Understanding Amino Acids: Structure, Function, and Nutrition, Quizzes of Nutrition

Download Understanding Amino Acids: Structure, Function, and Nutrition and more Quizzes Nutrition in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Proteins: What are they made up of? Arranged as? DEFINITION 1 CarbonOxygen HydrogenNitrogenArranged as a strand of amino acids TERM 2 Amino Acids: What are they? And what are they made up of? DEFINITION 2 They are the building blocks of proteinsConsist of:Amino groupAcid groupSide Chain TERM 3 Essential Amino Acids: What are they? How many are there? DEFINITION 3 The amino acids that the body cannot produceTherefore the need to be eaten 9 TERM 4 Conditionally Essential Amino Acid: What are they? DEFINITION 4 Amino Acids that are NOT essential because the body can produce them.Must be supplied in special circumstances TERM 5 Path ways AA can take once in cell. DEFINITION 5 Build Protein Make another needed compound Make another type of amino acid Burned for energy Convert to glucose and burned as energy or stored as glycogen Convert to fat and burned for energy or stored in adipose tissue TERM 6 Protein Digestion and Absorption: Mouth - Colon DEFINITION 6 Mouth- protein is softenedStomach- enzymes attack protein, breaking it down Pepsin creates large polypeptides Small Intestine- polypeptides are broken down further intodipeptides and tripeptides. THEN those are broken downintestinalcells absorbs and transfer AA into the bloodstream Bloodstream- transports AA to body's cells TERM 7 Peptides: What are they? What are the names to 1-3 strands of peptides? DEFINITION 7 Strand of amino acids 1- polypeptide2-dipeptides3- tripeptides TERM 8 Electrolyte Balance: What does it do? DEFINITION 8 Maintains the proper type of fluidsand minerals and amount of fluids and minerals in certain areas of the body TERM 9 Enzymes: What do they do? DEFINITION 9 Speeds up the rate of chemical reactions without altering itself TERM 10 Edema: What is it? DEFINITION 10 Swelling of body tissues caused by fluid leakage from blood vessels TERM 21 Lacto Vegetarian DEFINITION 21 A person who eats plants and dairy NO MEAT, NO EGGS TERM 22 Ovo Vegetarian DEFINITION 22 A person who eats plants and eggs NO MEAT, NO DAIRY TERM 23 Vegan DEFINITION 23 Eatsonly plant sources: vegetables, grains, legumes, fruits, seeds, and nuts TERM 24 Flexitarian DEFINITION 24 Diet primarily plant based but eat meat and fish as well TERM 25 HCl: What does it do to protein? Where? DEFINITION 25 Hydrochloric acid denatures protein in stomach TERM 26 Marasmus: What is it? How bad? DEFINITION 26 Chronic- deficiency of protein Syptoms:Weight LossNO Edema no fatty liver muscle and fat wastingdevelop slowly TERM 27 Kwashiorkor: What is it? How bad? DEFINITION 27 Acute deficiency of protein SymptomsInfectionsSome weight loss Some muscle and fat wastingEDEMAloss of appetite TERM 28 Water Soluble: What is it? Witch Vitamins apply? DEFINITION 28 Dissolves in water Easily Absorbed andExcreted Absorbed directly into the BLOODSTREAM Seldom toxicity Cooking and washing with water can activate them Not storedextensively in tissues Best to gain recommenced amount over 3 daysBEST TO EAT WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS MORE OFTEN THAN FAT SOULBLE VITAMINS Applies to: Vitamin C and All B Vitamins TERM 29 Fat Soluble: What is it? Witch Vitamins apply? DEFINITION 29 Found in fat and oils of foodNeed BILE for absorption ABSORBED by the LYMPHSTORED in LIVERandFAT TISSUESuntil needed Travels trough body associated with protein carriers Has diverse roles in bodyCan go weeks without consuming Fat-Soluble VitaminsToxicity can occur if to much a fat-soluble vitamin is consumedall vitamins help bone formation except E APPLYS TO VITAMINS A,D,E,K TERM 30 Anti-oxidant: What is it? What Vitamins act as one? DEFINITION 30 Donate an electron to Free-radicals Protect against oxidation and the injury of free-radicals Vitamins:A and Beta CaroteneCE TERM 31 Oxidation: What is