Download IHuman Katherine Harris New Case reason for encounter Cough and Shortness of breath and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! IHuman Katherine Harris New Case reason for encounter Cough and Shortness of breath NR 602 Week 3 IHuman Katherine Harris 16 year old female 5.5 ht, 165cm, 150lb 68.2kg CC: cough and shortness of breath 1. How can I help you today: cough for the last 3 weeks getting worse. SOB when walking to class at school. Stop and take break 2. Do you have any other symptoms or concerns we should discuss? No, runny nose congestion for 3 weeks, congestion went away in a week,but cough continue 3. When did you first notice feeling SOB? 3 days now and itās made me a little scared 4. Does anything make your SOB better or worse? Gets a little better when stop walking and rest for a bit worse at night. 5. Does anything make your cough better or worse: not really, constant, getting worse over past 3 days and seems worse at night 6. Are you coughing up sputum: Nope 7. Do you have any allergies? 8. Are you taking any prescription medications? Nope, still no prescriptions 9. Are you exposed to secondhand smoke: yes, dad. Lost job 3yrs ago, moved to older building with cockroaches, neighbors smoke inside building, I always smell smoke everywhere 10. Do you wheeze: Im not sure 11. Do you now or have you ever smoked or chewed tobacco: Nope 12. Has there been any change in your shortness of breath over time: the last few years, had cough and SOB but it got better after a few days, this time lasting longer Med C 2 13. Do you have any pain or other associated symptoms with your cough: No pain, getting out of breath and I think that it maybe related 14. What treatments have you had for your cough: nothing 15. Are you taking any over the counter herbal medications? No, nothing like that 16. Are your immunizations up to date: I assume so Med C Med
Vitals
Height/weight
Skin
Temperature
Pulse
Respiration
Blood Pressure
Mental Status
Spo2
spco
eTco2
5' 5" (165.0 cm) - 150 Ib (68.0 kg) (BMI 25.0)
Warm, dry
98.6 F
33 hregutar Lv
v
24 hregular Vv
unlabored Ww
Use the sphygmomanometer tab to measure BP
112/84, assessment: normal
pulse pressure: normal
AandOx4 Lv
94%
3%
40 mmHg
Med
Documentation
This tab only shows documentation for exams performed.
Lung Auscultation
Left Lung | exp wheeze Vw
Right Lung | exp wheeze Vv
Cardiac Auscultation
Cardiac Ausc | Normal
Eye Exams
Right Pupil | normal reactive YW
Left Pupil | normal reactive Vv
Med
Documentation
This tab only shows documentation for exams performed.
-ung Auscultation
Left Lung | insp/exp wheeze vw
Right Lung | insp/exp wheeze Vv
cardiac Auscultation
Cardiac Ausc | Normal
tye Exams
Right Pupil | normal reactive Lv
Left Pupil | normal reactive Vv
Med
<= Rank the diferential diagnoses: Indicate leading (Lead) or alteratve (AK). Then indicate ifthe differential diagnosis represents a must-not-miss (MnM) diagnosis or condition
Differential Diagnosis Lead ot | Ma
_ā eo @
bron, ete oo a
puro vl oo a
eumoia, bail NOS) oo a
Test/Diagnosis Association
Other Tests
asthma
chest x-ray PA and lateral
complete blood count (CBC)
bronchitis, acute
chest x-ray PA and lateral
pneumonia, viral
chest x-ray PA and lateral
complete blood count (CBC)
pneumonia, bacterial (NOS)
chest x-ray PA and lateral
complete blood count (CBC)
sputum culture and sensitivity (SCS)
sputum Gram stain
ABUTEROL NEBULIZER TREATMENT TRIAL
Med C
Interpretation
CHEST PALATERAL
CLINICAL HISTORY: Cough and Shortness of Breath
COMMENTS:
PAlLateral view ofthe chest
Image shows good x-ay penetration, adequate inspation, No evidence of active pleural or pulmonary parenchymal dsease. Cardiac sihovett is normal in size. The mediastinum and pulmonary vessels appear normal
āAorta fs normal n sie and shape,
IMPRESSION
1.No evidence of acute pulmonary pathology
2 Normal cardiac sihouete
Results
The sputum culture and sensitivity (SCS) test is not recommended at this time.
Results
The sputum Gram stain test is not recommended at this time.
Results
The complete blood count (CBC) test is not recommended at this time
What is the correct diagnosis for this patient?
Ā© asthma
Ā© bronchitis, acute
Ā© pneumonia, bacterial (NOS)
Ā© pneumonia, viral
The list above contains only the case author's DDx.
102 Index of Diagnosis Exercises
āWhich of the following are components of the pathophysiology underlying asthma exacerbations? Select all that apply.
1 Both allergens (Ā¢.g., aspirin) and nonallergenic stimuli (e.g.. exercise) may cause bronchoconstriction via products of metabolism and/or inflammatory-cell
mediators.
Ed Asthmatics exhibit hyperactive bronchi: Bronchoconstriction may result from edema, mucous production, airway smooth-muscle hypertrophy, and/or
inflammation.
EZ Ainway inflammation is the final common pathway.
El There is a net effect of limited airflow due to obstruction.
Scoring: Your score will be 0 if you select more than the number of correct choices.
Med
2of2 Index of Diagnosis Exercises
Which of the following are common asthma triggers and/or asthma comorbidities?
Select all that apply.
