HISTORY TIMELINE OF ELECTRICITY, Lecture notes of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Download HISTORY TIMELINE OF ELECTRICITY and more Lecture notes Electrical and Electronics Engineering in PDF only on Docsity! Name: Virgilio N. Ignacio Jr Course/Year/Major: Bsed 3A Science HISTORY TIMELINE OF ELECTRICITY 1600: William Gilbert (England) derived the name "electricity" from the Greek word "elektron," which means "amber." Many chemicals were electrified, according to Gilbert. He also coined the words "electric force," "magnetic pole," and "electric attraction." He also used amber to study static electricity. Because the Greek word for amber is elektron, Gilbert chose to call the effect the electric force. In the shape of a pivoting needle he dubbed the versorium, he developed the first electrical measuring device, the electroscope. 1660: Otto von Guericke (Germany) a politician, physicist, engineer, and natural philosopher, built the world's first air pump. He made significant contributions to the fundamental concepts of fluid and gas physics by executing and analyzing several groundbreaking vacuum experiments. Then he built a mechanism that created static electricity after describing and demonstrating a vacuum. 1675: Stephen Gray (England) Electrical charges are separated into conductors and nonconductors. He discovered that electricity could pass around bends in the thread without being influenced by gravity. He could also transmit charges to metal items (poker, tongs, kettle, and so on) that were considered 'non-electrics' at the time since they couldn't create or store a static charge. He also determined that silk would not be able to convey the 'virtue,' but thicker pack-thread and wire could. Ben Franklin (U.S.) was a diplomat, statesman, author, publisher, scientist, and inventor. Franklin was born into a poor Boston household and received minimal formal schooling. He went on to become wealthy after starting a successful printing firm in Philadelphia. The link between lightning and electricity was proven by Franklin's experiment. Franklin's kite was not struck by lightning, to disprove another myth. Experts believe he would have been electrocuted if it had happened. Instead, the kite gathered up the storm's ambient electrical charge. He proved that static electricity and lightning were identical. Alessandro Volta (Italy) Alessandro Volta, in full Conte Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta, (born February 18, 1745, Como, Lombardy [Italy]—died March 5, 1827, Como), Italian physicist whose skepticism of Luigi Galvani’s theory of animal electricity led him to propose that an electrical current is generated by contact between different metals. 1660 1752 1880 1820: Separate experiments by Hans Christian Oersted (Denmark), Andre-Marie Ampere (France), and Francois Arago confirmed the relationship between electricity and magnetism. Hans Christian Oersted (Denmark) He discovered that the magnetized needle of a compass was deflected anytime the electric current through a voltaic pile (an early form of the battery) was started or halted while preparing to do an experiment during a lecture at the University of Copenhagen. This unexpected result proved that electricity and magnetism are intertwined phenomena. In the early 1820s, the revelation of Orsted's finding sparked a massive burst of study in the emerging science of electromagnetics. Andre-Marie Ampere (France) His contributions laid the groundwork upon which the science of electrodynamics (a term coined by Ampère, but now more commonly referred to as electromagnetics) has been built. Dominique-françois-jean Arago, (born Feb. 26, 1786, Estagel, Roussillon, France—died Oct. 2, 1853, Paris), French physicist who discovered the principle of the production of magnetism by rotation of a nonmagnetic conductor. He also devised an experiment that proved the wave theory of light and engaged with others in research that led to the discovery of the laws of light polarization. 1821: Michael Faraday (England) Michael Faraday was born in south London on September 22, 1791. Discovered the electro-magnetic rotation concept, which would later be crucial in the development of the electric motor. Electromagnetic induction, the concept behind the electric transformer and generator, was discovered by Faraday. This breakthrough was critical in transforming electricity from a curiosity to a powerful new technology. He focused on developing his thoughts on electricity throughout the rest of the decade. Many well-known terms were coined as a result of his work, including 'electrode,' 'cathode,' and 'ion.' 1826: Georg Ohm (Germany) Ohms Law describes the connection between power, voltage, current, and resistance. Georg Simon Ohm was a German scientist who is best known for his "Ohm's Law," which says that current flow through a conductor is proportional to the potential difference (voltage) and inversely proportional to resistance. The Ohm (symbol: Ω) is a physical unit of electrical resistance named after him. 1831: Using his invention the induction ring, Michael Faraday (England) proved that changes in an electromagnetic field may induce (create) electricity. Electrical transformers and motors were discovered as a result of Faraday's research on how electricity current operates. Separately, Joseph Henry (US) discovered the principle of electromagnetic induction, although he did not publish his findings. He also talked about how an electric motor works. 