History from the advent of Islam, Exams of History

Download History from the advent of Islam and more Exams History in PDF only on Docsity! Running head: HISTORY FROM THE ADVENT OF ISLAM TO 1500 CE 1 History from the advent of Islam to 1500 CE Student’s Name Institution Instructor’s Name Date HISTORY FROM THE ADVENT OF ISLAM TO 1500 CE 2 History from the advent of Islam to 1500 CE Q.1. The controversy over authority, was the key reason why Islam was divided into the Shia and Sunni. The Sunni take up about 90% of the world’s Muslim population while the Shia uphold the remaining share. In simple perception the difference is quite inconsiderable. Nonetheless, a keen insight exhibits a complex difference that exist between the two assemblage. From time memorial in Islam history, there has been a conflicting notion on how the caliph or rather the Imam should be selected. The Sunni strongly believe that, caliphs should can be selected by the Ummah (the public). In contrast, the Shia Muslims believe that an Imam should only be selected through divine intervention. For one to be appointed as an Imam, possession of qualities such as infallibility, and display and approval of being a prodigy in Islamic sciences and teachings as well as statutes and commandments of Islam. In consistent with the mentioned controversy, theologians and thinkers in early Islamic era established approaches through which an individual should exhibit to assume such a position. Such approaches include, unanimous selection by public- Shia Muslims. Q.2. Shariah factually means ‘the way’. Is an Islamic religious statute that regulates religious rituals and as well as every day dealings of an Islam. Additionally, it formulated from the sacred book- Koran. Shariah as an Islamic Law is the clear path to the water that is not only sought but also attracts Muslims to this religion. Every Muslims looks forward to a spiritual life. The legitimate way to this king of life is through abiding by the everything that is stated in the Shariah. Shariah purse, originated from Allah, that is why it entirely sacred. Nevertheless, in the seventh and 10th century there were attempts by accepted intellectual persons to construe the Shariah. This is in accordance with the expanding Muslim empire which necessitated a law that can easily be integrated. Therefore, the law makes use of four credible sources; the Quran, the HISTORY FROM THE ADVENT OF ISLAM TO 1500 CE 5 use of compass. For instance, the earliest reference to something like a compass in the Muslim world first occurred in a Persian monograph. In the book, the compass is applied in navigation in a trip into the Red sea as well as the Persian Gulf. The design of the compass designated, is actually from China, thus, indicating its coverage outside China. In the world of the Arabs, the earliest reference to a compass was in Cairo Egypt. This was through the works of navigation by Baylak al-Qibjaqi. Important Themes and Questions in Berkey, pp. 113- 158 Q.1. The main features of Islamic society in the period from 8th and 10th Century was development and prosperity. It was an Islamic Golden Age where most of the Islamic world had installed caliphates as its leaders. Furthermore, Science, cultural works, besides economy developed handsomely. The compilation of the hadith was inspired by the fact that, the life and traditions of the prophet was a clear interpretation and explanation of the Quran. It is through his teachings that Muslims would accurately comprehend the exact meanings of the Quran. What is more, Muhammad relied on divine intervention to interpret the Quran, thus, his teachings were accurate and meant what they were supposed to. To add, it was a practical application of Muslims’ life and an additional to source that supplemented the Quran. Q.2. First it is pointed out that leadership was a point of contention in the early Islamic society. Thus, explain why the Abbasid brought about disputes of the identity and legitimacy of the ruler. The Abbasid carried on a bloody operation killing as many members of the Umayyad family as possible. The violence can be attributed both inter- and intra-dynastic misunderstandings. However, when the first Caliph Al-Saffah was murdered due to the fact that he did not descend from Ali ibn Abi Talib, it was vivid that there existed a great tension on who HISTORY FROM THE ADVENT OF ISLAM TO 1500 CE 6 the ruler should. From then there has been a separation in both religion and political perception of things among the two-opposing group. Q.3. To begin with, Shiites believe that selection of the Imam should involve divine intervention. With this in mind, there are several ways in the medieval Islam through which the Shia identified the Iman. First, the person to take the position of an Iman should display a highbrow understanding the Islamic sciences, teachings, and all the teachings in the field. Additionally, he should be exhibiting a divine power to illustrate that he truly chosen by Allah. The Shiite believe in the Twelve imams as the spiritual successors of Prophet Muhammad. They are divinely guided which is the crucial believe by the Shia. They acted as leaders and were consulted on various issues. In consistent with al-mofid and Allamah Hilli, the imamate has the responsibility to establish an institution between the living and world. Furthermore, he has a universal responsibility over religious and secular matters. Q.4. In contrast with the Shiite, the Sunni consensually select the caliphate. Hence, they do not believe in the succession of prophet Muhammad. The caliphate among the Sunni does not to have to be knowledgeable about Islamic sciences and teachings. He is only required to be accepted and followed by the people. The caliphate is the substitute to the Muhammad, and therefore, he is supposed to preserve religion and political leadership. Besides, he was the royal authority since is the resemblance of prophet Muhammad. Moreover, he is designated to be in charge of prayer as well as the judge office. On the other side, the Sharia is a law that is very crucial to any Muslims. First, it is the defined as the clear path. It is the doctrine which when accurately followed guarantees the spiritual life. Thus, like the constitution, it gives guidance to Muslims on how they should conduct themselves. Its high accuracy is attributed to the source HISTORY FROM THE ADVENT OF ISLAM TO 1500 CE 7 through which it is established. One of the sources being the Quran which is the ultimate Monograph in the Islam world. Q.5. Sufism like Islam itself took time to develop. Those who practiced Sufism- the Sufis have occasionally differed with political authorities as well as the Ulama. Sufis practiced mysticism which is described as the inner dimension of spiritual life. There believe has some verses supporting the claims, however, the fact it does not fully defend the faith makes Sufism unpopular and below Islam. Sufism is was began in the Islamic Golden Age between 8th and 10th century. It was not so new since it was being practiced by the Sahaba. To add, some of the Sufis include Basra and Hasan. WEEK 4 Important Themes and Questions in Hourani. Q.1. The geographical location of the Arabs their way of living. To begin with, the Arabs were grouped into two; the nomads and those who had permanent settlement. Nevertheless, the dominant category were the nomads which included the Nomadic Banu Hilal in the North Africa and Asia, the Turks, and finally the Mongols who greatly impacted settled life. The two groups shared a social system. The system consisted of the simplest unit- family, then clan, and finally the tribe. This basic social setting facilitating supplementary teachings concerning gender roles. As a matter of fact, the teachings were independent of the religious coaching which was taking place primarily in the cities. Both Genders had the roles clearly stated and was followed to the latter. Having mentioned that, most women were assigned to carry out household duties and most of the domestic tasks at home.