Introduction to Psychology: Understanding Thought and Behavior - Chap 1, Exams of Psychology

Download Introduction to Psychology: Understanding Thought and Behavior - Chap 1 and more Exams Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! Honors Intro to Psych 101 Chapter 1 Psychology - the scientific study of thought and behavior Common Sense - an unreliable body of knowledge What is Psychology also considered besides a science? - a core science, along with medicine, earth science, chemistry, physics, and math Memory - 1. can refer to either a specific recalled event 2. the process by which we recall such information How does psychology differ from the related field of sociology? - Psych studies individuals and sociology studies groups Cognitive Psychology - the study of how people perceive, remember, think, speak, and solve problems developmental psychology - the study of how thought and behavior change and remain stable across the life span behavioral psychology - the study of the links among brain, mind, and behavior biological psychology - the study of the relationship between bodily systems and chemicals and how they influence thought and behavior personality psychology - the study of what makes people unique and the consistencies in people's behavior across time and situations social psychology - the study of how living among others influences thought, feeling, and behavior clinical psychology - the diagnosis and treatment of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders and the promotion of psychological health What is a related field to clinical psychology? - counseling psychology health psychology - the study of the role psychological factors play in regard to health and illness educational psychology - the study of how students learn, the effectiveness of particular teaching techniques, the social psychology of schools, and the psychology of teaching industrial-organizational (I/O) psychology - the application of psychological concepts and questions to work settings sports psychology - the study of psychological factors in sports and exercise the change over time in the frequency with which specific genes occur within a breeding species natural selection - a process whereby nature favors one design over another because it has an impact on reproduction adaptations - inherited solutions to ancestral problems that have been selected for because they contribute in some way to reproductive success evolutionary psychology - the branch of psychology that studies human behavior by asking what adaptive problems it may have solved for our early ancestors Are emotions behavioral adaptations? - Yes Mind-body dualism proposes what? - the mind and body are separate Where is there a great deal of overlap in psychology? - Biological psychology and neuroscience Who is considered the founder of American psychology? - William James In terms of the nature-nurture debate, psychologists' contemporary view is that human behavior is what? - a product of the interdependence between biology and experience. Philip Pinel of France is said to have been the first major proponent of what? - humane therapies for the mentally ill. In the United States, the first practitioner of moral treatment of the mentally ill was who? - Dorothea Dix In medieval Europe from approximately 400 to 1400 CE (Common Era), psychological disorders were attributed to what? - Supernatural causes Psychology can be considered as a modern empirical science because... - psychologists test predictions about behavior with systematic observations and by gathering data. What therapy focuses on changing a person's maladaptive thought and behavior patterns by discussing and rewarding more appropriate ways of thinking and behaving? - Cognitive-behavioral Soft-wiring - Our biological systems, i.e., brains, nervous system and genes, are inherited but open to modification from the environment. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5) - Classification system used by health professionals that includes diagnoses and criteria for more than 250 psychological disorders. Nature vs. nurture debate - The contention that who we are arises from either genetics or socialization. The Medical Model - The assumption that mental illness, like physical diseases, stem from an underlying physiological or biological cause and should be treated with appropriate diagnosis and therapy