it? DEFINITION 31 The reaction of oxygen with DNA, fatty acids, protein and cholesterol Result is losing an electronCan form free- radicalscausing damage to the tissues TERM 32 Free-Radical: What is it? What can it cause? DEFINITION 32 A uncharged molecule With an added electron: No damage will be doneLosing an electron: Cause damage to tissues TERM 33 Vitamin: What is it? DEFINITION 33 A group of compounds essential for normal growth TERM 34 Precursors, Provitamins: What are they? DEFINITION 34 compounds that can be converted into active vitamins TERM 35 Pro-Oxidant: What is it? Leading to? DEFINITION 35 A compound that triggers a reaction with oxygen leading to oxidation of iron TERM 46 Folate: Functions DEFINITION 46 Helps:DNA synthesis Create New Cells Child bearing women PREVENT neural tube defect in fetus TERM 47 B12: Functions DEFINITION 47 Helps:DNA synthesis w/ Folate Protect nerves TERM 48 B6: Functions DEFINITION 48 Helps:convert AA to othernon-essential AATryptophan convert to niacinSynthesize hemoglobinRelease glucose from glycogen Fetal brain development TERM 49 Vitamin A: Deficiencies DEFINITION 49 KeratinizationNight BlindnessXeropthlamia impaired Immunity Reproductive problems TERM 50 Vitamin C: Deficiencies DEFINITION 50 ScurvyGums BleedSores in mouth and on skinLoose Teeth Loss of appetiteweaknesschildren (won't grow) TERM 51 Vitamin D: Deficiencies DEFINITION 51 Impaired bone formationImpaired immunityRickets- softening of bones (KIDS)Osteomalacia- softening of bones (Adult) Stage 1(childbearing women- ELDERLY)Osteoporosis- Stage 2 (can't move) TERM 52 Vitamin E: Deficiencies DEFINITION 52 oxidation TERM 53 Vitamin K: Deficiencies DEFINITION 53 Impaired Blood clottingImpaired Bone formation TERM 54 Thiamin: Deficiencies DEFINITION 54 Beri Beri- (wet/dry)causes heart problem and paralysis Wernickle Karsakoff Syndrome TERM 55 Niacin: Deficiencies DEFINITION 55 Pellagra- causes Edema and botchy skin TERM 56 Folate: Deficiencies DEFINITION 56 Spina Bifida- Neural tube defeat Megaloblastuc anemia- New cells can not be created impaired immunity abnormal digestion TERM 57 Riboflavin: Deficiencies DEFINITION 57 Undetected TERM 58 Vitamin B12: Deficiencies DEFINITION 58 Pernicious Anemia Damaged nerve sheaths Paralysis malfunctioning of nerves and muscles TERM 59 Vitamin B6: Deficiencies DEFINITION 59 General symptoms: WeaknessDepressionConfusionInsomnia Greasy Dermatitis TERM 60 Vitamin A: Food Sources DEFINITION 60 Orange fruits and veggies (carrots)Dark green leafy veggies LiverButterEgg Yolks TERM 71 Vitamin A: Toxicity DEFINITION 71 DeathBone problemsLiver failureFracturesHemorrhagesHair lossSkin rashestake to much of a supplementeat to much liver TERM 72 Vitamin D: Toxicity DEFINITION 72 If 5x RDA is takenCalcium will deposit into bodyAppetite lossVomiting TERM 73 Folate: Toxicity DEFINITION 73 Increase cancer riskmakes cancer patient worse TERM 74 Satiety: What is it? DEFINITION 74 Feeling of fullness after a meal TERM 75 Satiation: What is it? DEFINITION 75 Feeling of Fullness during a meal TERM 76 Hunger: What is it? DEFINITION 76 The need to eat TERM 77 Appetite DEFINITION 77 the desire for food TERM 78 Intuitive Eating: What is it? DEFINITION 78 eating based off natural body signals TERM 79 Normal Eating: What is it? DEFINITION 79 giving thought to food selectionpicking nutritious foods TERM 80 7 Components of peak performance: What are they? DEFINITION 80 talent nutritionSports Psychology Hydration Support SystemStress ManagementSleepTraining TERM 81 Anaerobic: What is it? DEFINITION 81 does not involve oxygen- intense and short TERM 82 Aerobic: What is it? DEFINITION 82 does involve oxygen - light to moderate and long TERM 83 Energy Density DEFINITION 83 How much calories a food provides TERM 84 Nutrient Density: What is it? DEFINITION 84 How much nutrients a food provides TERM 85 How is food insecurity and hunger measured? DEFINITION 85 The USDA makes the people take a survey and put them on a continuum based on their answers