Unit Conversion Factors, Geometry, Motion, Waves, and Atomic Structure, Exams of Elementary Analysis

Download Unit Conversion Factors, Geometry, Motion, Waves, and Atomic Structure and more Exams Elementary Analysis in PDF only on Docsity! ILTS Elementary Education (305-Content Test) (1060 Terms). Nouns - Correct answer A person, place, thing, or idea Common Noun - Correct answer The class or group of people, places, and things (not capitalized) Proper Nouns - Correct answer The names of a specific person, place, or thing (capitalized) General Nouns - Correct answer The names of conditions or ideas Specific Nouns - Correct answer Names people, places, and things that are understood by using your senses Collective Nouns - Correct answer The names for a person, place or thing that may act as a whole Pronouns - Correct answer Words that are used to stand in for a noun Nominative Nouns and Pronouns - Correct answer The case for nouns and pronouns that are the subject of a sentence Objective Nouns and Pronouns - Correct answer The case for nouns and pronouns that are an object in a sentence Possessive Nouns and Pronouns - Correct answer The case for nouns and pronouns that show possession or ownership How can Pronouns be Grouped? - Correct answer -Intensive (I myself, you yourself, he himself, she herself, the itself, we ourselves, you yourselves, they themselves) -Relative (which, who, whom, whose) -Interrogative (what, which, who, whom, whose) -Demonstrative (this, that, these, those) -Indefinite (all, any, each, everyone, either/neither, one, some, several) -Reciprocal (each other, one another) Transitive Verbs - Correct answer A verb whose action points to a receiver Intransitive Verbs - Correct answer A verb that does not point to a receiver of an action Action Verbs - Correct answer A verb that shows what subject is doing in a sentence Linking Verbs - Correct answer Link the subject of a sentence to a noun or pronoun or link a subject with an adjective Transitive Verbs-Active Voice - Correct answer The subject of the sentence is doing the action Transitive Verbs-Passive Voice - Correct answer The subject receives the action Past Verbs - Correct answer The action happened in the past Present Verbs - Correct answer The action happens at the current time Future Verbs - Correct answer The action is going to happen later Past Perfect Verbs - Correct answer The second action started in the past and the first action came before the second Present Perfect Verbs - Correct answer The action started in the past and continues into the present Future Perfect Verbs - Correct answer An action that uses the past and the future Conjugating Verbs - Correct answer When you change the form of a verb Predicate Adjectives - Correct answer The word (adjective) that gets linked to the subject in the predicate that describe or define the subject Pronoun-Antecedents Agreement - Correct answer Pronouns and their antecedents agree when they have the same number and gender Clauses - Correct answer A group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate Independent Clauses - Correct answer Contains a complete thought (stands alone) Dependent/Subordinate Clauses - Correct answer Includes a subject and verb (cant stand alone) Adjective Clauses - Correct answer A dependent clause that modifies a noun or pronoun Essential Clauses - Correct answer Explains or defines a person or thing (no comma) Nonessential Clauses - Correct answer Give more information about a person or thing but are not necessary to define them (uses comma) Adverb Clauses - Correct answer A dependent clause that modifies a verb, adjective, or adverb Noun Clause - Correct answer A dependent clause that can be used as a subject, object, or complement Subordination - Correct answer When 2 related ideas are not of equal importance, the ideal way to combine them is to make the more important idea an independent clause, and the less important idea a dependent or subordinate clause Phrases - Correct answer A groups of words that functions as a single part of speech that adds detail or explanation to a sentence, or renames something in the sentence Prepositional Phrases - Correct answer Begins with a preposition and ends with a noun or pronoun that is the object of the preposition Verbal Phrases - Correct answer Formed from a verb but does not function as a verb Types of Verbals - Correct answer -Participle (always functions as an objective) -Gerund (always functions as a noun) -Infinitive (functions as a noun, adjective, or adverb) Participle Phrases - Correct answer Come right before or right after the noun or pronoun that they modify Gerund Phrases - Correct answer Can be used as the subject of a sentence, the predicate nominative, or the object of a verb or preposition Infinitive Phrases - Correct answer Includes the verbal itself and all of its complements or modifiers Appositive Phrases - Correct answer Used to explain or rename nouns or pronouns Absolute Phrases - Correct answer Consists of a noun followed by a participle to provide context to what is being describes in the sentence Proper Parallel Structures - Correct answer Items and ideas must be stated in grammatically equivalent ways Complete Sentence - Correct answer Has a subject and a verb or predicate Fragments - Correct answer Sentences without a complete thought Declarative Sentences - Correct answer States a fact and ends with a period Imperative Sentences - Correct answer Tells someone to do something and ends with a period Interrogative Sentences - Correct answer Asks a question and ends with a question mark Exclamatory Sentences - Correct answer Shows strong emotion and ends with an exclamation point Simple Sentences - Correct answer Has 1 independent clause with no dependent clauses Compound Sentences - Correct answer Has 2 or more independent clauses with no dependent clauses Complex Sentences - Correct answer Has 1 independent clause and at least 1 dependent clause Compound-Complex Sentences - Correct answer Has 2 independent clauses and at least 1 dependent clause Run-On Sentences - Correct answer Consist of multiple independent clauses that have not been joined together properly How to Correct Run-On Sentences? - Correct answer -Join Clauses Properly -Split into separate sentences -Make 1 clause dependent -Reduce to 1 clause with a compound verb Dangling Modifier - Correct answer A dependent clause or verbal phrase that does not have a clear logical connection to a word in the sentence Split Infinitive - Correct answer Occurs when a modifying word comes between the word to and the verb that pairs with to Apostrophe - Correct answer Use to show possession or the deletion of letters in contractions Hyphens - Correct answer Used to separate compound words When do you use Hyphens? - Correct answer -Compound numbers -Written our fractions -Adjectives that come before a noun Dashes - Correct answer To show a break or a change in thought in a sentence or to act as parentheses in a sentence When do you use Dashes? - Correct answer -To set off parenthetical statements or an appositive with internal punctuation -To show a break or change in tone or thought Ellipsis - Correct answer Has 3 periods to show when words have been removed from a quotation When do you use Brackets? - Correct answer -When placing parentheses inside of parentheses -When adding clarification or detail to quotation that is not part of the quotation Commonly Confused Words - Correct answer -Which (used for things only) -That (used for people and things) -Who (used for people only) Homophones - Correct answer Words that sound alike, but have different spellings and definitions Examples of Homophones - Correct answer -To, too, and two -There, their, and they're -Knew and new -its and it's -your and you're Commonly Confused Words 2 - Correct answer -Then (sequence or order) -Than (comparison) Forms of Affect and Effect - Correct answer -Affect [n] (feeling, emotion, or mood that is displayed) -Affect [v] (to alter, to change, to influence) -Effect [n] (a result, a consequence) -Effect [v] (to bring about, to cause to be) Homographs - Correct answer Words that share the same spelling, but have different meanings and sometimes different pronunciation Examples of Homographs - Correct answer -Bank -Content -Fine -Incense -Lead -Object -Produce -Refuse -Subject -Tear What should be Addressed in the First Part of an Essay? - Correct answer -What is the subject of the lesson? -How does the essay address the subject? -What will the essay provide? What should be Addressed in the Middle Part of an Essay? - Correct answer -State the point -Explain it's meaning -Support it with quotations or other evidence -Explain how the point and the evidence are related to the thesis What should be Addressed in the Last Part of an Essay? - Correct answer -Summary of Points 1-3 -Thesis Statement Informative/Explanatory Writing - Correct answer Writing based on something that is true or factual Argumentative Writing - Correct answer Writing strives to prove something that may or may not be true or factual Narrative Writing - Correct answer Writing that tells a story Concrete Language - Correct answer Provides informations that readers can grasp and empathize with Abstract Language - Correct answer More general, can leave readers felling disconnected, empty, or even confused Linguistic Form - Correct answer Encodes the literal meaning of words and sentences Writing Style - Correct answer Consists of different ways of encoding the meaning and indicating figurative and stylistic meaning Basic Effects of Writing Style - Correct answer -Communicate meaning -Authors attitude -Express feelings Formal Writing - Correct answer Addressing a superior in school or work environment Informal Writing - Correct answer Appropriate for private letters, personal emails, and business correspondence between close associates Cliches - Correct answer Phrases that have been overused to the point that the phrase has no importance or has lost the original meaning Jargon - Correct answer Specialized vocabulary that is used among members of a trade or profession Slang - Correct answer Informal and sometimes private language that is understood by some individuals Colloquiums - Correct answer Word or phrase that is found in informal writing Tone - Correct answer The writers attitude towards the topic, and to the audience Concisness - Correct answer Writing that you need to get your message across in the fewest words possible Figurative Language - Correct answer Language that goes beyond the literal meaning of a word or phrase Types of Figurative Language - Correct answer -Hyperbole (excessive exaggeration for humor) -Onomatopoeia (words that imitate the sounds they name) -Simile (compares using like or as) -Metaphor (compares without using like or as) -Personification (describing a thing or animal as a person) -Alliteration (series of words containing the same sound) -Imagery (create mental images of the story) Descriptive Language - Correct answer Evokes imagery in the readers mind to make a story come alive Figure of Speech - Correct answer Word of phrase that departs from straight forward, literal language Literacy - Correct answer The ability to read and write Reading Literacy - Correct answer Ability to read Writing Literacy - Correct answer Includes spelling, grammar, and sentence structure Phonological Awareness - Correct answer The ability to perceive sound structures in a spoken language Phonemes - Correct answer The sounds represented by the eaters in the alphabet Classroom Activities that Teach Phonological Awareness - Correct answer -Clapping to the sounds of individual words, names, or all words in a sentence -Practice saying blended phonemes -Singing songs that involve phoneme replacement -Reading poems, songs, and nursery rhymes out loud -Reading patterned and predictable texts out loud -Listening to environmental sounds or following verbal directions -Playing games with rhyming chants or finger plays -Reading alliterate texts out loud -Grouping objects by beginning sounds -Reordering Words in a well known sentence or making silly phrases by deleting words from a well known sentence Alphabetic Principal - Correct answer The use of letters and combinations of letters to represent speech sounds Alphabet Writing Systems - Correct answer -Phonological (each letter stands for an individual sound and words are spelled just as they sound) -Logographic (Chinese) -Syllabic (Japanese) How can Children Learn Language? - Correct answer -Interacting with others -Experiencing in daily and relevant context -Understanding that speaking and listening are necessary for effective communication How can Teachers Promote Language Development? - Correct answer - Modeling enriched vocabulary and teaching new words -Using questions and examples to extend a child's descriptive language skills -Context clues -Prefixes, roots, and suffixes -Dictionaries and thesaurus -Allow for practice -Print rich environment -Group Words into single subject Affixes - Correct answer Syllables attached to the beginning or end of a word to make a derivative or inflectional form of a word Prefixes - Correct answer Syllables that appear at the beginning of a word Root Words - Correct answer The base of a word to which affixes can be added Suffixes - Correct answer Syllables that appear at the end of a word Types of Suffixes - Correct answer -Noun suffix -Verb suffix -Adjective suffix Strategies to Improve Reading Comprehesion - Correct answer - Illustrations and questions -Predictions -Relating or connecting -Retelling Prior Knowledge - Correct answer Something from a students long term memory Effective Classroom Practices for Second Language Acquisition - Correct answer -Understandable instruction -Relate instruction to cultures -Increase interactive activities -Cover all curriculum areas -Use consistent routines -Use a schedule -Create group activities -Students as translators -Establish word to action relationships -Experiment with and practice -Use multi sensory learning Learning Theory Approach - Correct answer Assumes that language is first learned by imitating the speech of adults, then is solidified in school through drills about the rules of language structures Linguistic Theory Approach - Correct answer Proposes that the ability to use a language is innate Cognitive Theory Approach - Correct answer States that children must develop appropriate cognitive skills before they can acquire language Sociocognitive Theory Approach - Correct answer Proposes that language development is a complex interaction or linguistic, social, and cognitive influences How to Encourage ESL Students to Listen? - Correct answer -Talk about interesting topics -Give examples that are easy to understand or are related to the topic -Avoid colloquiums and slang terms -Clarify points, repeat words, and define words -Support words with visuals Top-down Processing - Correct answer The listener refers to background and global knowledge to figure out the meaning of a message Bottom-up Processing - Correct answer The listener figures out the meaning of a message by using data obtained from what is said Pre-listening Activities - Correct answer Establishes the purpose of the lesson and engages students background knowledge Listening Activities - Correct answer Requires the listener to obtain information and the immediately do something with that information Post-listening Activities - Correct answer Evaluation process that allows students to judge how well they did with the listening task How to Encourage ESL Students to Speak? - Correct answer -Read aloud -Verbal summary -Verbal explanations -Group Activities How to Encourage ESL Students to Read? - Correct answer -Use bilingual dictionaries -Books in native languages -Read aloud -Verbal summaries -Peripateia (tragic turning) Hegel's Theory of Tragedy - Correct answer A tragedy must involve some circumstance in which 2 values or right are fatally at odds with one another and conflict directly Predictions - Correct answer Conclusions that readers make based on what will happen in the text Inferences - Correct answer Conclusions that readers make based on observations and previous knowledge Connections - Correct answer Help readers understand text better and predict what might occur next based on what they already know Kinds of Connections - Correct answer -Text to self -Text to text -Text to world Summarize - Correct answer Helps readers identify important information and organize it in their minds Paraphrase - Correct answer Helps readers comprehend information by rephrasing the authors words and details Topics - Correct answer The subject of the text Main Idea - Correct answer The most important point being made by the author Supporting Details - Correct answer Provide evidence and backing for the main point Identifying a Logical Conclusion - Correct answer Helps you determine whether you agree with t writer or not Drawing Conclusions - Correct answer Statements implied from written information or from the passage directly Outlining - Correct answer Reveals the structure of the passage and will lead to solid conclusions Graphic Organizers - Correct answer A way to simplify information and take key points from the text Chronological Order/Sequence - Correct answer Information presented in the order it happened Cause and Effect - Correct answer A cause is an act that makes something happen and an effect is the thing that happens as a result of the cause Persuasive Essays - Correct answer The author tries to make a convincing argument and change the minds of readers Problem and Solution - Correct answer A problem is something that shouldn't happen and the solution is how that problem was fixed Compare and Contrast - Correct answer Finds similarities and differences between 2 ideas or things Point of View - Correct answer A text perspective from which a passage is told Authors Purpose - Correct answer The reason the author has for writing (inform, persuade, express, & entertain) Text Evidence - Correct answer Information that supports a main point or minor points and can help lead the reader to a conclusion Credible Text - Correct answer When the author is knowledgeable and objective, or unbiased Counter Arguments - Correct answer While writing, au5ors give both sides to the argument to build trust with their readers Fact - Correct answer Can be subjected to analysis and can be with proved or disproved Opinion - Correct answer Personal thoughts or feelings which may not be alterable by research or evidence Bias - Correct answer When the author is unfair or inaccurate in his or her presentation Stereotype - Correct answer A bias applied specifically to a group or place Denotation - Correct answer Literal meaning of a word Connotation - Correct answer Meaning of a word goes beyond the denotative meaning to include the emotional reaction