Ed Obesity
Ef Rhinitis
Ef Chronic sinusitis
3 Hormonal fluctuations, including pregnancy and perimenstrual variability
O corp
EZ Smoking
E@ Respiratory infections
Scoring: Your score will be @ if you select more than the number of correct
choices.
Add COPD
1of3 Index of Plan Exercises
What is albuterolās mechanism of action?
Ā© Muscarinic antagonist
Ā© Muscarinic agonist
Ā© Alpha agonist
Ā© Short-acting beta-2 agonist
2of3 Index of Plan Exercises
50-year-old male with acute respiratory failure due to a severe asthma exacerbation has been intubated. The respiratory therapist asks for your
recommendations for initial ventilator settings.
Question: Which of the following do you recommend?
O A Use a tidal volume of 10-15 cclkg of ideal body weight.
Ā© B. Maintain a higher respiratory rate (16-20/min) since the patient had rapid, shallow breathing before intubation
Ā© C. Use a tidal volume of 6-8 cc/kg of ideal body weight even if the patient has with mild respiratory acidosis
Ā© D. Use a pH of 7.4.as the goal for future ventilator settings.
Ā© E. Maintain a higher respiratory rate (16-20/min) to decrease the CO2 that was likely retained during the exacerbation.
Med
Leukotriene antagonists block the action of leukotriene that causes airway
edema and inflammation and smooth muscle contraction. Singulair is used to
prevent asthma attacks, reduce nasal congestion, and decrease sneezing.
itching, and watery eyes and also reduce inflammation in the airways.
Report to ER with severe shortness of breath, breathlessness, severe chest
pain.
PE (physical exam)
Vitals:
General:
Skin/Breast:
HEENT & Neck:
Cardiovascular:
Respiratory:
Skin: | Warm, dry
lemp: [985 F
Pulse: | 88, raythm: regular
āae: [left 177184, asseassmant nnrmal_ pulse pressure nermal
Respiration: | 24, raythm: regula, effort: unlabored
mental status: [Aandi x4
spoz: [94%
116 year old alert arc oriertad, ne acuta distress nates, well crassed elo SOR and cough
āskin warm and cry
Ear: normal external auditory canel, tympanic membrane, transhicent, nar-injacted and oink'sh in colar, no scariing discharge or purulance noted
Nace: no cischargo ar polyps, ro edema or tenderness aver the frontaā or maxllary cinuces
regula ale and sayy $1 and $2 auscullated
~mterlar end posterior lung sounes explraterynsplratcry wheezing
Abdomen/
Med C
Gastrointestinal:
abdomen flat, no pain no tendemess, masses. or pulsations. no guarding or rebound tenderness
Genitourinary:
Deferred
Musculoskeletal:
No tenderness or deformity of the back
Osteopathic:
Deferred
Neurological:
alert and oriented to person, place, time, and situation
Psychological:
Deferred
ic/Immunologic:
No allergies
Med
Case Summary
"Learning objectives
| After completing this case, the student should be able to do the following:
Construct the differential diagnosis for a pediatric patient with a cough
* Recognize the physical exam findings of asthma
+ Understand how to diagnose asthma
* Develop an appropriate treatment plan for a child with an acute asthma exacerbation
| Asthma is one of the most common diagnoses of childhood. Asthma can be characterized with non-specific clinical signs such as cough,
| dyspnea and wheezing. However a more precise definition of asthma includes airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and
| airflow obstruction
| Asthma is usually diagnosed before age seven in 75% of cases, however it can develop at any age. Patients usually present with one to three
| of the classic symptoms of asthma which are:
+ Wheeze (high pitched sound, often on exhalation)
* Cough
+ Shortness of breath
| itis important to note the physical exam can be normal in patients with asthma. The presence of wheezing is suggestive of asthma, but not
| specific. Therefore, itis also important to obtain a thorough history which usually indicates a pattern of respiratory symptoms that occur with
| exposure to triggers and resolve with trigger avoidance.
| Some of the characteristic triggers for the respiratory symptoms of asthma are exercise, cold air, and exposure to inhaled allergens. Some
| allergens that commonly trigger asthmatic symptoms are dust mites, mold, furry animals, cockroaches and pollens. Viral infections can also
| trigger asthma. Studies have also shown evidence of an association between smoke exposure and asthma development.
| Furthermore, there is an association between asthma and atopic conditions. This is called the āatopic marchā which describes the pattern of
| onset of different allergic diseases in atopic individuals. Usually this begins with atopic dermatitis in childhood, followed by allergic rhinitis and
| then asthma in adolescence.
| To make the diagnosis of asthma, we often use spirometry (in children that can cooperate) which shows airflow limitation that reverses to
| normal following the administration of a bronchodilator.
| Pulmonary function testing uses spirometry to measure flow/volume loops to assess the patient's response to the administration of short
| acting beta agonists such as albuterol, The measurements are compared against predicted normal values for age, height and gender. The
| three primary measurements in spirometry are:
* FEV1: the amount that can be forcefully exhaled in one second
* FVC- the total amount of air exhaled starting from a full inhalation to a full forced exhalation
+ FEV1/FVC: ratio of the two values
Med
Select test to show results and
interpretations
chest x-ray PA and lateral
albuterol nebulizer treatment trial
bedside PEFR or FEV1
Interpretation
Reduced FEV1 consistent with acute asthma exacerbation.
Select test to show results and
interpretations.
chest x-ray PA and lateral
albuterol nebulizer treatment trial Interpretation
bedside PEFR or FEV1
Response is consistent with asthma
21 Med C NR602 Week 3 IHuman Katherine Harris New Case Study - Cough and Shortness of breath