HST Final Terms | HST 150 - World History since 1500, Quizzes of World History

Download HST Final Terms | HST 150 - World History since 1500 and more Quizzes World History in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 black plague DEFINITION 1 The Black Death was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, peaking in Europe between 1348 and 1350. Although there were several competing theories as to the etiology of the Black Death, it has been conclusively proven via analysis of ancient DNA from plague victims in northern and southern Europe that the pathogen responsible is the Yersinia pestis bacterium. TERM 2 African Slave Trade DEFINITION 2 The African slave trade refers to the historic slave trade within Africa. Systems of servitude and slavery were common in many parts of the continent, as they were in much of the ancient world. TERM 3 Atlantic Slave Trade DEFINITION 3 The Atlantic slave trade or trans-atlantic slave trade took place across the Atlantic ocean from the 16th through to the 19th centuries. TERM 4 Inquisition DEFINITION 4 An Inquisition post mortem (abbreviated to Inq.p.m., formerly known as an Escheat) (Latin, meaning "(inquisition) after death") is an English medieval record of the death, estate and heir of one of the king's tenants-in-chief, made for royal fiscal purposes. TERM 5 Mongol Empire DEFINITION 5 The Mongol Empire existed during the 13th and 14th centuries, and was the largest contiguous land empire in human history. TERM 6 Spanish Reconquista DEFINITION 6 The Reconquista was a period of almost 800 years (539 years in Portugal) in the Middle Ages during which several Christian kingdoms succeeded in retaking the Muslim-controlled areas of the Iberian Peninsula broadly known as Al-Andalus. TERM 7 Aztecs DEFINITION 7 The Aztec people were certain ethnic groups of central Mexico, particularly those groups who spoke the Nahuatl language and who dominated large parts of Mesoamerica from the 14th to 16th centuries. TERM 8 Inca DEFINITION 8 The Inca Empire, or Inka Empire, was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America. TERM 9 Ottoman Empire DEFINITION 9 The Ottoman Empire or Sublime Ottoman State or sometimes also referred to as Turkey in the mid-19th century, Modern Turkish: Osmanl Devleti or Osmanl mparatorluu) was a Turkish empire which lasted from 27 July 1299 to 29 October 1923. TERM 10 Safavid Empire DEFINITION 10 The Safavid dynasty was one of the most significant ruling dynasties of Iran. They ruled one of the greatest Persian empires since the Muslim conquest of Persia and established the Twelver school of Shi'a Islam as the official religion of their empire, marking one of the most important turning points in Muslim history. TERM 21 Dutch West India Company DEFINITION 21 Dutch West India Company was a chartered company (known as the "WIC") of Dutch merchants. Among its founding fathers was Willem Usselincx (1567-1647). TERM 22 Tokugawa DEFINITION 22 The Tokugawa shogunate, also known as the and the , was a feudal regime of Japan established by Tokugawa Ieyasu and ruled by the shoguns of the Tokugawa family. TERM 23 Enlightenment DEFINITION 23 The Age of Enlightenment (or simply the Enlightenment or Age of Reason) was a cultural movement of intellectuals in 18th century Europe and America, whose purpose was to reform society and advance knowledge. TERM 24 Absolutists DEFINITION 24 Moral absolutism is an ethical view that certain actions are absolutely right or wrong, regardless of other contexts such as their consequences or the intentions behind them. TERM 25 Liberalism DEFINITION 25 Liberalism is the belief in liberty and equality. Liberals espouse a wide array of views depending on their understanding of these principles, but generally liberals support ideas such as constitutionalism, liberal democracy, free and fair elections, human rights, capitalism, and the free exercise of religion. TERM 26 Socialism DEFINITION 26 Socialism is an economic system characterised by social ownership and control of the means of production and cooperative management of the economy, and a political philosophy advocating such a system. TERM 27 Revolutionary War DEFINITION 27 The American Revolutionary War (1775-1783), the American War of Independence, or simply the Revolutionary War in America, began as a war between the Kingdom of Great Britain and thirteen British colonies in North America, and ended in a global war between several European great powers, such as conflicts in India and West Africa between Great Britain and France. TERM 28 French Revolution DEFINITION 28 The French Revolution (; 1789-1799), was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France that had a major impact on France and indeed all of Europe. TERM 29 Saint-Domingue DEFINITION 29 Saint-Domingue was a French colony on the Caribbean island of Hispaniola from 1659 to 1809. The French were established on the western portion of the Hispaniola and Tortuga islands in 1659. In the Treaty of Ryswick, Spain formally recognized French control of Tortuga island and the western third of the island of Hispaniola and in 1795 the whole. TERM 30 Industrial Revolution