Ibn Sina Prince of Physicians, High school final essays of History

Download Ibn Sina Prince of Physicians and more High school final essays History in PDF only on Docsity! 1 Prince of Physicians: The Arab Doctor Ibn Sina Who is Ibn Sina The search engine Google celebrates every year in August the birthday of the scientist Ibn Sina because of his preference for scientific research, and this year was the anniversary of his 1038th birthday. Ibn Sina received the attention and respect of princes, scholars, and researchers in the West throughout the ages and times because of his intelligence and his multiple achievements that the world benefited from. He was called the "Father of Medicine" by Westerners for his great achievements in the field of medicine. Belgian historian George Sutton said of him: "Avicenna is a great intellectual phenomenon. We may not find anyone equal in his intelligence and intellectual output, which is a reference in philosophy in the Middle Ages." 2 His life He is Abu Ali Al-Hussain Bin Abdullah Bin Al-Hassan Bin Ali Bin Sina. He was born in the village of Afsnah (located in present-day Uzbekistan) in the year 980. His father was from Balkh (in present-day Afghanistan) and Ibn Sina died in Hamadan (in present-day Iran) at the age of Umar At the age of 58, he was famous for medicine and philosophy and was a pioneer in both fields. The ruling Samanid family during the era of the Samanid state in Persia allowed him to use their own library, which was the richest library at that era, after he succeeded in treating the prince from a disease that the doctors of his time could not cure. Thus, he benefited greatly from all the books and scientific references in that library. He traveled to Hamadan in Iran, and became the minister of Prince Shams al-Din al-Buwayhi, and after the death of the prince, he moved to Isfahan to complete his research, which ended with the writing of two books, "The Law of Medicine" and the book "The Healing". Ibn Sina benefited from the hadiths and debates that were held in his father's house. He memorized the Qur'an when he was ten years old, as well as literary poems in Arabic and Persian. He began researching, self-learning and development at the age of 18, in the sciences of medicine, philosophy and Sharia. What had the greatest impact on his intellectual development was his access to the rich library assets in the Samandin Palace, the first large ruling family of local origin that appeared in Persia after the Arab conquest. Ibn Sina was allowed to enter that great library after his success in treating Prince Noah bin Mansour al-Samandani from a disease that all the famous doctors of his time could not cure. Even when he reached the age of twenty, his father died, so Abu Ali Al-Hussein bin Sina left for Gorgan, where he stayed for a while, and wrote his book Al-Qanun on Medicine. It did not take place with him. In the year 1022, Shams al-Dawla died, only to find Ibn Sina in an uncomfortable environment. The death of his patron caused a period of hardship, culminating in his imprisonment. Fortunately for him, Avicenna was able to flee to Isfahan, 250 miles south of Tehran, accompanied by a small group of his associates, and decided to settle there. In fact, he spent 14 years in Isfahan in relative tranquility. In it he completed his book, The Canon of Medicine, as well as his other famous book, The Book of Al-Shifa. His achievements Avicenna comes after Aristotle and Al-Farabi in terms of importance. The Muslims called him "Aristotle of Islam." It was said about him that his success and achievements disturbed many of his contemporaries, who accused him of atheism. 5 excessive amount of blood, contrary to what the ancient Greek medicine legends settled on. He also revealed for the first time the ways of infection for some infectious diseases such as smallpox and measles and stated that they are transmitted by some microorganisms in the water and the air, and he said: The water contains very small animals that are not seen with the naked eye, and they cause some diseases, which was confirmed by Van Lyuthawk in the eighteenth century and later scholars after him, after the invention of the microscope. Ibn Sina was ahead of his time in many of his meticulous medical observations, as he studied nervous disorders and psychological and mental factors such as fear, sadness, anxiety, joy, and others, and indicated that they had a great impact on the body’s organs and their functions, as he was able to know some psychological and pathological facts through psychological analysis, and he resorted to Sometimes to psychological methods in treating his patients. In examining his patients, diagnosing disease, and determining treatment, he followed the modern method used now, by feeling the pulse and tapping with his finger over the patient’s body, which is the method currently used in diagnosing internal diseases, which was attributed to “Leopold Einberger” in the eighteenth century, as well as from During inference with urine and feces. Ibn Sina shows great ingenuity and great ability in the science of surgery. He mentioned several ways to stop