History project on India’s independence and partition, Study Guides, Projects, Research of History

Download History project on India’s independence and partition and more Study Guides, Projects, Research History in PDF only on Docsity! Indian Independence and Partition Sepoy Rebellion 1857-1859 – A mutiny arose by Indian troops stationed in Delhi. – Results • 1.) British and Indian attitudes changed towards British rule of India • 2.) Year long insurrection • 3.) Dissolution of the British East India Company • 4.) Beginning of British Raj, when Great Britain ruled India directly • WWI: 1914-1919 – Britain promises India self-rule if they help fight in the war – Gandhi supports war effort in hopes of achieving self- rule for India – When war ends, Britain made a few reforms and refused to grant India self-government Major Events • The Amritsar Massacre of 1919 Major Events General Dyer How did the Amritsar massacre change the attitude and goals of the Indian National Congress and Muslim League? Gandhi said, “Cooperation in any shape or form with this satanic government is sinful.” • According to Gandhi, what are his three goals to win independence from Great Britain? Message to the Masses 3. Must defy the British – Not through violence 1. Hindu-Muslim Unity 2. Must end “untouchability” • Boycotts British goods • Goes on Hunger strikes in prison and to stop violent protests. Gandhi Leads Non-Violent Protests The Salt March 1. British law claimed that the British had sole right to produce and sell salt in India 2. Gandhi wrote to Viceroy stating his intent to break the law 3. With 78 followers he marched 240 miles t o the sea. By the time he reached the sea, thousands of people had joined the march Muhammad Ali Jinnah D. Disagreement with Gandhi led to Muslim- Congress split E. Jinnah began to fear Hindu domination of Congress – A “Hindu Raj” F. Began to support the idea for an independent Muslim homeland, Pakistan or “land of the pure”. What is the Partition of India? The partition of India is the separation of India on Aug. 14, 1947 and Aug. 15, 1947 into the states of the Dominion of Pakistan and the Union of India, respectively. India was separated on the day of gaining independence from British, due to tensions between the Hindus and the Muslims living in the country. India gained independence after 350 years of British presence in the country. Above: A current day map of India India Independence and Partition • Grants full Independence to India in 1947 • Partitions India by creating East and West Pakistan to avoid religious conflict – Gandhi not pleased Jinnah was able to get equal say at negotiations and refused to accept living under “Hindu Rule.” Jinnah planned to say a joke when he met Lady Mountbatten when he said, “A rose between two thorns.” However, he thought she would be in the middle. TRAIN TO PAKISTAN ; India 1947. Trains packed with refugees - Hindus and Sikhs headed for India , and / Muslims headed for Pakistan - were convenient targets for gangs of killers on both sides of the border. Golden Temple of the Sikhs Indian Independence and Partition Due to this Hindu-Muslim split, a Great Migration occurred where Hindus in Pakistan and Muslims in India left their homes in an attempt to go where they felt accepted. Unfortunately, this led to horrendous violence that killed millions of people. Indian Independence and Partition Kashmir Region • Muslim majority with Hindu Maharaja •Conflict starts immediately after Maharaja is forced to flee. •India goes to war with Pakistan over control of Kashmir in October of 1947 •UN negotiates a line of control and cease fire but no peace is reached. •Both countries claim all of Kashmir Indian Independence and Partition Religious and political conflict remained a problem. In the 1980s, Sikhs demanded an independent state of Punjab and assassinated Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi (Nehru’s Daughter) in 1984. Indian Independence and Partition Other Developments in the region: After fierce fighting, Bangladesh (East Pakistan) split from West Pakistan in 1971. In 1983, an endless war erupted in Sri Lanka with Hindu Tamils, the minority who wanted their own independent nation, fighting against the majority Buddhist Sinhalese. In the first of these clashes, India sent troops to restore order. As a result, the Terrorist group known as the Tamil Tigers assassinated Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi (Indira Gandhi’s son) in 1991. Terrorism continues there today.