Anatomy and Physiology: Key Terms and Definitions for the Human Body's Major Systems, Quizzes of Nutrition

Download Anatomy and Physiology: Key Terms and Definitions for the Human Body's Major Systems and more Quizzes Nutrition in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Circulatory System DEFINITION 1 The circulatory system is an organ system that passes nutrients, gases, hormones, blood cells, etc. TERM 2 Lymphatic System DEFINITION 2 The lymphoid system is the part of the immune system comprising a network of conduits called lymphatic vessels that carry a clear fluid called lymph unidirectionally toward the heart. TERM 3 Hormonal System DEFINITION 3 In physiology, the endocrine system is a system of glands, each of which secretes a type of hormone directly into the bloodstream to regulate the body. TERM 4 Nervous System DEFINITION 4 The nervous system is an organ system containing a network of specialized cells called neurons that coordinate the actions of an animal and transmit signals between different parts of its body. TERM 5 Immune System DEFINITION 5 An immune system is a system of biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease by identifying and killing pathogens and tumor cells. TERM 6 Digestive System DEFINITION 6 Digestion is the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into smaller components that are more easily absorbed into a blood stream, for instance. TERM 7 Excretory System DEFINITION 7 The excretory system is a passive biological system that removes excess, unnecessary or dangerous materials from an organism, so as to help maintain homeostasis within the organism and prevent damage to the body. TERM 8 Storage System DEFINITION 8 System that stores energy and material that the body needs TERM 9 Cell DEFINITION 9 The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all known living organisms. Smallest unit in which independent life can exist TERM 10 Tissue DEFINITION 10 systems of cells working together to perform specialized tasks TERM 21 Adipose DEFINITION 21 In histology, adipose tissue or body fat or fat depot or just fat is loose connective tissue composed of adipocytes. TERM 22 Glycogen DEFINITION 22 Glycogen is a molecule that serves as the secondary long- term energy storage in animal and fungal cells, with the primary energy stores being held in adipose tissue. TERM 23 Pancreas DEFINITION 23 organ with two main functions. One is an endocrine function- making of hormones such as insulin, which it releases directly into the blood. Other is an exocrine function-the making of digestive enzymes, which it releases through a duct into the small intestine to assist in digestion TERM 24 Gallbladder DEFINITION 24 In vertebrates the gallbladder is a small organ that aids mainly in fat digestion and concentrates bile produced by the liver. TERM 25 Bile Duct DEFINITION 25 cholesterol-containing digestive fluid made by the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and released into the small intestine when needed TERM 26 Basic Tastes DEFINITION 26 BitterSourSaltSweetUmami TERM 27 Digestive Tract DEFINITION 27 The human gastrointestinal tract refers to the stomach and intestine, and sometimes to all the structures from the mouth to the anus. TERM 28 Kidneys DEFINITION 28 The kidneys, organs with several functions, serve essential regulatory roles in most animals, including vertebrates and some invertebrates. TERM 29 Bile DEFINITION 29 Bile or gall is a bitter-tasting, dark green to yellowish brown fluid, produced by the liver of most vertebrates, that aids the process of digestion of lipids in the small intestine. Emulisifies fats and oils to ready them for enzymatic digestion TERM 30 Gastric Juices DEFINITION 30 Gastric acid is a digestive fluid, formed in the stomach. TERM 31 Mucus DEFINITION 31 Slippery coating of the digestive tract lining that protects the cells from exposure to digestive juices TERM 32 Saliva DEFINITION 32 Saliva, referred to in various contexts as spit, spittle, drivel, drool, or slobber, is the watery substance produced in the mouths of humans and most other animals. Breaks down starch and fat at molecular level TERM 33 Chime DEFINITION 33 Fluid resulting from the actions of the stomach upon a meal