Teaching Guide: Identifying Text Structures for Middle School, Study notes of Technical Writing

Download Teaching Guide: Identifying Text Structures for Middle School and more Study notes Technical Writing in PDF only on Docsity! Identifying Narrative and Expository Text Structures Adapted with permission from the Meadows Center for Preventing Educational Risk. Denton, C. A., Bryan, D., Wexler, J., Reed, D., & Vaughn, S. (2007). Effective instruction for middle school students with reading difficulties: The reading teacher’s sourcebook (pp. 108–132, 313–317). Austin, TX: Meadows Center. Retrieved from http://www.meadowscenter.org/files/resources/_RTS_Complete.pdf National Center on Intensive Intervention Identifying Narrative and Expository Text Structures—1 0447_02/17 College- and Career-Ready Standards Addressed: RL.6.5, 8.5 Analyze how a particular sentence, chapter, scene, or stanza fits into the overall structure of a text and contributes to the development of the theme, setting, or plot. Objective: Students will learn to differentiate narrative and expository texts. Materials ● Three narrative short texts and three expository short texts at appropriate instructional level. ● Pencil. ● Paper or notebook. ● Text Structure Cue Sheet (see below). Suggested Schedule and Group Size Schedule: Daily, no more than five minutes to 10 minutes per session. Recommended group size: Small group (four to five students in lower grades; up to 10 students in upper grades). Note: The following script is intended as a model. Activity Intervention Principle Use precise, explicit language to introduce the lesson and critical concepts. Sample Script and Procedures Today, we’ll be learning about text structure, which is something good readers use to help them understand what they read. Text structure is the organization of text. What is text structure? (The organization of text) Deliver new information explicitly and in smaller chunks compared with less intensive instruction. There are two main categories of text: (1) narrative text, and (2) expository text. Each time we encounter new text we will decide what type of text— narrative or expository—it is. Ask questions frequently to check for understanding. What are the two types of text we’ll be talking about today? (Narrative and expository.) National Center on Intensive Intervention Identifying Narrative and Expository Text Structures—2 Provide a narrative text and an expository text at the students’ instructional level. The purpose of narrative text is to entertain the reader or present a story. Narrative text will often use a text structure that includes a beginning, a middle, and an end of a story. A novel is an example of a narrative text. What is the purpose of narrative text? (To entertain the reader or tell a story.) That’s right. Narrative text is intended to entertain the reader or tell a story. The purpose of expository text is to inform the reader of an event or provide general information. What is the purpose of expository text? (To inform the reader or provide information.) That’s right, expository text informs the reader or provides information. Your science book is an example of an expository text. One tricky thing about expository text is that it can use different text structures within one text, so we’ll have to watch out for that. Model think-aloud procedures to demonstrate how to differentiate text types. Preview the narrative text with the students. Identify the characteristics of the text to help determine the text type. Have students use paper and pencils to record notes. Let’s look at this narrative text together. Watch and listen as I think out loud and look for the features of a narrative text. First, I’ll look to see how the text is organized. When previewing narrative text, I’ll look for the following features. Write these on the board: a. Setting b. Characters c. Conflict d. Rising action e. Climax f. Falling action g. Resolution Let’s preview the narrative text passage together and look for these features. The narrative text features listed above may or may not be present in the narrative text passage presented to the students. To efficiently locate the features during modeling, preview the text to highlight which features are present and where they are located in the passage. Now, let’s look at the features of the expository text to help us identify how it is organized. When previewing expository text, we should look for the following features to identify it as an expository text. Write these on the board: a. Titles b. Headings c. Subheadings National Center on Intensive Intervention Identifying Narrative and Expository Text Structures—5 Text Structure Cue Sheet This handout should serve as a guide for students as they learn about text structures. Students may reference the two main types of text—narrative and expository—and the common text structure types, definitions, signal words, and graphic organizers used to visually represent the information in the text. Narrative Text Purpose: To entertain the reader or present a story Text Structure Type and Definition Signal Words Graphic Organizer Includes story elements or parts, also known as story grammar: ● Setting ● Characters ● Conflict ● Plot (rising action, climax, falling action) ● Resolution First So Then Finally At last Story map Expository Text Purpose: To inform the reader of an event or provide general information Text Structure Type and Definition Signal Words Graphic Organizer Cause-effect: How or why an event happened; what resulted from an event Because Due to Since therefore So that As a result of Consequently Cause-effect semantic map Chronology/sequence: The order of events or steps in a process Afterward Before During Immediately Last Previously Timeline National Center on Intensive Intervention Identifying Narrative and Expository Text Structures—6 Expository Text Purpose: To inform the reader of an event or provide general information Text Structure Type and Definition Signal Words Graphic Organizer Compare/contrast: How two or more things are alike or different As opposed to Both In common In comparison Opposite Similarly Venn diagram Description/categorization: How something looks, moves, works; a definition or characterization Appears to be For example Identify Refers to Such as To illustrate Web Problem-solution: What’s wrong and how to fix it Problem Resolution Response Solution To fix the problem Problem-solution relationship Position-reason: Why a point or idea should be supported; what’s wrong with an idea As illustrated by Because Consequently For instance For this reason In conclusion Position-reason flowchart