History of Evolutionary Thought - Roots of Science - Lecture Slides, Slides of Life Sciences

Download History of Evolutionary Thought - Roots of Science - Lecture Slides and more Slides Life Sciences in PDF only on Docsity! History of Evolutionary Thought I. The Biblical Perspective II. 17th Century Theories of the Earth III. Catastrophism and Uniformitarianism IV. Physics and the Age of the Earth V. Diversity VI. Before Darwin VII. Charles Darwin (1809 – 1882) VIII. Darwin’s Other Big Idea IX. The Modern Synthesis X. Modern Genetics Docsity.com I. The Biblical Perspective (Genesis) A. Genesis: Metaphoric until 17th Century B. Creation account in Genesis 1: 1-3 • Days of Creation Day one: Heavens and Earth; light; day and night Day two: the Firmament; waters divided Day three: waters and dry land organized; plants Day four: Lights (stars) in the Firmament Day five: Sea creatures and birds Day six: Land animals; man and woman Day seven: Rest and blessing; last day holy • Starting with Augustine • Fundamentalist movement (early 1900s reaction against materialism and Higher Criticism) Docsity.com II. Theories of the Earth A. James Ussher (1581 – 1656) and the age of the Earth 1. Based on Biblical chronologies and historical records 2. 4004 BCE B. Physical explanations for the Flood 1. Descartes: Earth a dead star • Flood from collapse of originally smooth surface 2. Newton: flood from near collision with a comet Docsity.com II. Theories of the Earth C. Theories on Fossils 1. Idealized forms 2. Mythological creatures 3. Organisms formed within the Earth, but didn’t make it 4. Sports of nature 5. Nicolas Steno (1638 – 1686) Docsity.com II. Theories of the Earth D. Comte de Buffon (1707 – 1788) 1. Natural History • Experimented with cooling of large spheres • Calculated Earth to be 75, 000 years old • Censured by the Church; forced to recant Docsity.com II. Theories of the Earth E. Stratigraphy 4. Best method for identifying strata: index fossils William ‘Strata’ Smith (1769 - 1839) Docsity.com II. Theories of the Earth E. Stratigraphy 1. Index fossils linked to Geologic Periods 2. Relative dating Docsity.com III. Catastrophism and Uniformitarianism A. Catastrophism 2. Georges Cuvier (1769 - 1832) • Father of Paleontology • Extinction! • 5 major extinctions • Each extinction followed by new assemblage of flora and fauna • Cuvier’s explanation: new assemblage by migration • Boundaries abrupt; sudden extinction caused by catastrophes • Others: last extinction (Cretaceous – Triassic) was the caused by the Great Flood (not necessarily worldwide) • Vehemently anti-evolution 1. Neptunists – rocks formed from Flood Docsity.com III. Catastrophism and Uniformitarianism C. Modern View 1. Synthesis, but … . Docsity.com III. Catastrophism and Uniformitarianism C. Modern View 2. Plate tectonics and continental drift • Alfred Wegener (1880- 1930) • Sea floor spreading Docsity.com PERMIAN TRIASSIC 225 million years ago 200 million years ago JURASSIC CRETACEOUS. 150 million years ago. 65 million years ago Docsity.com PRESENT DAY IV. Physics and the Age of the Earth B. Discovery of Radioactivity (1896) 2. Radioactive decay • Radioactive isotopes decay from one type of atom to another • C14 >>> N14 Half- life = 5730 years Radioisotopes commonly used in radiometric dating Radioisotope (unstable) More stable product Half-life (years) Useful range (years) Samarium 147 Neodymium 143 106 billion > 100 million Rubidium 87 Strontium 87 48.8 billion > 100 million Thorium 232 Lead 206 14 billion > 200 million Uranium 238 Lead 206 4.5 billion > 100 million Potassium 40 Argon 40 1.25 billion > 100 thousand Uranium 235 Lead 207 700 million > 100 million Carbon 14 Nitrogen 14 5, 730 0-60 thousand Docsity.com IV. Physics and the Age of the Earth B. Discovery of Radioactivity (1896) 3. Absolute Time Scale (Geologic Time Scale) 4. Age of the Earth: 4.55 billion years Docsity.com