1835: Joseph Henry (U.S.) Joseph Henry (December 17, 1797 - May 13, 1878) was a scientist and engineer from the United States. He discovered the electromagnetic phenomena of self-inductance while manufacturing electromagnets. In addition to mutual inductance, he found it independently of Michael Faraday, but Faraday was the first to publish his findings. His work on the electromagnetic relay formed the foundation for Morse and Wheatstone's invention of the electrical telegraph. The henry, a SI unit of inductance, is named after him. 1837: Thomas Davenport (U.S.) was born in Williamstown, Vermont, USA. He became an apprentice to a blacksmith at age 14. Later on he set up his own blacksmith shop in Brandon, Vermont. There was a local iron industry in Brandon and Davenport married the daughter of a local merchant. He loved books and acquired all the books he could find on electricity and magnetism. invented the electric motor, an invention that is used in most electrical appliances today. 1820 ’s 1830’ s 1911: W. Carrier (U.S.) Willis Haviland Carrier Born November 26, 1876, in Angola, New York. Carrier invented the first electrical air conditioning unit in 1902. The “Father of Air Conditioning,” Willis Carrier’s invention gave rise to numerous industries that power our economy today. 1913: Fred Wolf Jr. Fred W. Wolf, a refrigeration engineer and architect specializing in brewery building, was born in Chicago. In 1878, Wolf Sr. was granted permission to manufacture and market the Linde ammonia refrigeration system in the United States. His first house refrigerator was an electric refrigerator. While his model was a failure, one of his ideas, the ice cube tray, became popular and was adopted in the models of his competitors. 1943 - 1946: The first general purpose electronic digital computer, ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer), was built. 1950: John Hopps (Canada) discovered: if a heart stopped beating due to cooling, it could be started again by artificial stimulation using mechanical or electric means. This lead to his invention of the world's first cardiac pacemaker. 1953: IBM's 701 EDPM was the first commercially successful general-purpose computer. 1961: The first electronic desktop calculators were the Anita Mk VII and Mk 8 which used vacuum tube technology. 1962: Steve Russell (U.S.) invented Spacewar! The first game intended for computer use. 1972: The arcade game Pong was created by Nolan Bushnell. 1993: The first PDAs or Personal Digital Assistants are released by the Apple Corporation (U.S.). 1998: Ericsson, IBM, Intel, and Nokia cooperated to develop Bluetooth technology that allows wireless communication between mobile phones, laptops, pcs, printers, digital cameras, and video game consoles. 2001: The iPod, a portable media player, was launched by the Apple Corporation. 2004: With the full color range of the high power light emitting diodes (LEDs), more advanced architectural designs and stage and studio lighting were developed. Colored LEDs reduce power consumption. 2000’ s 1990’ s References Alessandro Volta. 2012-2021. <https://nationalmaglab.org/education/magnet-academy/history- of-electricity-magnetism/pioneers/alessandro-volta>. André-Marie Ampère. 2012-2021. <https://nationalmaglab.org/education/magnet-academy/history-of-electricity- magnetism/pioneers/andre-marie-ampere>. Domb, Cyrill. James Clerk Maxwell. 24 Sept 2021. <https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Clerk-Maxwel>. Editors, History.com. "Nikola Tesla." 2020. <https://www.history.com/topics/inventions/nikola- tesla>. Hans Christian Ørsted. 2012-2021. <https://nationalmaglab.org/education/magnet-academy/history-of-electricity- magnetism/pioneers/hans-christian-orsted>. History Timeline of Electricity from 600 BC. n.d. <https://www.jonesborocwl.org/view/131#top>. M.Whelan, Edwin Reilly Jr., and Steve Rockwell. Joseph Henry. 2014. <https://edisontechcenter.org/JosephHenry.html>. Michael Faraday (1791-1867). 2014. <https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/faraday_michael.shtml>. Samuel Morse. 2021. <http://www.samuelmorse.net/>. Tikkanen, Amy. François Arago. n.d. <https://www.britannica.com/biography/Francois-Arago>. Wittendorfer, Dr. Frank. Werner von Siemens. 1996-2021. <https://new.siemens.com/global/en/company/about/history/stories/werner-von- siemens.html>.