History of Criminology - Criminology - Lecture Slides, Slides of Criminal Justice

Download History of Criminology - Criminology - Lecture Slides and more Slides Criminal Justice in PDF only on Docsity! Brief History of Criminology • Demonic Perspective (Middle Ages, 1200-1600) • Classical School (the late 1700s and the early 1800s ) • Neo-classical school (emerged between 1880 and 1920 and is still with us today) • Positivism (the mid 1800s and early 1900s) • Sociological Criminology (mid 1800s till now) Docsity.com The Underlying Logic Defective genes Atavism Mental and Physical Inferiority Criminal Behavior Inability to Learn and Follow legal rules Docsity.com Research Methods in Criminology • Experiments • Field research • Survey research • Existing data research Docsity.com Classic Experiment Experimental group Study Population Control group Treatment Outcome Outcome Compare Outcomes Docsity.com The Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment (1983) • Police officers volunteering to take whatever action was dictated by a random system: instruction in an envelope • Three different instructions: (1) arrest the suspect; (2) separate or remove the suspect from the scene for 8 hours; (3) advise and mediate Docsity.com Field studies 1. How to locate offenders? (e.g., drug dealers, rapists, burglars) 2. How to recruit offenders? Docsity.com Offenders behind bars Docsity.com Criminals behind bars… • Unsuccessful criminals • Unskilled criminals • Lacking access to “nice” criminal network • Might not be honest Docsity.com How to locate active criminals? 1. Contact someone who is closest in the social structure to the offender (police officer, probation officer, judge, crime reporter, etc.) and ask to be introduced to the subject • This option can be effective, but it also might arouse suspicion of offenders • Research as a “sting” operation Docsity.com How to locate active criminals? Find an area where criminals might hang out Visit the area and made yourself familiar to the regular crowd of hangers-out Learn from them who the dealers are and where they work Construct friendships with offenders, if possible Docsity.com How to study rapists? • How to locate rapists? • How to recruit rapists for the study? Docsity.com Two types of rapists • Admitters - told essentially the same account of their crimes as police and victims did. • Deniers – their version of the crime differed significantly from police and victims' versions. Docsity.com Justifications of Deniers 1. Women as seductresses; 2. Women mean “yes” when they say "no"; 3. Most women eventually relax and enjoy it; 4. Nice girls don't get raped; 5. Guilty of a minor wrongdoing. Docsity.com Typical denier • “….When you take a woman out, woo her, then she says "no, I'm a nice girl," you have to use force. All men do this. She said "no" but it was a societal no, she wanted to be coaxed. All women say "no" when they mean "yes" but it's a societal no, so they won't have to feel responsible later.” Docsity.com Admitters: Justifications 1. The use of Alcohol and Drugs 2. Emotional problems 3. Nice Guy Image Docsity.com Nice Guy Image • “It's different from anything else I've ever done. I feel more guilt about this. It's not consistent with me. When I talk about it, it's like being assaulted myself. 1 don't know why I did it, but once started, I got into it. Armed robbery was a way of life for me, but not rape. I feel like I wasn't being myself.” Docsity.com Extreme example • Even a young man, who raped his five victims at gun point and then stabbed them to death, attempted to improve his image by stating: • “I was always gentle and kind until I started to kill them. And the killing was always sudden, so they wouldn't know it was coming.” Docsity.com