Human population explosion | Causes, Effects & solutions || by Mamoona Ghaffar, Lecture notes of Environmental Science

Download Human population explosion | Causes, Effects & solutions || by Mamoona Ghaffar and more Lecture notes Environmental Science in PDF only on Docsity! HUMAN POPULATION EXPLOSSION Presented by: = Ma KeTaaketo) alo Mel aTolive mia HUMAN POPULATION EXPLOSSION : IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT SUBMITTED TO: MA’AM MEMOONA ASIM UT ee eae MAMOONA GHAFFAR ROLL NO: Lots Y- (a DEGREE: Tle) Mone hd (REGULAR) COURSE TITLE: ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY COURSE CODE: BOT-602 The literal meaning of population explosion is a “ pyramiding of numbers of a biological population ” . In simple words, it can be defined as increase in birth rates and decrease in death rates. Demography: is the study of human population and things affect them such as births, deaths, income. The human population is not increasing at a uniform rate in all parts of the world.  The population change is calculated by the formula: Population change = (Births + Immigration) - (Deaths + Emigration )  Its boon for a developed country .  But its curse for developing country. Formula:  The population of Pakistan is 32.5 million at the time of independence in 1947.  It has now increased to around 150-160 million people in a year 2000.  About 20 year ago human population was increasing at the rate of 2% a year and was doubling every 35 years, thus increasing demand for food space & other resources. EXAMPLE OF POPULATION EXPLOSION IN PAKISTAN Mamoona 1.Accelerating birth rate Due to lack of awareness about the positive impact of using birth control method, there has been a steady growth in birth rate . 2. Decrease in infant mortality rate: Improvement science and technology and wide usage of drugs has reduce the infant mortality rate. 3. Increase immigration: It happens when a large number arrive at an already populated place with intention to reside permanently. CAUSES OF POPULATION EXPLOSION 1. Over population: It is a condition where population surges to a level that the earth cannot accommodate comfortably and poses a threat to the environment 2. Poor Health: When there is high population growth people do not get adequate food & nutrition. Then they may suffer from poor health. 3.unemployment: In developing countries like Pakistan with a backward economy & little scope for fruitful employment millions of people find no work to do. 4. illiteracy: Population explosion is the key reason for illiteracy . Because of illiteracy people are not caring the environment. EFFECTS OF POPULATION EXPLOSION HOW POPULATION EXPLOSION EFFECT THE ENVIRONMENT Overview: More population means more mouths to eat food which requires more agricultural production. More cultivable land has been made available by clearing forests & by reclaiming wet lands & ponds. Advanced agriculture requires utilization of more water, more fertilizers & more pesticides. It demands more space to construct houses & availability of more consumer goods. It also requires more means of transport, more consumption of fossil fuels & more pollution of land, air & water. Thus growth of population leads to pollution of land, water & air.. 2. Urbanization: Rapid growth of population has led to urbanization which has adversely affected environment. Due to population pressure, natural resources in the cities are depleted at a fast rate. Mamoona As the population grows, more and more forests are cleared. The 2 most common reasons for deforestations are to make houses for increased number of people to live in, & to use wood as a fuel in the industries. As a result the trees that help us in reducing the air pollution through the process of photosynthesis are not able to do so any more. 3. Air pollution: Mamoona Water is considered the essence of life. The increasing population calls for the increasing number of factories. These factories led to various kinds of pollution, including water pollution. Pakistan being an agrarian country, the water pollution also comes from pesticides used for agriculture. 4.Water pollution: Mamoona 7. Extinction of species More than 1.1 Billion people live in areas that conservationists considers the richest in non- human species 7 most threatened by the human activities. Modern agricultural practices destroyed the precious micro ecosystem that take centuries to form & support all life on land. 8. Land / soil Degradation: The demand for food, energy & other human requirements depends upon the preservation & improvement of the productivity of land. Intensive faming and excessive use of fertilizers & pesticides have led to over exploitation of land & water resources. These have led to land degradation in the form of soil erosion, water logging & salinization. Mamoona 9. Industrialization: Under-developed countries are following the policy of heavy industrialization which is causing environmental degradation. The establishment of such industries as fertilizers, iron & steel, chemicals & refineries have led to land, air & water pollution. Mamoona Other measures Economic measures Social measures MEASURES TO CONTROL POPULATION EXPLOSION Mamoona Social Measures 1) Rising the status of women 2) Spread of education 3) Minimum age of marriage 4) Change in social outlook 5) Social security 6) Adoption Mamoona Economic Measures 1) More employment opportunities 2) Development of agriculture & industry 3) Standard of living 4) Urbanization Mamoona REFERENCE  https://slideplayer.com/slide/16164092/  https://www.slideshare.net/Mustheenak/population-explosion-73346964  https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/essay/effects-of-population-growth- on-our-environment/39624  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o9kLYdVAz0c  https://www.thebalancesmb.com/how-overpopulation-impacts-the- environment-4172964  https://www.economicsdiscussion.net/essays/measures-to-control- population-of-india/2249 Ss OWL. -@ THANK ZeL0 o Bi &