Plant Biology: Terms and Definitions, Quizzes of Gardening and Horticulture

Download Plant Biology: Terms and Definitions and more Quizzes Gardening and Horticulture in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Red Maple DEFINITION 1 -One of Americas Top Planted Trees -Mid-Sized Tree -Petiole of leaf (supports leaf, stem-like) -Leaves: Simple, one part is attached TERM 2 Deciduous DEFINITION 2 Deciduous plants lose their leaves after coloration TERM 3 Simple & Compound leaves DEFINITION 3 Simple leaves are connected singularly to a branchCompound leaves are many small leaves per area connected to a branch TERM 4 American Holly DEFINITION 4 -Very tolerant, tough plant (-20 degrees) -Separate-sexed (or gender) version -Fruit is produced on the female TERM 5 Evergreen DEFINITION 5 woody plant that is not deciduous TERM 6 Woody plants DEFINITION 6 have many wood fibers for structure, are very bend resistant TERM 7 Perennial DEFINITION 7 Perennial plant is a plant the reoccurs year after year, lives for more than two years. TERM 8 Annuals DEFINITION 8 Annuals need to be re-seeded (many finish their lifecycle in less than a full year) -Example: Basil, Lantana TERM 9 Volatile Oils DEFINITION 9 Creates the aroma of plants-Exp: Russian Sage TERM 10 Herbaceous DEFINITION 10 a soft, plant that has leaves and stems that die down at the end of the growing season TERM 21 Fungi DEFINITION 21 -No chlorophyll, therefore no photosynthesis or green. Not able to manufacture its own energy -Find its own sources of energy in soil, organic matter -If getting energy off of living material it is parasitic -Saprophytic use dead material and recycle it. Without them, the fallen leaves and discarded materials would compile. -Fungi need a Carbon source -Mushrooms -Toadstools TERM 22 Parasitic DEFINITION 22 gets energy from living material TERM 23 Saprophytic DEFINITION 23 Saprophytic use dead material and recycle it.Without them, the fallen leaves and discarded materials would compile. TERM 24 Value of propagating DEFINITION 24 the traits and characteristics of the newly propagated plant are identical.However, no change or diversity is present. Sameness. The traits can be targeted for value. TERM 25 Tip layering DEFINITION 25 Tip layering the tip reaches a certain length before touching the ground and taking root again, before repeating the process. TERM 26 Commercial propagators use? DEFINITION 26 sand, peat moss, and other rooting mediums, not water in a container. TERM 27 Anthocyamin DEFINITION 27 Purple pigments TERM 28 types of plants, from simple to most complex DEFINITION 28 ThallophytesBryonphytes TracheophytesGymnosperms Angiosperms TERM 29 Lichens DEFINITION 29 Thallophytes-Algae and fungi growing together, working harmoniously symbiotic relationship. Two organisms working together. Bark is being used as a surface structure Precursors of soil The amount of lichens is directly proportional to the quality of life in the area Not harmful in anyway Seaweeds are Thallophytes TERM 30 Symbiotic DEFINITION 30 Two organisms working together TERM 31 Bryophytes DEFINITION 31 -Mosses and liverworts non-vascular plants TERM 32 Rhizoids DEFINITION 32 Root-like structure TERM 33 Tracheophytes DEFINITION 33 -Seed-bearing plants TERM 34 Gymnosperms DEFINITION 34 Gymnosperms -all gymnos are perennials -Separate sexes - Many bare cones, but NOT all -Are needle-type structures, but not Ginko TERM 35 Japanese Yew DEFINITION 35 incredibly durable, tough, hardy. Never frozen out. Separate sexes. Common foundation design planting. Berrylike structure (not a true berry) TERM 46 Angiosperms DEFINITION 46 enclosed seeds TERM 47 Black Gum Tree DEFINITION 47 Black Gum Tree (not related to sweet gum tree, favorite of teacher) native ohio tree grows under wet marshy or dry conditions never lots a limb in a storm, plant near buildings Branch angle is perfectly 90degrees every time, strongest limb in plant kingdom Very bendable and flexible, but hard for woodworkers to cut due to movement Elliptical shaped leaves dig it in March can grow 4-6 feet a year TERM 48 causes the coloration of leaves DEFINITION 48 Chlorophyll production slowing due to Lack of sunlight TERM 49 Cells that contain cell walls DEFINITION 49 Plant cells TERM 50 Leaflets are part of DEFINITION 50 a compound leaf TERM 51 Three divisions of plant agriculture: DEFINITION 51 Horticulture, Agronomy (turf specialists, grains, golf-course like work), Forestry TERM 52 Multi-colored leaves are known as DEFINITION 52 variegated TERM 53 Rose hips DEFINITION 53 ovial portion of the rose, used for Vitamin C TERM 54 What temperature do plants need to drop to for color change? DEFINITION 54 40-45 TERM 55 Native towering tree that is preferred for interior cabinet making: DEFINITION 55 Tulip poplar TERM 56 Fungi need other sources of carbon because they lack DEFINITION 56 Chlorophyll TERM 57 Crate Merttle DEFINITION 57 -Whites, pinks, reds -Southern plant -Starts blooming in June, keeps through September -Insects and diseases are non- existent -Shrub or multi-stem TERM 58 Lantana DEFINITION 58 Lantana -Annual -Grows in a bed about 18 high -roughness helps reduce water use TERM 59 Zinnia DEFINITION 59 Zinnia -works like a beacon of light to help guide to homes or trails TERM 60 pubescence DEFINITION 60 hirsuteFuzziness, hairyness TERM 71 Particles of soil are made of what? DEFINITION 71 Sand, silt and clay TERM 72 Sand problems DEFINITION 72 Sand is the largest. Challenges include: Too much water because of very large interstitial spaces (opposite of clay), causing the nutrients to leave. Add organic matter again to increase productivity TERM 73 Willow-Leaved Oak DEFINITION 73 -Favorite of American Squirrels, never worry about acorns on ground TERM 74 Soil-less mixes comprised of 5 things, blended dependant on the crop used DEFINITION 74 1. High quantities of pete moss 2. (white Styrofoam looking stuff) Perlite 3. Vermiculite 4. Bark (within the last 20 years it has been used, previously hard to get rid of) 5. Shells of peanuts TERM 75 Red Maple DEFINITION 75 Red Maple is one of the five most popular trees in America - Cultivar is a cultivated variety -Cultivar selectionNorthwood Red Maple -Asexual propagation -Medium size tree TERM 76 West side of trees has been showing extreme fall color first DEFINITION 76 the temperature drop when the sun sets and hits the remaining leaves TERM 77 Ohio Pioneer DEFINITION 77 Ohio Pioneer is a hornless Hawthorn TERM 78 Xylem DEFINITION 78 Xylemtracheids (gymnosperm material, not nearly as developed as the vessels), vessels (in angios, allow very fluid water movement) --responsible for water nutrients -old xylem are annual rings TERM 79 Fiberous & Tap DEFINITION 79 Roots: Fiberousbranching out to the sides TapDeep almost straight down TERM 80 Outside to in: DEFINITION 80 phloem- cambium (meristem)- xylem TERM 81 --responsible for sugar DEFINITION 81 sieve cells, companion cells --responsible for sugar TERM 82 Pinch DEFINITION 82 Pincha quick turn to remove excess breaks from occurring where cuts are madePrune TERM 83 Root functions DEFINITION 83 Anchorage to ground,absorption of water and nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorous, etc.), storage, TERM 84 name a plant with fall coloration with a fruit and deep tap rooted system DEFINITION 84 Black Gum TERM 85 Veriegated plants DEFINITION 85 plants with multiple colors