Hypertension Concept Map with Treatment, Schemes and Mind Maps of Cardiology

Download Hypertension Concept Map with Treatment and more Schemes and Mind Maps Cardiology in PDF only on Docsity! Hypertension Epidemiology Over one third of Americans More common in African Americans than other populations Prevalence increases with age Pathophysiology Changes in sympathetic nervous system lead to vasoconstriction and therefore increased BP Two main causes = increased blood volume, increased peripheral vascular resistance Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system overacts and causes water and salt retention, leading to increased BP Also causes remodeling of vessel wall which permanently increases vascular resistance Risk factors Obesity Tobacco Use Unhealthy/High sodium diet Excessive Alcohol Use Increased Age Family History African Americans Clinical Presentation Usually asymptomatic Symptoms arise from organs/body systems affected by sustained hypertension Elevated BP Diagnosis Person must be seated, arm at heart level, no caffeine or nicotine in prior 30 minutes 24 hour BP monitoring Two elevated BP readings at least 2 minutes apart on 2 separate occasions CBC, UA, EKG Treatment Dietary changes (low sodium) Exercise/Weight Loss Smoking Cessation Anti-hypertensive medications