DEFINITION 30 The Industrial Revolution was a period from 1750 to 1850 where changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transportation, and technology had a profound effect on the social, economic and cultural conditions of the times. TERM 31 Bourgeoisie DEFINITION 31 In sociology and in political science, the noun bourgeoisie (French pronunciation : ) and the adjective bourgeois are terms that describe a historical range of socio-economic classes. TERM 32 Opium War DEFINITION 32 The Opium Wars, also known as the Anglo-Chinese Wars, divided into the First Opium War from 1839 to 1842 and the Second Opium War from 1856 to 1860, were the climax of disputes over trade and diplomatic relations between China under the Qing Dynasty and the British Empire. TERM 33 Wahhabism DEFINITION 33 Wahhabism is a branch of Islam. It is a form of Salafism, and a religious movement within Sunni Islam Wahhabism was developed by an eighteenth century muslim theologian, Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab (1703-1792) from Najd, Saudi Arabia. TERM 34 Mfecane Revolt DEFINITION 34 Mfecane, also known by the Sesotho name Difaqane or Lifaqane, was a period of widespread chaos and warfare among indigenous tribes in southern Africa during the period between 1815 to about 1840. TERM 35 Taiping Rebellion DEFINITION 35 The Taiping Rebellion was a widespread civil war in southern China from 1850 to 1864, led by heterodox Christian convert Hong Xiuquan, who, having received visions, maintained that he was the younger brother of Jesus Christ, against the ruling Manchu-led Qing Dynasty. TERM 46 Meiji Restoration DEFINITION 46 The , also known as the Meiji Ishin, Revolution, Reform or Renewal, was a chain of events that restored imperial rule to Japan in 1868. The Restoration led to enormous changes in Japan's political and social structure, and spanned both the late Edo period and the beginning of the Meiji period. TERM 47 Russian Revolution of 1905 DEFINITION 47 The 1905 Russian Revolution was a wave of mass political and social unrest that spread through vast areas of the Russian Empire. TERM 48 Sino-Japanese War (18941895) DEFINITION 48 The First Sino-Japanese War (1 August 1894- 17 April 1895) was fought between Qing Dynasty China and Meiji Japan, primarily over control of Korea. TERM 49 Russo-Japanese War DEFINITION 49 The Russo-Japanese War (8 February 1904 - 5 September 1905) was "the first great war of the 20th century." It grew out of rival imperial ambitions of the Russian Empire and Japanese Empire over Manchuria and Korea. TERM 50 Modernism DEFINITION 50 Modernism, in its broadest definition, is modern thought, character, or practice. More specifically, the term describes the modernist movement in the arts, its set of cultural tendencies and associated cultural movements, originally arising from wide-scale and far-reaching changes to Western society in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. TERM 51 Freud DEFINITION 51 Sigmund Freud, born Sigismund Schlomo Freud (6 May 1856- 23 September 1939), was an Austrian neurologist who founded the discipline of psychoanalysis. TERM 52 Urbanization DEFINITION 52 Urbanization, urbanisation or urban drift is the physical growth of urban areas as a result of global change. TERM 53 Anglo-Boer War DEFINITION 53 The Second Boer War was fought from 11 October 1899 until 31 May 1902 between the British Empire and the Afrikaans- speaking Dutch settlers of two independent Boer republics, the South African Republic (Transvaal Republic) and the Orange Free State. TERM 54 Maji-Maji Revolt DEFINITION 54 The Maji Maji Rebellion, sometimes called the Maji Maji War, was a violent African resistance to colonial rule in the German colony of East Africa, an uprising by several African indigenous communities against the German rule in response to a German policy designed to force African peoples to grow cotton for export, lasting from 1905 to 1907. TERM 55 Boxer Uprising in China DEFINITION 55 The Boxer Rebellion, also known as Boxer Uprising or Yihetuan Movement, was a proto-nationalist movement by the "Righteous Harmony Society" in China between 1898 and 1901, opposing foreign imperialism and Christianity. TERM 56 Taylorization DEFINITION 56 Scientific management, also called Taylorism, was a theory of management that analyzed and workflows. TERM 57 Mexican Revolution DEFINITION 57 The Mexican Revolution was a major armed struggle that started in 1910, with an uprising led by Francisco I. TERM 58 Meat Inspection Act DEFINITION 58 The Federal Meat Inspection Act of 1906 is a United States Congress Act that works to prevent adulterated or misbranded meat and meat products from being sold as food and to ensure that meat and meat products are slaughtered and processed under sanitary conditions. TERM 59 Authoritarianism DEFINITION 59 Authoritarianism is a form of social organization characterized by submission to authority. It is usually opposed to individualism and libertarianism. TERM 60 Triple Entente DEFINITION 60 The Triple Entente was the name given to the alliance among France, Britain and Russia after the signing of the Anglo- Russian Entente in 1907.