Eastern European History: Terms and Definitions, Quizzes of World History

Download Eastern European History: Terms and Definitions and more Quizzes World History in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Rusyns DEFINITION 1 Rusyns (Rusyn: , also referred to as Carpatho-Rusyns and Rusniaks) are an Eastern Slavic ethnic group who speak an Eastern Slavic language or dialect known as Rusyn. TERM 2 Ruthenians DEFINITION 2 The term Ruthenians (, Rusyns, Rus') is a culturally loaded term and has different meanings according to the context in which it is used. Had the Magyar language imposed on them by Szechenyi. TERM 3 Volksdeutsche DEFINITION 3 Volksdeutsche (ethnic Germans) is a historical term which arose in the early 20th century to describe ethnic Germans living outside of (or more precisely, born outside) the Reich. TERM 4 Cyrillic DEFINITION 4 Cyrillic () script is an alphabet developed in the 9th century in Bulgaria, and used in the Slavic national languages of Belarusian, Bulgarian, Russian, Rusyn, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Montenegrin and Ukrainian, and in the non- Slavic languages of Moldovan, Kazakh, Uzbek, Kyrgyz, Tajik, Tuvan, and Mongolian. TERM 5 Liberum Veto DEFINITION 5 Liberum veto (Latin for I freely forbid) was a parliamentary device in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The right of just one dissenting deputy to prevent a legislative, financial, or procedural decision of the Sejm from taking effect sometimes invoked for the wrong reasons, such as making the Republic (of Poland) incapable of organizing itself or offering resistance. TERM 6 Battle of Mohacs DEFINITION 6 The Battle of Mohcs (; ; ) was fought on August 29, 1526 near Mohcs, Hungary. (1526) Wherein the Ottomans had a decisive victory over the Hungarians; led to the partition of Hungary between the Hapsburg empire of Austria, the Ottoman Empire, and the Principality of Transylvania TERM 7 Suleiman the Magnificent DEFINITION 7 Suleiman I, His Imperial Majesty Grand Sultan, Commander of the Faithful and Successor of the Prophet of the Lord of the Universe ( Sleymn, Modern Turkish: Sleyman; almost always Kanuni Sultan Sleyman; 6 November 1494 5/6/7 September 1566) was the tenth and longest-reigning Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, from 1520 to his death in 1566. Led the Ottomans in the Battle of Mohacs. TERM 8 Transylvania DEFINITION 8 Transylvania ( or ; ; , see also other denominations) is a historical region in the central part of Romania. It was a semi independent state under the suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire between the late 1500s and the early 1700s. TERM 9 Habsburgs DEFINITION 9 The House of Habsburg, sometimes incorrectly spelled Hapsburg in English and sometimes referred to as the House of Austria, was one of the most important royal houses of Europe and is best known for being an origin of all of the formally elected Holy Roman Emperors between 1438 and 1740, as well as rulers of the Austrian and Spanish Empires and several other countries. TERM 10 Battle of Kosove Polje DEFINITION 10 The Battle of Kosovo (, ) was a battle fought in 1389 on St Vitus' Day, June 15, between the defending Christian forces led by the Serbian principality and the invading army of the Ottoman Empire under the leadership of Sultan Murad I, in the Kosovo Field, about 5 kilometers northwest of modern- day Pristina. 1389 TERM 21 Count Istvan Szechenyi DEFINITION 21 Count Istvn Szchenyi, in Hungarian: Grf Szchenyi Istvn () (September 21, 1791- April 8, 1860) was a Hungarian politician, theorist and writer, one of the greatest statesmen of Hungarian history. Famous for his giant bridge in Budapest. TERM 22 Lajos Kossuth DEFINITION 22 Lajos Kossuth (; September 19, 1802 - March 20, 1894) was a Hungarian lawyer, journalist, politician and Governor- President of Hungary in 1849. He was widely honored during his lifetime, including in the United Kingdom and the United States, as a freedom fighter and bellwether of democracy in Europe. TERM 23 Matica Ceska DEFINITION 23 Czech Publishing House. TERM 24 Frantisek Palacky DEFINITION 24 Frantiek Palack () (June 14, 1798 Hodslavice, Moravia, today Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic - May 26, 1876) was a Czech historian and politician. Was in favor of austro- slavism, cooperation between the smaller Slavic speaking, non German dominated countries. TERM 25 "The Springtime of Nations" DEFINITION 25 The European Revolutions of 1848, known in some countries as the Spring of Nations, Springtime of the Peoples or the Year of Revolution, were a series of political upheavals throughout the European continent. TERM 26 Robot DEFINITION 26 In certain regions, peasants were required to work 3-4 days without pay per week for their local lord. TERM 27 March Laws DEFINITION 27 The April laws, also called March laws, were a collection of laws legislated by Lajos Kossuth with the aim of modernizing Kingdom of Hungary into a nation state. TERM 28 Frankfurt Assembly DEFINITION 28 The Frankfurt Assembly (, literally Frankfurt National Assembly) was the first freely elected parliament for all of Germany. TERM 29 Kleindeutsche Lsung DEFINITION 29 The Kleindeutsche Lsung ("Lesser German Solution") was a 19th century political idea postulating the idea of a unified Germany consisting of the members of the German Confederation, led by Hohenzollern Prussia, but excluding the Austrian Empire which was united with Hungary as the Dual Monarchy and not willing to separate. TERM 30 Grodeutschland DEFINITION 30 Grodeutschland (German "Greater Germany"), was the colloquial name of Germany as of March 1938. It encompassed the Third Reich and annexed countries and territories until its defeat in April 1945. TERM 31 General Windischgratz DEFINITION 31 Alfred Candidus Ferdinand, Prince of Windisch-Grtz () (May 11, 1787, Brussels-March 21, 1862, Vienna) was from a Styrian noble family and started service in the Habsburg imperial army in 1804. As an Austrian army officer he distinguished himself throughout the wars fought by the Habsburg Monarchy in the 19th century. Head of the army of Bohemia, lost against Kossuth's Hungarians. TERM 32 Austroslavism DEFINITION 32 Austroslavism was a political concept and program aimed to solve problems of Slavic peoples in the Austrian Empire. Engineered by Frantiek Palack as an opposition to pan- Slavism. Cooperation between smaller Slavic speaking countries that were not dominated by the Germans. TERM 33 Josip Jelacic DEFINITION 33 Count Josip Jelai of Buim (16 October 1801, Petrovaradin - 20 May 1859, Zagreb); also spelled Jellachich, Jellai or ) was the Ban of Croatia between 23 March 1848 and 19 May 1859. He was a member of the House of Jelai and a noted army general, remembered for his military campaigns during the Revolutions of 1848 and for his abolition of serfdom in Croatia. TERM 34 Krajina DEFINITION 34 Serbs of Croatia, sometimes called the Frontiersmen (Krajishniks, Grenzer), or Krajina Serbs, are the largest single national minority in the Republic of Croatia. TERM 35 Illyrian movement DEFINITION 35 The Illyrian movement (), also Croatian national revival (Hrvatski narodni preporod), was a cultural and political campaign initiated by a group of young Croatian intellectuals during the first half of 19th century, around the years of 1835-1849 (there is some disagreement regarding the official dates). Responsible for the development of the Serbo-Croatian language.