that a word may invoke Define Words with Context - Correct answer Look for nearby words that can assist in learning the meaning of the word Define Words with Contrast - Correct answer The reader will describe the unfamiliar word with the opposite meaning Define Words with Substitution - Correct answer The reader will brainstorm some possible synonyms for the given word and they will substitute these words into the sentence Define Words with Descriptions - Correct answer Readers will look at the descriptive words in the context to define a word Synonyms - Correct answer Words that mean the same thing Antonyms - Correct answer Words that mean the opposite of one another Setting - Correct answer The place in which the story as a whole is set Time Frame - Correct answer The period in which the story is set Theme - Correct answer What the reader learns from the text or the passage -Glossary -Boldface print -Headings and subheadings -Footnotes -Bullet point -Sidebar -Illustrations -Captions -Charts, tables, and diagrams Steps that Readers can take for Evaluating the Arguments - Correct answer -Identify the arguments conclusion -Identify the authors premises that support the conclusion —Evaluate whether premises reasonably support the conclusion Rhetorical Devices - Correct answer -Anecdote -Aphorisms -Allusions -Satire -Parody -Paradox -Hyperbole -Oxymoron Rhetorical Strategies - Correct answer -Analogies -Similes and metaphors -Syllogism -Deductive reasoning -Diction -Understatement -Chiasmus -Anaphora Numbers - Correct answer The basic building blocks of mathematics Integer - Correct answer Any positive or negative while number, including 0 Prime Number - Correct answer Any whole number greater than 1 that has only 2 factors, itself and 1 Composite Number - Correct answer Any whole number greater than 1 that has more than 2 different factors Even Number - Correct answer Any integer that can be divided by 2 without leaving a remainder Odd Number - Correct answer Any integer that cannot be divided evenly by 2 Decimal System - Correct answer Number system that uses 10 different digits (0-9) Binary System - Correct answer Number system that uses 2 different digits (0-1) Decimal Number - Correct answer Any number that uses a decimal point to show the part of the number that is less than 1 Decimal Point - Correct answer A symbol used to separate the ones place from the tenths place in decimals Decimal Place - Correct answer The position of the right of the decimal point Rational Numbers - Correct answer All integers, decimals, and fractions Irrational Numbers - Correct answer Cannot be written as fractions or decimals because the number of decimal places is infinite and there is no recurring pattern of digits within the number Real Numbers - Correct answer The set of all rational and irrational numbers Number Lines - Correct answer A graph to see the distance between numbers Place Value in Word Form - Correct answer Each digit of a number represents how many of the corresponding place value Absolute Value - Correct answer The distance away from 0 a number is in the number line |3|=|-3|? - Correct answer Yes because the distance is the same between 0 and 3 and -3 and 0 Mathematical Expressions - Correct answer A combination of values and operations Operation - Correct answer Mathematical process that takes some values as inputs and produces and output Addition - Correct answer Increases the value of one quantity by the value of another quantity Fraction - Correct answer A number that is expressed as one integer above another integer Quotient - Correct answer The answer to a division problem Numerator - Correct answer The top number in a fraction Denominator - Correct answer The bottom number in a fraction Reducing a Fraction - Correct answer When you divide both numbers by a common factor Equivalent Fractions - Correct answer Two fractions that have the same value but are expressed differently Common Denominator - Correct answer When two fractions are manipulated so they can have the same denominator Proper Fraction - Correct answer A fraction whose denominator is greater than its numerator Improper Fraction - Correct answer A fraction whose numerator is greater than its denominator Mixed Numbers - Correct answer A number that contains both an integer and a fraction Adding and Subtracting Fractions - Correct answer If two fractions have a common denominator, they can be added or subtracted simply by adding or subtracting the two numerators and retaining the same denominator Multiplying Fractions - Correct answer Two fraction can be multiplied by multiplying the two numerators to find the numerator and the two denominators to find the new denominator Dividing Fractions - Correct answer Two fractions can be divided by flipping the numerator and denominator of the second fraction and then proceeding as though it were a multiplication Decimals - Correct answer One way to represent parts of a whole Adding and Subtracting Decimals - Correct answer When adding and subtracting decimals, the decimal points must always be aligned Multiplying Decimals - Correct answer Treat the numbers are wholes rather than decimals, then count the number of places to the right of the decimal in both the numbers and place the decimal in that position Dividing Decimals - Correct answer Treat the numbers as whiles rather than decimals, then move the decimal the appropriate amount Percentages - Correct answer Can be thought of as fractions that are based on a whole of 100 Components of Percentage Problems - Correct answer -Whole -Part -Percentage Percentage Problem Equation - Correct answer P = W x % Direct Proportion - Correct answer Describes a relationship in which a quantity increases by a set amount for every increase in the other quantity or decreases by the same amount for every decrease in the other quantity Inverse Proportion - Correct answer A relationship in which an increase in one quantity is accompanied by a decrease in the other Ratio - Correct answer A comparison of two quantities in a particular order Constant of Proportionality - Correct answer When the product of this constant and one of the quantities is equal to the other quantity Unit Rate - Correct answer Expresses a quantity of one thing in terms of one unit of another Slope Equation - Correct answer m = y2-y1/x2-x1 Mathematical Expressions - Correct answer A combination of one or more values arranged in terms that are added together Variable Term - Correct answer The product of a real number and one or more variables each of which may be raised to an exponent Constants - Correct answer Expressions that include numbers without a variable Single Variable Linear Expressions - Correct answer The sum of a single variable term, where the variable has no exponent and a constant Linear Expression - Correct answer The sum of any number of variable terms so long as none of the variables have an exponent One Variable Linear Equations - Correct answer Equations that can be written as ax+b=0, where a does not equal 0 Solution Set - Correct answer The set of all solutions of a equation Empty Set - Correct answer When an equation has no true solutions Equivalent Equations - Correct answer Equations with identical solutions Identity - Correct answer A term whose value or determine is equal to one Standard Form Equation - Correct answer Ax+By=C Slope Intercept Form Equation - Correct answer y=mx+b Point Slope Form Equation - Correct answer y-y1=m(x-x1) Two Point Form Equation - Correct answer y-y1 / x-x1 = y2-y1 / x2-x1 Intercept Form - Correct answer x/x1 + y/y1 = 1 Like Terms - Correct answer Terms in an equation that have the same variable, regardless of whether or not they have the same coefficient Input Variables - Correct answer The independent variable Domain - Correct answer The set of all input values for which the function is defined Range - Correct answer The set of all possible output values of the function Data Table - Correct answer Contains the values for x and y, which you can also list as coordinates Variables That Vary Directly - Correct answer Both increase or decrease at the same rate Variables That Vary Inversely - Correct answer One increases while the other decreases, vise versa Properties of Functions - Correct answer -End behavior (the behavior of the function at extreme values) -Y intercept (the value of the function at f(0) -Roots (the values of x where the function equals 0) -Extrema (min or max values of the functions or where the function changes direction) Invertible Function - Correct answer A function f(x), for which there is another function f^-1(x), such that f^-1(f(x))=x One to One Function - Correct answer Each value of x has exactly 1 value for y on the coordinate plane, vise versa Many to One Function - Correct answer A function whereby the relation is a function, but the inverse of the function is not a function Monotone Function - Correct answer A function whose graph either constantly increases or constantly decrease Even Function - Correct answer A graph that is symmetric with respect to the y axis and satisfies the equation f(x)=f(-x) Odd Fuction - Correct answer A graph that is symmetric with respect to the origin and satisfies the equation f(x)=-f(-x) Constant Functions - Correct answer Given by the equation f(x)=b, where b is a real number Identity Functions - Correct answer Identifies by the equation f(x)=x, where every value of the function is equal to its corresponding value of x Linear Functions - Correct answer The value of the function changes in direct proportion to x Algebraic Functions - Correct answer Those that exclusively use polynomials and roots Transcendental Functions - Correct answer All functions that are non algebraic Absolute Value Functions - Correct answer Has the format of f(x)=|ax+b| Piecewise Functions - Correct answer Has different definitions on 2 or more different intervals Quadratic Functions - Correct answer A function in the form y=ax^2 + box + c, where a does not equal 0 Quadratic Function Types - Correct answer -Parabola -Positive quadratic function -Negative quadratic function Polynomial Functions - Correct answer A function with multiple terms and multiple powers of x Rational Functions - Correct answer A function that can be constructed as a ratio of 2 polynomial expressions: f(x)= p(x)/q(x) and q(x)= 0 Square Root Functions - Correct answer A function that contains a radical and is in the format f(x)= √2x+1 Step Functions - Correct answer The double brackets in a equation, such as f0(x)=[[x]] Exponential Functions - Correct answer Equations that have the format y=b^2, where b>0 and b doesn't = 1 Geometric Sequences - Correct answer an= a1 x r^n-1, where an is the value of the nth term, a1 is the initial value, r is the common ratio, and n is the number of terms Population Growth - Correct answer f(t)=ae^rt, where f(t) is the population at time is greater than or equal to zero, a is the initial population, e is the mathematical constant known as Euler's number, and r is the growth rate Compound Interest - Correct answer f(t)=P(1+r/n)^nt, where f(t) is the account value at a certain number of time periods t is greater than or equal to 0, P is the initial principle balance, r is the interest rate, and n is the number of times the interest is applied per time period General Exponential Growth or Decay - Correct answer f(t)=a(1+r)^t, where f(t) is the future count, a is the current or current count, r is the growth or decay rate, and t is the time Logarithmic Functions - Correct answer Equations that have the format y=logb x or f(x)=logb x logb 1=0 - Correct answer The log of one is equal to zero for any base logb b=1 - Correct answer The log of the base is equal to one logb bp=p - Correct answer The log of the base raised to a power is equal to the power logb MN=logb M +logb N - Correct answer The log of a product is the song of the log of each factor -1000mg=1g -1000g=1kg -1000kg=1 metric ton -1000mL=1L -1000um=1mm -1000mm=1m -100cm=1m -1000m=1km Distance and Area Measurement - Correct answer -1in=2.54cm -12in=0.305m -3ft=0.914m -5280ft=1.609km -4840y^2=0.405ha -640a=2.590km^2 Capacity Measurements - Correct answer -8fd=29.573mL -8fl oz=0.237L -16fl oz=0.473L -2pt=0.946L -4qt=3.785L -1fd=5mL -4fd=15 or 16mL -0.271d=1mL Weight Measurements - Correct answer -16d=28.35g -16oz=453.6g -2000lb=907.2kg Point - Correct answer A fixed location in space, has no size or dimensions, and is commonly represented by a dot Line - Correct answer A set of points that extends infinitely in 2 opposite directions Line Segment - Correct answer A portion of