Histology of female reproductive system, Schemes and Mind Maps of Anatomy

Download Histology of female reproductive system and more Schemes and Mind Maps Anatomy in PDF only on Docsity! HISTOLOGY OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 12/14/22 1 12/14/22 2 FUNCTIONS • Produces the female gametes (oocytes) • Provides the environment for fertilization • Holds the embryo during its complete development until birth • Produce steroidal sex hormones 12/14/22 5 THE OVARIES • Ovaries are covered by a simple cuboidal epithelium called the germinal epithelium • Deep to the germinal epithelium, the ovaries possess a capsule, the tunica albuginea • Each ovary is subdivided into a cortex and a medulla 12/14/22 6 Cuboidal Medulla epithelium (contains neurovascular structures) Cortex (contains ovarian follicles) Hilum © teachmeanatomy VA 12/14/22 7 2. primary follicles: • The flattened follicular cells become columnar • A homogeneous membrane, the zona pellucida, appears between the follicular cells and the oocyte • Stromal cells become condensed to form a covering called the theca 12/14/22 10 3. Secondary follicle: • The follicular cells proliferate to form several layers of cells granulosa cells • Formation of fluid filled follicular cavity (antrum) • Cumulus oophorus and corona radiata 12/14/22 11 Primordial follicles Maturing follicle Mature follicle Mesovarium Corpus albicans Mature corpus luteum Corpus luteum (early) 12/14/22 12 OVULATION • Is the process by which the oocyte is released from the ovary • It is hormonal dependent • Ovulation normally occurs midway through the menstrual cycle, that is, around the 14th day of a typical 28-day cycle • Fate of ovum 12/14/22 15 CORPUS LUTEUM • The corpus luteum is formed from the corpus hemorrhagicus • It is temporary endocrine gland • The formation is dependent on LH • Functions • Fate of corpus luteum 12/14/22 16 OVIDUCTS/FALLOPIAN TUBES • Paired muscular tubes • Subdivided into four regions: 1. Infundibulum 2. Ampulla 3. Isthmus 4. Uterine or intramural part 12/14/22 17 12/14/22 20 UTERUS • Uterus is a pear-shaped muscular organ located in the pelvic cavity • It has 3 parts: 1. Fundus 2. Body 3. Cervix 12/14/22 21 • The uterine wall consists of a mucous membrane called the endometrium and a very thick layer of muscle called myometrium 12/14/22 22 CERVIX • The cervix is narrow lower part of uterus • The cervix has a simple columnar epithelium except for the inferior portion which is covered by a stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium 12/14/22 25 VAGINA • The vagina is a fibromuscular elastic tube that extends from lower part of the cervix to the external genitalia • It is about 8-cm long • It has 3 layers: 1. Mucosa lined stratified squamous non keratinized epithelium 2. Muscularis; inner circular and outer longitudinal 3. Adventitia 12/14/22 26 12/14/22 27