Geographic Information Systems Course - CSS 4200, Study notes of Agricultural engineering

Download Geographic Information Systems Course - CSS 4200 and more Study notes Agricultural engineering in PDF only on Docsity! CSS 4200 Geographic Information Systems Lecture 1: – Course Objectives and Resources – Instructor Background – Historical Perspective – Conceptual Framework Course Objectives • Increase awareness of GIS science and technology • Provide opportunities to process, analyze, and visualize spatial data and information using commercially-available GIS software • Generate enthusiasm and interest in using GIS for meeting environmental assessment needs • Gain appreciation for the complexities of spatial data manipulation and analysis at varying scales of space and time Grading and Assignments • Laboratory exercises – 40% • Quizzes – 10% • Prelim (2) and Final exams – 40% • Class participation – 10% Course Web Page <www.css.cornell.edu/courses/420/css4200.html> • Lecture overview – Schedule – Readings – Exercises • Lab overview – Project: Mapping Agro-ecological Zones in NYS: 1. Soil characteristics 2. Terrain derivatives 3. Climate parameters 4. Land use/land cover conditions Academic Courses in GIS at Cornell* • Fall 2008: – CRP 5250 Introductory Methods of Planning Analysis – CRP 6070 GIS Applications Workshop – CSS 4200 Geographic Information Systems – CSS 6600 Remote Sensing Fundamentals (also CEE 6100) • Spring 2009: – CEE 6150 Digital Image Processing – CRP 4080 Introduction to Geographic Information Systems (GIS) (also CRP 5080) – CSS 4110 Environmental Information Science (also CEE 4110) – CSS 4650 Global Positioning System – CSS 6200 Spatial Modeling and Analysis – CSS 6210 Applications of Space-Time Statistics – DSOC 3140 Spatial Thinking, GIS, and Related Methods (SBA) (KCM) • Other courses (not listed for Fall 2008 or Spring 2009): – CRP 4080/5080 Introduction to Geographic Information Systems (GIS) – DSOC 560(5600) Analytical Mapping and Spatial Modeling – DSOC 719(7190) Logistic Regression and Spatial Linear Regression – LA 494 GIS for Landscape Architecture – NTRES 6700 Spatial Statistics * last edited by Keith Jenkins on Aug 08, 2008 https://confluence.cornell.edu/x/IIM_BQ Mann Library Workshops: http://mannlib.cornell.edu/instruction/workshops/ Geographic Information Systems • Understanding the term and process is important • A reasonable understanding can come simply from breaking down the acronym • Look at the idea of a system, as modified by the words information and geographic Concept of GIS • System: group of connected items and activities that interact for a common purpose (output) • Information: representation of attributes (or events or objects, or...) using known symbolism and known relationships • Information system: set of processes, executed on data to produce information useful for decision-making or advancing knowledge data > information > knowledge >…>… • Geographic: refers to location, proximity, or spatial distribution appropriately geo-referenced Components of Geo-spatial Analysis to Characterize Environmental Systems MODEL GISDATA -geo-referenced data layers -relational database -modeling scenarios -visualization tools -verification -calibration -validation -simulation -processes -algorithms -equations -variables/parameters [Adapted from Corwin (1996) based on Burrough (1986)] Pw ?-Hot Links View _| Bird 2 | Buildings _) ¥ Photos.sh p oO ¥ Parcel Lines ¥ ‘Water | Demerara tility al it Pes Mel ee eeteeL tea ele a Celli tess] 4f{ Ficticious Septic Tanks 4] . 4) Buildings a 4) Pacer C4 4) Water Co us Septic Tanks Fields Values [Construct] ump] |v Update Values { [LastPump] <= 1994 ] Add To Set Select From Set Example: Land Suitability Analysis GAP / MRLC Current Land Use/ Land Cover US- GSM Soil type, drainage, fertility etc. Maps & tables of area suitable for each land use Ag. Census, NASS Digital Elevation Model Land suitability rules and yield predictions Prodictod Arsenic Concentration jg r HB vows Prediction. Standard Errors $60 dere Mesn Arsenic Concentration jagik, 10-439 MB 00-1223 00-4025 Urreble Srtmats -cudes Production of Groundveater Irrigated Boro Rice (tonnes, 1000s) Highlighted Upazila Have Mean Groundwater Arsenic Concentrations 100-200 pg/L {00 Kone Groundvrater Irigated Boro Rice Production (tonnes) UUnslobie Eales (Exeksos)  Summary • Course Resources • GIS Background • Reading Assignment • Laboratory Sessions (1 September) P aes Ex Populations exposed to Flood Risk CENTER in the Lower Mekong River Basin foi) airtel Legend O Majorcises (1 country Boundaries Flood Risk x Population |\ Value FRB Hist : t 000000 Low : 000000 a 425 25 100 ’ a Kliomelers HE Fewer than 1000 (86) IB 1000 - 2000 (137) HE 2000 - 4000 (151) [> 4000 or more (72) No clinically active pediatrician (332) Number of children per pediatrician, ESRI GIS.com Forestry Organization Remote Sensing Technolog NASA Forestry Project Interactive Map (FOReST) Project es Wisble Aone SIMO [peed alta He Heiberg ec ae Ce a) ae Sor St SCM RULIE ESO ee i Gree TL ice Peep) Forest Foren ates Counties ceils Stand-Alone GIS Networked GIS (Local) Networked GIS (Global) © Arthur J. Lembo, Jr. Spatial Analysis and Manipulation • The distinguishing characteristic of GIS • Ideas have long been recognized and considered but there were many practical limitations • “Spatial” is the novel part of the term – Has to do with location (usually on earth) – The idea of “where” • Spatial analysis is a routine process for us Geographic Information is Increasingly Available and Interrelated • General education • Higher education • Business • Internal organization • Special interest groups • National agencies • Local government agencies • The public GIS History 1960's Howard Fisher: SYMAP (Harvard Lab started) Ian McHarg: Design With Nature Roger Tomlinson: Canandian Geographic Information System (Implemented in 1971) Jack Dangermond: ESRI founded © Arthur J. Lembo, Jr. GIS History 1970's Harvard Laboratory: ODYSSEY POLYVRT CALFORM GIS Functions: Topology Polygon Overlay GIS Education: Harvard Oneonta Buffalo Zurich GIS Pioneers: Dana Tomlin Nick Chrisman Tom Peuker Scott Morehouse Denis White Landsat Bureau of Census: DIME file © Arthur J. Lembo, Jr. GIS History 2000's Data Warehousing Internet Field Data Collection Wireless Technology Smart Objects GIS Evolution Cartography/Analysis Data ManagementProjects Network/Cooperation Data Access/Data PublishingEnterpriseGIS Depart- mental GIS Societal GIS © Arthur J. Lembo, Jr. What is a GIS? • A system for capturing, storing, checking, manipulating, analysing and displaying data which are spatially referenced to the earth (DoE, 1987) • Any manual or computer-based set of procedures used to store and manipulate geographically referenced data (Aronoff, 1989) • A database system in which most of the data are spatially indexed, and upon which a set of procedures operated in order to answer queries about spatial entities in the database (Smith, 1987) • A system with advanced geo-modeling capabilities (Koshkariov, et. al. 1986) • Are these definitions helpful? The “S” in GIS: System or Science? • Over time, the availability, understanding, and applications of geographic information systems have matured. – The widespread use of this information systems technology has helped to converge numerous interrelated disciplines – Many issues and gaps in knowledge also emerged • Consequently, a new term has emerged: geographic information science Conclusions • GIS has come a long way in a short time • GIS can be useful in almost any field • You will probably use it • It is important to understand it