a line that has definite endpoints Ray - Correct answer A portion of a line that extends from a single point on that line in one direction along the line Perpendicular Lines - Correct answer Lines that intersect at right angles Parallel Lines - Correct answer lines in the same plane that have no points in common and never meet Transversal - Correct answer A line that intersects at least 2 other lines, which may or may not be parallel to one annother Bisector - Correct answer A line or line segment that divides another line segment into 2 equal lengths Perpendicular Bisector - Correct answer A line segment is composed of points that are equidistant from the endpoints of the segment it is dividing Projection of a Point on a Line - Correct answer The point at which a perpendicular line drawn from the given point to the given line intersects the line Projection of a Segment on a Line - Correct answer A segment whose endpoints are the points formed when perpendicular lines are drawn from the endpoints of the given segment to the given line Planes - Correct answer 2 dimensional flat surface defined by three non- collinear points Conic Sections - Correct answer Forms when a plane intersects a circular conic surface Angle - Correct answer Fromed when 2 lines or line segments meet at a common point Vertex - Correct answer The point at which 2 segments or rays meet to form an angle Types of Angles - Correct answer -Acute -Right -Obtuse -Straight -Reflex -Full -Complementary -Supplementary -Adjacent -Alternate interior -Alternate exterior Rotation - Correct answer A transformation that turns a figure around a point Centroid - Correct answer The point of concurrency of the medians of a triangle Quadrilateral - Correct answer A closed 2 dimensional geometric figure that has 4 straight sides Types of Quadrilaterals - Correct answer -Kite -Trapezoid -Parallelogram -Rectangle -Rhombus -Square Trapezoid Area - Correct answer 1/2h(b1+b2) Trapezoid Perimeter - Correct answer a+b1+c+b2 Isosceles Trapezoid - Correct answer A trapezoid with equal base angles Paralellogram Area - Correct answer bh Parallelogram Perimeter - Correct answer 2a+2b or 2(a+b) Rectangle Area - Correct answer lw Rectangle Perimeter - Correct answer 2l+2w or 2(l+w) Rhombus Area - Correct answer d1xd2/2 Rhombus Perimeter - Correct answer 2√(d1)^2+(d2)^2 Square Area - Correct answer s^2 Square Perimeter - Correct answer 4s Hierarchy of Quadrilaterals - Correct answer Center of Circle - Correct answer The single point from which every point on the circle is equidisant Circle Radius - Correct answer A line segment that joins the center of the circle and any one point on the circle Cirlce Diameter - Correct answer A line segment that passes through the center of the circle and has both endpoints on the circle Circle Area - Correct answer πr² Circle Circumference - Correct answer 2πr Prism Surface Area - Correct answer LA+2B Pyramid or Cone Surface Area - Correct answer LA+B Sphere Area - Correct answer 4πr² Sphere Volume - Correct answer 4/3πr³ Prism Volume - Correct answer Bh Rectanglar Prism Volume - Correct answer lwh Rectanglar Prism Surface Area - Correct answer 2lw+2hl+2wh or 2(lw+hl+wh) Cube Volume - Correct answer s^3 Cube Surface Area - Correct answer 6s^2 Cylinder Volume - Correct answer πr^2h Cylinder Surface Area - Correct answer 2πr^2 + 2πrh Pyramid Volume - Correct answer 1/3Bh Pyramid Surface Area - Correct answer B+1/2Phs Cone Volume - Correct answer 1/3πr^2h Cone Surface Area - Correct answer πrs + πr^2 Triangle Types - Correct answer -Scalene (no congruent sides) -Acute (3 angles less than 90*) -Isosceles (2 angles equal) -Equilateral (3 angles equal) -Obtuse (1 angle greter than 90*) -Right (1 angle equals 90*) Types of Similar Triangles - Correct answer -AAA (angle, angle, angle) Types of Congruent Triangles - Correct answer -SSS (side, side, side) -SAS (side, angle, side) -ASA (angle, side, angle) -AAS (angle, angle, side) -HL (hypotenuse, leg) Triangle Inequality Theorem - Correct answer The sum of the measures of any 2 sides of a triangle is always greater than the measure of the third side Triangle Legs - Correct answer The other 2 sides of the triangle, not the hypotenuse Hypotenuse - Correct answer The side of a triangle opposite the right angle Hyperbola - Correct answer The set of all points in a plane, whose distance from 2 foci, has a constant difference Horizontal Hyperbola Equation - Correct answer (x-h)^2/a^2 - (y-k)^2/b^2 = 1 Vertical Hyperbola Equation - Correct answer (y-k)^2/a^2 - (x-h)^2/b^2 = 1 Probability - Correct answer The likelihood of a certain outcome occurring for a given event Event - Correct answer A situation that produces a result Compound Event - Correct answer Events that involve 2 or more independent events Desired Outcome - Correct answer An outcome that meets a particular set of criteria Independent Events - Correct answer 2 or more events whose outcomes do not affect one another Dependent Events - Correct answer 2 or more events in whose outcomes affect one another Certain Outcome - Correct answer probability of outcome is 100% or 1 Impossible Outcome - Correct answer probability of outcome is 0% or 0 Mutually Exclusive Outcomes - Correct answer 2 or more outcomes whose criteria cannot all be satisfied in a single event Random Variable - Correct answer Refers to all possible outcomes of a single event which may be discrete or continuous Theoretical Probability - Correct answer The likelihood of an outcome occuring, or the probability of an outcome occuring Theroretical Probability Equation - Correct answer Number of acceptable outcomes/number of possible outcomes Experimental Probability - Correct answer An estimate of the likelihood of a certain outcome based on repeted experiments or collected data Objective Probability - Correct answer Based on mathematical formulas and documented evidence Subjective Probability - Correct answer Based on personal or professional feelings and judgments Sample Space - Correct answer The total set of all possible results of a test or experiment Distribution - Correct answer Function that assigns a real number probability, from 0-1, to each outcome How to Determine the Outcome? - Correct answer -Tree Diagrams -List Charts Mutually Exclusive - Correct answer Events that have no outcomes in common Independent - Correct answer 2 events have no bearing on each other so that one event occuring has no influence on the probability of another event occuring Dependent - Correct answer The outcome of 1 event does affect the probability of the second event Odds in Favor of an Event - Correct answer The number of times the event will occur compared to the number of times the event will not occur Odds in Favor of an Event Formula - Correct answer P(A)/1-P(A) Odds Against an Event - Correct answer The number of times the event will not occur compared to the number of times the event will occur - Correct answer Odds Against an Event Formula - Correct answer 1-P(A)/P(A) Permutation - Correct answer An arrangement of a specific number of a set of objects in a specific order Permutation Formula - Correct answer nPr = n!