Comparative Study: Neolithic, Greek & Roman Expansion, Islamic Expansion, Exams of History

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History 133 Midterm Exam Questions with Verified Solutions-2024 Update. 1) Taken together, the Paleolithic and Neolithic eras make up what period of human history? - Correct answer the stone age 2) What development made possible the advent of agriculture? - Correct answer The Earth entering a warming phase 3) The development of agriculture and the domestication of animals were key elements in which of the following? - Correct answer The Neolithic revolution 4) Along with hierarchies based on wealth and power, the development of agriculture was intertwined with a hierarchy based on what trait? - Correct answer Gender 5) Which period in human history came first? - Correct answer Paleolithic era 6) What term do scholars use to describe the Mesopotamian economic system? - Correct answer Redistributive economy 7) Who ruled the first Mesopotamian Empire from his capital city of Akkad? - Correct answer Sargon 8) Which statement describes Mesopotamian culture? - Correct answer Mesopotamians enjoyed a vibrant and creative culture. 9) Which of these contributed to the decline of Mycenaean civilization between 1000 and 1200 B.C.E.? - Correct answer Earthquakes 10)Why are scholars not sure whether to count the Minoans as the earliest Greeks? - Correct answer Because of uncertainties about the origin of the Minoan language 11)In which of these areas did the Mesopotamians make long-lasting contributions? - Correct answer Mathematics 12)Which of these was an important consequence of the Minoans' development of Mediterranean polyculture? - Correct answer the diversification and specialization of agriculture 13)Which of these was an important consequence of the Minoans' development of Mediterranean polyculture? - Correct answer Population growth 14)What does evidence from Mycenaean tombs suggest about Mycenaean society? - Correct answer that it was a warrior culture 15)Why did the environment have a profound effect on the development of Mesopotamia? - Correct answer Agriculture was possible in the region only with irrigation. 16)Mycenaean societies were similar to the Sumerian city-states and the Minoans in that all three - Correct answer employed a redistributive economic system. 17)Under what circumstances did the Hittites launch their most far-reaching military campaigns? - Correct answer when ties between Hittite kings and nobles were strong 18)How were Minoan and Mycenaean societies different during the Bronze Age? - Correct answer The Minoans extended their religious worship outside their centers. 19)What characterized the New Kingdom of ancient Egypt? - Correct answer Enormous wealth and conscious imperialism 20)Which of these was a consequence of the growing use of bronze to make weapons? - Correct answer the intensification of social differences based on gender 21)Which of these states fell into decline as a result of Sea People attacks? - Correct answer The Hittites 22)What is the most likely reason that the Hittites made peace with the Egyptians? - Correct answer The Hittites were fearful of the Assyrians. 23)Which statement reflects a similarity between Egyptian and Mesopotamian society? - Correct answer Peasants paid their obligations to superiors in products and labor. 24)Which of these contributed to the flourishing of the Hittite state? - Correct answer the fertile land the Hittites controlled 25)How did Mycenaean rulers enrich themselves? - Correct answer by conducting naval raids 26)When did Spartan boys leave home and begin their military training? - Correct answer at age seven 27)Which of these helps explain why ancient Greece never unified into a single political state? - Correct answer its mountains impeded communication between regions. 28)Which of these was the source of Greek ideas about divine justice? - Correct answer Poems 29)What was an economic consequence of Greek colonization? - Correct answer the creation of a much larger market for agricultural and manufactured goods 30)Which of these explains why the Greeks learned to write again after the fall of the Mycenaean civilization? - Correct answer the discovery of Mycenaean texts 62)Which of the following was true of Athenian tragedies? - Correct answer they featured three actors to play the speaking roles and fifteen chorus members. 63)Which statement describes participants in mystery cults in ancient Greece? - Correct answer they underwent an initiation ritual and gained secret knowledge. 64)Which of these describes Athens in the decades following the Persian invasion? - Correct answer increasingly imperialistic 65)Which of these did Greek comedies and tragedies have in common? - Correct answer both were written in verse. 66)Which of these helps explain why the Greeks were able to defeat the Persians? - Correct answer their generals had better strategic foresight. 67)Which of these was part of the education of an elite Athenian young man? - Correct answer Musical instruction 68)Which of these was one of the three principal influences on Hellenistic culture? - Correct answer Greater interaction of diverse peoples 69)Which of these was a key factor in the decline and fall of the Hellenistic kingdoms? - Correct answer internal rivalries in their ruling families 70)What kind of behavior became associated with those who embraced the philosophy of Stoicism? - Correct answer Self-control and fortitude 71)With what was Socrates charged by his Athenian detractors? - Correct answer leading the city's youth into immorality 72)Which of these was an important demographic trend in the Hellenistic period? - Correct answer Non-Greeks and non-Macedonians from eastern regions began moving westward to the new Hellenistic Greek cities in increasing numbers. 73)In what way was a Hellenistic city different from a Greek polis? - Correct answer it was required to follow royal orders. 