New Deal Programs: Regulating the Economy and Providing Relief During the Great Depression, Exams of History

Download New Deal Programs: Regulating the Economy and Providing Relief During the Great Depression and more Exams History in PDF only on Docsity! HIST142 AMERICAN HISTORY II 1877-PRESENT Module 3 Comprehensive Exam Guide Q & A 2024 1. What event sparked the beginning of the Great Depression in the United States in 1929? A) The stock market crash B) The Dust Bowl C) The Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act D) The collapse of the banking system Answer: A) The stock market crash Rationale: The Great Depression began with the stock market crash on October 29, 1929, also known as Black Tuesday, which led to a collapse in stock prices and a widespread panic among investors. 2. Which President implemented the New Deal programs in response to the Great Depression? A) Herbert Hoover B) Franklin D. Roosevelt C) Calvin Coolidge D) Warren G. Harding Answer: B) Franklin D. Roosevelt Rationale: President Franklin D. Roosevelt implemented the New Deal programs to address the economic crisis of the Great Depression and provide relief to the American people. 3. What was the purpose of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) created under the New Deal? A) To regulate the banking industry B) To oversee the stock market C) To provide relief to farmers D) To create jobs through public works projects Answer: B) To oversee the stock market Rationale: The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) was created to regulate the stock market and prevent fraud and A) 18th Amendment B) Volstead Act C) 21st Amendment D) Temperance Act Answer: C) 21st Amendment Rationale: The 21st Amendment repealed the Prohibition of alcohol in the United States, ending the ban on the sale, manufacture, and transportation of alcoholic beverages. 10. What impact did the Great Depression have on the African American community in the United States? A) Increased employment opportunities B) Economic inequality and discrimination C) Political empowerment D) Improved living conditions Answer: B) Economic inequality and discrimination Rationale: The Great Depression exacerbated economic inequality and discrimination against African Americans, who faced widespread poverty, unemployment, and social injustice during the 1930s. 11. How did President Franklin D. Roosevelt address the banking crisis in the United States during the Great Depression? A) By establishing the Federal Reserve System B) By creating the Securities and Exchange Commission C) By implementing the New Deal programs D) By declaring a national bank holiday and passing the Emergency Banking Act Answer: D) By declaring a national bank holiday and passing the Emergency Banking Act Rationale: President Franklin D. Roosevelt addressed the banking crisis by declaring a national bank holiday to stabilize the banking system and restore public confidence, followed by the passage of the Emergency Banking Act to regulate banking practices. 12. Which New Deal program was responsible for providing financial support to farmers and stabilizing agricultural prices? A) Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) B) Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) C) Social Security Act D) National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) Answer: B) Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) Rationale: The Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) was a New Deal program that provided financial support to farmers through crop subsidies and production quotas to stabilize agricultural prices and prevent overproduction. 13. What impact did the Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act have on international trade during the Great Depression? A) Increased trade barriers and tariffs B) Free trade agreements with other countries C) Expansion of global markets D) Promotion of economic cooperation Answer: A) Increased trade barriers and tariffs Rationale: The Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act increased trade barriers and tariffs on imported goods, leading to a decline in international trade and exacerbating the economic downturn of the Great Depression. 14. How did the New Deal programs impact labor relations in the United States during the Great Depression? A) By promoting workers' rights and collective bargaining B) By suppressing labor unions and strikes C) By eliminating child labor and establishing minimum wage laws D) By creating jobs through public works projects Answer: A) By promoting workers' rights and collective bargaining Rationale: The New Deal programs promoted workers' rights and collective bargaining by establishing labor laws, minimum wage standards, and protections for workers in industries such as manufacturing and transportation. 15. Which New Deal program was responsible for creating jobs through the construction of dams, power plants, and irrigation systems in the Tennessee Valley region? A) Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) B) Works Progress Administration (WPA) C) Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) D) National Recovery Administration (NRA) Answer: C) Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Rationale: The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) was a New Deal program that promoted economic development and job creation by constructing dams, power plants, and irrigation systems in the Tennessee Valley region. 