/(n-r)! Combinations - Correct answer An arrangement of a specific number of a set of objects in no specific order Combination Formula - Correct answer nCr = n!/r!(n-r)! Union (symbol U) - Correct answer The set of elements found in all sets Intersection (symbol n) - Correct answer The set of common elements found in all sets Complement of an Event - Correct answer The possibility of something not happening Complement of an Event Equation - Correct answer P(not occuring)=1- P(occuring) Addition Rule Formula - Correct answer P(A or B)=P(A)+P(B)-P(A and B) Conditional Probability - Correct answer The probability that an event will occur, given that the other event has occured Multiplication Rule - Correct answer P(A and B)=P(A)xP(B) Expected Value - Correct answer A method of determing expected outcome in a random situation Data - Correct answer The collective name for pieces of information Quantitive Data - Correct answer Measurements that provide information about quantities in numbers Statistical Mean - Correct answer The value in the middle of the sset of data Statistical Mode - Correct answer The data that occurs the greatest numner of times in the data set Measure of Dispersion - Correct answer A single value that helps to interpret the measure of central tendency by providing more information about the measure of central tendency Statistical Range - Correct answer Difference between the greatest and lowest values of the data in the set Standard Deviation - Correct answer A measure of dispersion that compares all the data values in teh set to the mean of the set to give a more accurate picture Variance - Correct answer The square of the standard deviation of that sample Percentiles - Correct answer Tells what percentage of the data in the set falls below a specific point Quartiles - Correct answer Percentile groups that make up quarter sections of the data set Skewness - Correct answer A way to describe the symmetry or asymmetry of the distribution of values in a dataset Unimodal - Correct answer Distribution with a single peak Bimodal - Correct answer Distribution with 2 peaks Uniform Distribution - Correct answer Distribution with no distinct peaks Outlier - Correct answer An extremely high or low value in the data set Simple Regression - Correct answer Using an equation to represent a realtion between an independent and dependent variable Line of Best Fit - Correct answer The line that best shows the trends of the data Line of Best Fit Equation - Correct answer y=ax+b Correlation Coefficent - Correct answer The numerical value that indicates how strong the relationship is between the two variable of a linear regression equation Z Scores - Correct answer An indication of how many standard deviations aa given value falls from the mean Z Score Formula - Correct answer (x-mean)/standard deviation Central Limit Theorem - Correct answer The distribution of the means tend to get closer and closer to a normal distributionas the sample size gets larger and larger Frequency Tables - Correct answer Shows how frequently each unique value appearss in a set Relative Frequency Table - Correct answer Shows the proportions of each unique value compared to the entire set Circle Graph - Correct answer Provide a visual depiction of the relationship of each data compared to the whole sert of data Pictograph - Correct answer A graph, generally in the horizontal orientation, that uses pictures or symbols to represent the data Line Graphs - Correct answer One or more lines of varying styles to show the different values for a set of data Line Plot - Correct answer Plotted pointss that are not connected by line segments Stem and Leaf Plot - Correct answer Usedul for depicting groups of data that fall into a range of values Bar Graph - Correct answer A graph with a bar drawn to represent the exact value of data Histogram - Correct answer A bar graph that has one continuous bar for each range of data Bivariate Data - Correct answer Data from 2 different variables Scatter Plots - Correct answer Useful in determining the type of function represented by the data and finding the siple regression 5 Number Summary - Correct answer Gives a very informative picutre of the set Box and Whisker Plot - Correct answer A graphical representation of the 5 number summary 68-95-99.7 Rule - Correct answer Describes how a normal distribution of data should appear when compared to the mean 4 Basic Laws of Thermodynamics - Correct answer -Zeroth Law (2 objects in therodynamic equilibrium with a 3rd object are also in equilibrium with each other -First Law (neither madd nor energy can be destroyed, only converted from one form to another) -Second Law (the entropy of an isolated system ca only increase) -Third Law (as temperature approaches absolute 0, entropy approaches a constant minmum) Heat - Correct answer Energy transsfer from one body to another due to thermal contact Temperature - Correct answer A measurement of an objects stored heat energy Mass - Correct answer Measures how much of a substance is in an obkject Simple Machines - Correct answer Provide a force known as a mechanical advantages and make it easier to accomplish a task Types of Simple Machines - Correct answer -Inclined Plane -Lever -Wheel -Axle -Pulley Friction - Correct answer A force that arises a resistance to motion where 2 surfaces are in contact Static Frictional Force - Correct answer Object is at a rest Kinetic Frictional Force - Correct answer Object is in