74)How did Alexander try to establish control over the regions he conquered? - Correct answer Keep an area's traditional administrative system in place while founding cities of Greeks and Macedonians in the conquered territory. 75)With which of these statements would Aristotle have agreed? - Correct answer some people are slaves by nature. 76)What significant conclusion did Aristarchus reach? - Correct answer the earth and planets revolved around the sun. 77)Which of these accurately describes the Hellenistic religious landscape? - Correct answer Traditional Greek cults remained popular, but new cults, especially those deifying kings, emerged. 78)What led to the First Punic War? - Correct answer Rome's determination to block Carthaginian expansion close to Italy 79)The patron-client system reflected the - Correct answer Roman belief that such ties were crucial to the maintenance of social stability. 80)Which of these groups was most opposed to the Gracchus brothers' proposals? - Correct answer the social elite 81)Which of these an important limitation on the Roman concept of a father's power? - Correct answer unofficial practice was often different from the official law. The social elite 82)How did the Romans view their gods? - Correct answer as immortal beings who could help and protect them 83)Roman expansion in Italy was distinguished by - Correct answer a combination of brutality and diplomacy. 84)Which of these helps explain Rome's victory in the First Punic War? - Correct answer The Romans mastered naval warfare. 85)Why was the creation of the Twelve Tables so important to the plebeians? - Correct answer it prevented patrician judges from ruling in law cases only according to their own wishes. 86)Which of these was revealed by the formation of the First Triumvirate? - Correct answer the way that private relationships had replaced communal values in Roman politics 87)Which of these was at the heart of the imperial financial crisis of the third century C.E.? - Correct answer Inflation 88)Which of these was true of Roman gladiatorial combat? - Correct answer free people sometimes voluntarily competed in gladiatorial combat. 89)How was Tiberius able to stay in power for twenty-three years? - Correct answer He retained the army's loyalty. 90)Which of these played an important role in Augustus's successful creation of the Roman Empire? - Correct answer His manipulation of political symbols 91)Why were the Romans forced to deploy a large part of the army in its eastern provinces in the third century C.E.? - Correct answer Because of renewed military power in Persia 92)Why was inflation a problem in the Roman Empire during the third century? - Correct answer the emperors reduced the amount of precious metal in coins. 93)Which of these was true of Roman slavery? - Correct answer Freed slaves were granted citizenship. 94)Why did Roman authorities find Christians troubling? - Correct answer Christian rituals seemed too bizarre and immoral to some Romans. 95)Which of these was true of Roman troop deployments in the Golden Age? - Correct answer most provinces were peaceful and required few troops. 96)Why did historians call the period of the five good emperors Rome's political Golden Age? - Correct answer because it had peaceful successions for nearly a century 97)How did the rule of Roman emperors from Diocletian on reflect Persian influences? - Correct answer they surrounded themselves with courtiers and ceremony. 98)Which of these was an important difference between Christians and polytheists in the third and fourth centuries? - Correct answer Polytheists did not believe Christians possessed the sole version of religious truth. 99)How did the migrations of new groups into Roman territory harm the empire's already weakened economy? - Correct answer it accelerated urban decline. 100) Which of these describes Constantine's religious policies? - Correct answer He tried to promote his own religion while placating those who followed a different faith. 101) Why did many people find Arianism appealing? - Correct answer its view of the Trinity corresponded to norms of family life. 102) Why were property owners increasingly unwilling to fill local offices during this period? - Correct answer such offices came with heavy financial obligations. 103) Why did the Huns cease to be a major threat to the Roman Empire after 453? - Correct answer their leader died. 104) What did the peoples who crossed into the empire in large numbers beginning in the late fourth century have in common? - Correct answer Fear of the Huns 105) Why did the rich have much better access to government services and legal protections than did the poor? - Correct answer because all government services had a fee attached 106) How did the migrations of new groups into Roman territory harm the empire's already weakened economy? - Correct answer it contributed to the disintegration of the Roman infrastructure. 107) What drove large numbers of people from the Roman frontiers into the empire in the late fourth century? - Correct answer Fear of the Huns 132) Which of these helped promote Islamic unity in the tenth and eleventh centuries? - Correct answer Trade 133) Which of these groups gained considerable new prestige and wealth from Byzantine military success after 850? - Correct answer the army 134) Which of the following was true of Abbasid rule? - Correct answer The Abbasid caliphs adhered to Persian courtly models. 135) Which of these undermined the Second Crusade? - Correct answer the lack of a coordinating strategy 136) What challenges did Byzantium face at the time that Alexius Commends became the Byzantine emperor? - Correct answer The Empire was under attack from every side. 137) Which of these contributed to a sense of solidarity among townspeople? - Correct answer they had mutual economic interests. 