16. What impact did the Wagner Act of 1935 have on labor relations in the United States during the Great Depression? A) It legalized collective bargaining and protected workers' rights to unionize B) It established a minimum wage and maximum work hours for employees C) It provided financial support to unemployed workers D) It regulated the banking industry and stock market Answer: A) It legalized collective bargaining and protected workers' rights to unionize Rationale: The Wagner Act of 1935 legalized collective bargaining and protected workers' rights to unionize by prohibiting unfair labor practices and establishing the National the economic crisis of the Great Depression. 22. Which New Deal program was responsible for providing relief and employment opportunities for young adults through education and vocational training? A) Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) B) Works Progress Administration (WPA) C) National Youth Administration (NYA) D) Public Works Administration (PWA) Answer: C) National Youth Administration (NYA) Rationale: The National Youth Administration (NYA) was a New Deal program that provided relief and employment opportunities for young adults through education, vocational training, and work projects aimed at developing job skills and building self-reliance. 23. What impact did the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 have on labor relations in the United States during the Great Depression? A) It established minimum wage and maximum work hours for employees B) It legalized collective bargaining and protected workers' rights to unionize C) It regulated the banking industry and stock market D) It provided financial support to unemployed workers Answer: A) It established minimum wage and maximum work hours for employees Rationale: The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 established minimum wage, overtime pay, recordkeeping, and youth employment standards for employees in the United States, improving labor conditions and addressing workplace abuses during the Great Depression. 24. Which New Deal program was responsible for providing relief and employment opportunities for homeless individuals and families during the Great Depression? A) Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) B) Works Progress Administration (WPA) C) Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) D) National Recovery Administration (NRA) Answer: A) Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) Rationale: The Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) was a New Deal program that provided relief and employment opportunities for homeless individuals and families through grants and aid programs aimed at addressing the immediate needs of the unemployed and destitute during the Great Depression. 25. What impact did the Second New Deal have on social welfare and economic policies in the United States during the Great Depression? A) It expanded social welfare programs and increased government intervention in the economy B) It reduced government spending and promoted free market capitalism C) It implemented austerity measures and budget cuts D) It deregulated the banking industry and stock market Answer: A) It expanded social welfare programs and increased government intervention in the economy Rationale: The Second New Deal expanded social welfare programs and increased government intervention in the economy by introducing additional relief, recovery, and reform measures aimed at addressing the ongoing effects of the Great Depression and promoting economic stability. 26. Which New Deal program was responsible for creating jobs and stimulating economic growth through public works projects in the construction and infrastructure industries? A) Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) B) Works Progress Administration (WPA) C) Social Security Act D) National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) Answer: B) Works Progress Administration (WPA) Rationale: The Works Progress Administration (WPA) was a New Deal program that created jobs and stimulated economic growth through public works projects in the construction and infrastructure industries, including roads, bridges, schools, and parks. 27. What impact did the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) have on the banking industry in the United States during the Great Depression? A) It regulated interest rates and lending practices B) It insured bank deposits up to a certain amount, restoring public confidence in the banking system C) It promoted savings and investing D) It established a system of credit unions Answer: B) It insured bank deposits up to a certain amount, restoring public confidence in the banking system Rationale: The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) insured bank deposits up to a certain amount, restoring public confidence in the banking system and preventing bank runs during the Great Depression by protecting customers' savings and investments. 28. Which New Deal program was responsible for providing relief and employment opportunities for unemployed workers in the transportation and construction industries? A) Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) B) Works Progress Administration (WPA) C) Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Rationale: The Dust Bowl caused severe soil erosion, depletion, and dust storms in the Great Plains, damaging agricultural production and forcing many farmers to abandon their land and migrate to other regions in search of work and relief during the Great Depression. 