Reactions 4.3 D 5 345 Atomic Structure and Periodicity 2.7 A 6 346 Solutions, Equilibrium, and Acid-Base Theory 8.3 A 7 346 Bonding and Reactions 5.3 D 8 347 Bonding and Reactions 5.5 B 9 347 Solutions, Equilibrium, and Acid-Base Theory 7.6 C 10 347 Properties of Matter and Thermochemistry 6.3 C 11 348 Bonding and Reactions 5.4 12 349 Properties of Matter and Thermochemistry 1.1 C 13 349 Bonding and Reactions 4.2 A 14 349 Atomic Structure and Periodicity 3.2 B 15 350 Atomic Structure and Periodicity 2.5 C 16 350 Properties of Matter and Thermochemistry 6.2 A 17 351 Properties of Matter and Thermochemistry 6.1 D 18 352 Properties of Matter and Thermochemistry 1.3 C 19 352 Atomic Structure and Periodicity 3.3 B 20 352 Properties of Matter and Thermochemistry 6.2 C 21 353 Bonding and Reactions 4.6 A 22 353 Atomic Structure and Periodicity 3.1 B 23 354 Properties of Matter and Thermochemistry 1.2 24 355 Solutions, Equilibrium, and Acid-Base Theory 8.2 B 25 355 Bonding and Reactions 5.6 C 26 356 Atomic Structure and Periodicity 2.3 B 27 356 Solutions, Equilibrium, and Acid-Base Theory 8.1 A 28 357 Solutions, Equilibrium, and Acid-Base Theory 7.2 B 29 357 Bonding and Reactions 5.1 A 30 357 Solutions, Equilibrium, and Acid-Base Theory 7.1 B 31 358 Bonding and Reactions 5.2 A 32 358 Properties of Matter and Thermochemistry 6.4 D 33 359 Bonding and Reactions 4.4 34 360 Properties of Matter and Thermochemistry 6.5 C 35 360 Solutions, Equilibrium, and Acid-Base Theory 7.4 D 36 360 Atomic Structure and Periodicity 2.4 C 37 361 Atomic Structure and Periodicity 2.6 B 38 361 Atomic Structure and Periodicity 2.3 D 39 361 Atomic Structure and Periodicity 2.2 A 40 361 Bonding and Reactions 4.5 D MCAS_2013_Gr10_CHEM_RID 368 Item No. Page No. Reporting Category Standard Correct Answer (MC)* 41 362 Bonding and Reactions 4.1 C 42 362 Properties of Matter and Thermochemistry 1.1 D 43 362 Properties of Matter and Thermochemistry 1.3 B 44 363 Atomic Structure and Periodicity 3.4 45 364 Solutions, Equilibrium, and Acid-Base Theory 7.3 * Answers are provided here for multiple-choice items only. Sample responses and scoring guidelines for open-response items, which are indicated by shaded cells, will be posted to the Department’s website later this year. MCAS_2013_Gr10_CHEM_RID