138) What was an important consequence of increased trade in the High Middle Ages? - Correct answer the standard of living in general rose. 139) The Great Schism 1054 - Correct answer finally separated the Western (Roman Catholic) Church from its Eastern (Greek Orthodox) counterpart. 140) The Great Schism of 1054 - Correct answer ultimately resulted from Leo IX's request that his increased powers be recognized in Constantinople. 141) Which of these was true of the crusader states? - Correct answer they were organized around military concerns. 142) What role did women play in the crusades? - Correct answer Women accompanied the crusades and played a variety of roles. 143) What challenges did Byzantium face at the time that Alexius Commends became the Byzantine emperor? - Correct answer the people of Constantinople were struggling under high taxes and rising living costs. 144) What did the Second through Eighth Crusades have in common? - Correct answer they were all military failures. 145) Which of these posed a threat to the position and status of nobles and knights in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries? - Correct answer the power of kings 146) Which of these did participants in the new religious reform movements of the late twelfth century place at the center of their spiritual and emotional lives? - Correct answer the life of Christ 147) Which of these was an important consequence of the Northern Crusades? - Correct answer The Baltic region adopted the institutions of western medieval society. 148) St. Francis can be credited with which of the following? - Correct answer bringing religious devotion out of the monastery and into the streets 149) Which of these helps explain the failure of the Third Crusade? - Correct answer the leaders of the crusade fought among themselves. 150) Where did the stiffest opposition to Henry's extension of royal courts come from? - Correct answer the church 151) Why did the German elite unanimously elect Frederick Barbarossa as emperor in 1152? - Correct answer they hoped he would bring peace to the empire. 152) What was the importance of the battle of Las Nava’s de Tools? - Correct answer the battle was the decisive turning point in the Reconquista. 153) What was a difference between the Romanesque and Gothic styles of medieval architecture? - Correct answer Gothic architecture was a style associated with cities. 154) What steps did Henry II take to curb the power of barons and churchmen and extend monarchical authority? - Correct answer He imposed royal justice on as many of his subjects as possible. 155) Why did thirteenth-century townspeople gather to hear preachers like Berthold? - Correct answer they wanted to know how the Christian message applied to their daily lives. 156) Parliaments grew out of which of the following? - Correct answer Papal councils 157) What was the most important consequence of Philip IV of France's decision to order the arrest of Bernard Suisse, the bishop of Pampers, on a charge of treason? - Correct answer it led to the calling of a new representative assembly. 158) How did Pope Innocent III see his relationship to secular rulers? - Correct answer He thought of himself as ruling in the place of Christ the King, with kings and emperors existing to help the pope. 159) How did the place of the parliament of Paris in French government change under Louis IX? - Correct answer its influence increased greatly. 160) Which of these describes the relationship between the scholastics and Aristotle? - Correct answer they thought that Aristotle's work was an excellent foundation upon which to build. 161) Which of these is an example of the way manuscript illumination was influenced by Gothic cathedrals? - Correct answer Elements of Gothic architecture were incorporated into backgrounds. 162) Which of these helped create the Great Famine of the early fourteenth century? - Correct answer Heavy rains 163) Which of these was an important goal of the scholastics? - Correct answer to demonstrate the harmony between knowledge obtained from reason and knowledge derived from faith 164) How did European peasants respond to the pressures created by the Great Famine? - Correct answer some rose in rebellion. 165) Why did the German emperor Henry VI see Sicily as a valuable acquisition? - Correct answer He hoped to use it as a base to gain control of Italy. 166) In what way was the Castilian Cortes innovative? - Correct answer it was the first such representative body to include townsmen. 167) Which of these describes the thirteenth-century Franciscan Berthold? - Correct answer a wandering preacher who gave public sermons 168) Why was Louis IX of France revered? - Correct answer for his skills as an administrator and judge 169) Which of these explains why the impact of the Fourth Lateran Council's provisions was less dramatic than church leaders hoped? - Correct answer Local political authorities often failed to enforce church laws. 170) How did the Mongol conquests change the relationship between Europe and Asia? - Correct answer The Mongols created new connections between the East and the West. 171) In what sense were the early stages of the Hundred Years' War contrary to chivalric expectations? - Correct answer the soldiers of the Hundred Years' War were primarily mercenaries. 172) Why did most survivors of the fourteenth-century plague enjoy a better and more varied diet? - Correct answer Ordinary people had more money to spend on food. 173) Which of these was an important consequence of the marriage of Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon in 1469? - Correct answer Decades of violence on the Iberian Peninsula came to an end. 174) The Florentine canasta and Domesday were alike in that both - Correct answer systematically functioned as censes for rulers to understand their lands. 175) Which of these was an important difference between Venice and Florence in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries? - Correct answer Florentine politics and society were far more turbulent than those of Venice.