33. Which New Deal program was responsible for providing relief and employment opportunities for unemployed workers in the construction and infrastructure industries in urban areas? A) Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) B) Works Progress Administration (WPA) C) Public Works Administration (PWA) D) National Youth Administration (NYA) Answer: B) Works Progress Administration (WPA) Rationale: The Works Progress Administration (WPA) provided relief and employment opportunities for unemployed workers in the construction and infrastructure industries in urban areas through public works projects, such as building schools, hospitals, and public buildings, to stimulate economic growth and create jobs during the Great Depression. 34. What impact did the Agricultural Adjustment Act have on agricultural production and prices in the United States during the Great Depression? A) It increased crop subsidies and stabilized agricultural prices B) It promoted sustainable farming practices and crop rotation C) It encouraged irrigation and land reclamation projects D) It expanded agricultural production and crop yields Answer: A) It increased crop subsidies and stabilized agricultural prices Rationale: The Agricultural Adjustment Act provided crop subsidies and production quotas to farmers to stabilize agricultural prices and prevent overproduction during the Great Depression, promoting economic recovery and protecting the livelihoods of agricultural communities. 35. How did the New Deal programs address the needs of minority groups, including African Americans, Hispanics, and Native Americans, during the Great Depression? A) By promoting civil rights, equality, and economic opportunities B) By suppressing minority populations and promoting segregation C) By providing relief and employment opportunities for white Americans only D) By establishing discriminatory practices and policies against minority groups Answer: A) By promoting civil rights, equality, and economic opportunities Rationale: The New Deal programs addressed the needs of minority groups by promoting civil rights, equality, and economic opportunities for African Americans, Hispanics, Native Americans, and other marginalized populations through labor laws, anti-discrimination measures, and relief programs aimed at reducing social and economic disparities during the Great Depression. 1. What was a significant effect of the Teapot Dome Scandal? A) It led to major reforms in public land management. B) It resulted in the impeachment of President Harding. C) It caused a severe downturn in the stock market. D) It increased public trust in the federal government. Answer: A Rationale: The Teapot Dome Scandal exposed the corruption in the federal government's management of oil reserves, leading to public outcry and subsequent reforms in how public lands were managed. 2. Which of the following best describes the economic trend of the 1920s in the United States? A) Steady decline in industrial production. B) Rapid growth in agricultural prosperity. C) Significant expansion of consumer credit and stock market investment. D) Decrease in urbanization and return to rural lifestyles. Answer: C Rationale: The 1920s saw a boom in the economy with a significant expansion of consumer credit, stock market investments, and overall consumerism, often referred to as the 'Roaring Twenties'. 3. The Harlem Renaissance was an important cultural movement during the 1920s. Which of the following was a key outcome of this movement? A) It led to the end of racial segregation laws. B) It fostered a new sense of Black cultural identity through art, music, and literature. C) It resulted in significant political gains for African Americans in the South. D) It decreased the popularity of jazz music in urban areas. Answer: B Rationale: The Harlem Renaissance was a cultural revival that celebrated African American culture and contributed to a greater sense of identity and pride through artistic expressions like music, literature, and visual arts. 4. The introduction of the assembly line by Henry Ford had what Answer: B Rationale: The Social Security Act established a system of old- age benefits for workers, benefits for victims of industrial accidents, unemployment insurance, aid for dependent mothers and children, the blind, and the physically handicapped. 10. The Scopes Trial of 1925 highlighted the tension between: A) Urban and rural values. B) Northern and Southern economic interests. C) Prohibitionists and anti-Prohibitionists. D) Science and religion. Answer: D Rationale: The Scopes Trial was a legal case that debated the teaching of evolution in schools, highlighting the conflict between scientific theories and religious beliefs. 11. Which of the following was a primary cause of the stock market crash in 1929? A) Overproduction of consumer goods. B) Lack of government regulation on banking. C) Speculation and buying on margin. D) A sudden increase in interest rates by the Federal Reserve. Answer: C Rationale: Speculation and buying on margin, where investors borrowed money to buy stocks, contributed to an inflated stock market that eventually crashed when investors could not repay their loans. 12. The Bonus Army was a group of: A) Bankers demanding government bailouts. B) Farmers protesting agricultural policies. C) World War I veterans seeking early payment of a promised bonus. D) Business owners opposing New Deal regulations. Answer: C Rationale: The Bonus Army was composed of World War I veterans who marched on Washington, D.C., in 1932 to demand early payment of a bonus that had been promised for their service. 