bleeding, whether by tying, inserting wicks, cauterizing with fire or caustic medicine, or pressing meat over a vein. He talked about how to deal with arrows and extract them from wounds, and warn therapists against injuring arteries or nerves when removing arrows from wounds, and cautioning that the therapist should be fully aware of the anatomy. Avicenna is also considered the first to discover and describe the inner eye muscles, and he is the first to say that the center of sight is not in the crystalline body as was believed before, but rather in the optic nerve. Ibn Sina was a brilliant surgeon. He performed very precise surgeries, such as removing cancerous tumors in their early stages, incisions in the larynx and trachea, removing abscesses from the pleural membrane in the lung, treating hemorrhoids by ligation method, accurately describing cases of urinary fistulas, and finding an innovative method for treating anal fistula. It is still used until now, and it was exposed to kidney stones and explained how to extract it and the precautions that must be taken into account, as well as the cases of using catheters, as well as the cases in which its use is prohibited. In the field of physics, Ibn Sina was one of the first Muslim scientists who paved the way for the science of modern dynamics by studying motion and the position of forced inclination and auxiliary inclination, and to him is credited with establishing the first law 6 of motion, which says that a body remains in a state of rest or regular motion in a straight line. External forces did not force him to change this state. Avicenna had previously observed the movement of bodies, and deduced that law, which he expressed by saying: “You know that if the body is vacant and its nature is not exposed to it from outside a strange influence, it does not have to have a certain position and a certain shape.” So he has the principle of accepting that.” He thus preceded Isaac Newton by more than six centuries, Galileo by more than 5 centuries, and Leonardo da Vinci by more than 4 centuries; What deserves to be attributed to him is the law that took precedence over him: "Avicenna's Law of Motion and Stillness". Avicenna also created a machine similar to the Vernier, a machine used to measure lengths with extreme precision. And he was able to accurately observe that he differentiated between the speeds of light and sound, which is what Isaac Newton reached after more than 600 years, and he had his theories on (mechanics of movement), which was reached by "Jean Berdan" in the fourteenth century, and (speed of movement) which he built On it, "Albert Einstein" his famous theory of relativity. Ibn Sina wrote about 450 books, of which we have only got about 240. Of his works available to us today, 150 are in philosophy and 40 are in medicine, the two scientific fields in which he made his greatest achievements. He also wrote works on psychology, geology, mathematics, astronomy, and logic. He wrote all his books in Arabic, except for two books, which were written in Persian, which is his mother tongue. One of these two books is entitled "The Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences" and the second is a study of the pulse, which later became popular. The law in medicine is considered the most important comprehensive Arab medical reference compiled by Ibn Sina around 1020 AD, and until the beginning of the seventeenth century, it remained the primary reference for teaching medicine in all medical schools around the world. Two copies: one (A1000) printed during the Gutenberg era (1503) and the other (5753) copied by hand (1820) in Hyderabad. 7 Gerard of Cremona translated "Canon of Medicine" from Arabic into Latin in the middle of the twelfth century under the name Canon medicinae. The book was translated into Hebrew in 1279. The book became the main reference in medical sciences in Europe until the end of the seventeenth century, and it is said that it influenced Leonardo da Vinci. [2] The book was a course in the medical schools of Montpellier and Leuven until 1650. Arnold Klubes describes the book as "one of the most important intellectual phenomena of all times". In the words of Dr. William Osler, The Canon of Medicine "has remained the medical Bible for longer than any other book." The Latin translation of the first three books of the work was printed by Johann Gutenberg in 1472 on his printing press, which he invented a few years ago. Gutenberg reprinted the complete Latin translation the following year, 1473. It is now possible to count 15 different editions of the book published in the fifteenth century only. The book was then re-translated 87 times into Latin and Hebrew. Translated by Koning in 1905. A brief translation of the first book into English by Gruner and printed in 1930 AD. Translated into German for the chapter dealing with eye diseases by Hercharg and Lieber in 1902. The book was also shortened and composed of poetry, which led to the emergence of the argoza in medicine in 1314 beta. The argoza was translated several times into Latin during the period from the thirteenth to the seventeenth century.