13. The term "flapper" in the 1920s referred to: A) A style of jazz music. B) A type of economic policy. C) Young women known for their energetic freedom, embracing a lifestyle viewed as outrageous at the time. D) Politicians who changed their party affiliation. Answer: C Rationale: Flappers were young women in the 1920s who defied traditional conventions of feminine behavior and dress, symbolizing the cultural change of the era. 14. The National Origins Act of 1924 was significant because it: A) Ended all immigration to the United States. B) Established quotas that limited immigration based on national origin. C) Granted citizenship to all immigrants living in the United States. D) Allowed unrestricted immigration from Asian countries. Answer: B Rationale: The National Origins Act established a quota system that restricted immigration by imposing limits on the number of immigrants from specific countries, reflecting the nativist sentiments of the time. 15. The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) was a New Deal program that aimed to: A) Provide jobs and electricity to the rural Tennessee Valley region. B) Promote agricultural development in the Midwest. C) Increase coal production in the Appalachian Mountains. D) Develop tourism in the Smoky Mountains. Answer: A Rationale: The TVA was created to generate electric power, control floods, improve navigation, and bring economic development to the Tennessee Valley, a region particularly affected by the Great Depression. Question: Who was the President of the United States during the majority of the Great Depression? A) Herbert Hoover B) Franklin D. Roosevelt C) Calvin Coolidge D) Woodrow Wilson Answer: A) Herbert Hoover Rationale: Herbert Hoover was the President of the United States from 1929 to 1933, presiding over the early years of the Great Depression. Question: Which New Deal program aimed to provide jobs for young men during the Great Depression? A) Social Security Act B) Civilian Conservation Corps C) Works Progress Administration D) Tennessee Valley Authority Answer: B) Civilian Conservation Corps Rationale: Frances Perkins made history as the first female cabinet member when she was appointed Secretary of Labor by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1933. Question: What was the purpose of the Social Security Act of 1935? A) To provide assistance to unemployed workers B) To regulate the banking industry C) To establish a system of retirement benefits D) To address agricultural overproduction Answer: C) To establish a system of retirement benefits Rationale: The Social Security Act of 1935 created a system of retirement benefits, unemployment insurance, and assistance for the elderly and disabled. Question: Which of the following was a key feature of the Second New Deal introduced by President Roosevelt? A) Expansion of the Civilian Conservation Corps B) Creation of the Securities and Exchange Commission C) Passage of the National Industrial Recovery Act D) Emphasis on social welfare programs Answer: D) Emphasis on social welfare programs Rationale: The Second New Deal focused on social welfare programs, including the Works Progress Administration and the Social Security Act. Question: Who was the author of the novel "The Grapes of Wrath," which depicted the struggles of Dust Bowl migrants during the Great Depression? A) F. Scott Fitzgerald B) John Steinbeck C) Ernest Hemingway D) Sinclair Lewis Answer: B) John Steinbeck Rationale: John Steinbeck authored "The Grapes of Wrath," a novel that portrayed the hardships faced by Dust Bowl migrants in the 1930s. Question: What role did the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) play in the banking industry during the 1930s? A) Regulating interest rates B) Insuring bank deposits C) Providing loans to struggling banks D) Enforcing antitrust laws Answer: B) Insuring bank deposits Rationale: The FDIC was established to insure bank deposits and restore public confidence in the banking system following the widespread bank failures of the Great Depression. Question: Which of the following acts regulated the stock market and aimed to prevent another financial collapse? A) Glass-Steagall Act B) Securities Act of 1933 C) National Labor Relations Act D) Wagner Act Answer: B) Securities Act of 1933 Rationale: The Securities Act of 1933 aimed to regulate the stock market and provide transparency to investors to prevent another financial crisis. Question: What impact did the New Deal have on the role of the federal government in the economy? A) Decreased government intervention B) Increased government involvement C) Privatization of key industries D) Deregulation of financial markets Answer: B) Increased government involvement Rationale: The New Deal expanded the role of the federal government in the economy through various programs aimed at providing relief, recovery, and reform during the Great Depression. Question: Which labor union leader organized the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) to advocate for industrial workers' rights in the 1930s? A) Samuel Gompers B) John L. Lewis C) Eugene V. Debs D) Terence Powderly Answer: B) John L. Lewis Rationale: John L. Lewis was a prominent labor leader who formed the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) to represent industrial workers and promote their rights.