motion to feel force opposing Sound - Correct answer A pressure disturbance that moves through a medium in the form of mechanical waves, which transfer energy from one particle to the next Pitch - Correct answer The quality of sound determined by frequency Loudness - Correct answer A humans perception of sound intensity Sound Intensity - Correct answer Measure as the sound power per unit area, and can be expressed in decibels Timbre - Correct answer A humans perception of the type or quality of sound Oscillation - Correct answer A measurement against a basic value, equilibrium, or rest point Doppler Effect - Correct answer The effect that relative motion of the source of the wave and the location of the observer has on waves Waves - Correct answer Have energy and can transfer energy when they interact with matter Mechanical Waves - Correct answer Transmit energy through matter Electromagnetic waves - Correct answer Transmit energy through a vacuum Transverse Wave - Correct answer Provides a good illustration of the features of a wave Electromagnetic Spectrum - Correct answer All of the frequencies or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation Electromagnetic Spectrum Waves - Correct answer -Electromagnetic -Radio -Microwave -Infrared -Visible -Ultraviolet -Xrays -Gamma Reflection - Correct answer The rebound of a light wave from a surface back toward the medium from where it came Refraction - Correct answer The change in the direction of a light wave when it passes through transparent medium with a different optical density from the one in which the wave had been traveling Atomic Number - Correct answer The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom Neutrons - Correct answer Uncharged atomic particles contained within the nucleus Nucleon - Correct answer Both the neutrons and protons Element - Correct answer Matter with one partical type of atom First Conceptualization of the Atom - Correct answer Developed by Democritus inn 400BC Atom Structure - Correct answer Consists of a nucleus and electrons Nucleus Structure - Correct answer Consists of protons and neutrons Molecules - Correct answer Atoms that bonded together through a chemical bond Atomic Radius - Correct answer The average distance between the nucleus and the outermost electron Electron Cloud - Correct answer Electrons swarm around the nucleus Atom - Correct answer One of thr most basic units of matter Electrons - Correct answer Negatively charged and orbit the nucleus Protons - Correct answer Positively charged and make up the nucleus Valence Layer - Correct answer Outermost layer of valence electrons Covalent Bond - Correct answer Formed when atoms share electrons Ionic Bond - Correct answer Formed when an atom transfers an election to another atom Hydrogen Bond - Correct answer A weak bond between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom Chemical Energy - Correct answer Manner in which atoms form into molecules, and this energy can be released or absorbed when molecules regroup Solar Energy - Correct answer Comes in the form of visible light and non- visible light Sound Energy - Correct answer Energy in sound waves Chemical Reactions - Correct answer Reaactions that can be quick or slow Catalysts - Correct answer Accelerate chemical reactions Chemical Equations - Correct answer Describes chemical reactions Unbalanced Equations - Correct answer One that does not follow the law of conservation of mass, which states that matter can only be changed Periodic Table - Correct answer Groups elements with similar chemical properties together Rows on Periodic Table - Correct answer Periods Columns on Periodic Table - Correct answer Groups or familes Suspensions - Correct answer Mixtures of heterogeneous materials Collodial Suspension - Correct answer A mixture of large particles Emulsion - Correct answer A liquid or solid being dispersed Foam - Correct answer A liquid that has gas dispersed through it Base Properties - Correct answer -Conduct electricity -Change red litmus paper to blue -Feel slippery -React with acids to neutralize Salt Properties - Correct answer -Dissociate in water -Ionic compounds of metallic and nonmetallic ions -Comprised of tightly bonded ions Acid Properties - Correct answer -Conduct electricity -Chnge blue litmus paper to red -Sour taste -react with bases to neutralize Water Properties - Correct answer -High Polarity, hydrogen bonding, cohesiveness, adhesiveness, high specific heat, high latent heat, and high heat of vaporization -Room temperature when liquid -Resists heat and motion -Is cohesive Potential of Hydrogen (pH) - Correct answer A measurement of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a substance in terms of the number of moles of H+ per liter of solution Neutral pH - Correct answer pH of 7 Acidic pH - Correct answer pH less than 7 Basic pH - Correct answer pH greater than 7 Kinetic Theory of Gases - Correct answer Assumes that gas molecules are small compared to the distances between them and that they are in constant random motion Inorganic Compounds - Correct answer Compounds that lack carbon Organic Compounds - Correct answer Compounds that include carbon and form covalent bonds Polar - Correct answer Patially positively charged on one end and partially negatively charged on the other Oxidized - Correct answer Number of electorns are reduced Zoology - Correct answer Study of animals Botany - Correct answer Study of plants Biophysics - Correct answer Application of the laws of physics to the process of orginaisms and the application of the facts about living things to human processess and inventions Biochemistry - Correct answer Study of the chemistry of living organisms, including diseases and he pharaceutical drugs used to cure them Cytology - Correct answer Study of cells Histology - Correct answer Study of the tissues of plants and animals Organology - Correct answer Study of tissues organized into organs Physiology - Correct answer Study of the way organisms function Genetics - Correct answer Study of heredity as it relates to traansmission of genes Ethology - Correct answer Study of animal behavior Ecology - Correct answer Study of the relationship of living organisms to their environments Kingdoms of Life Forms - Correct answer -Kingdom Eubacteria -Kingdom Archaebacteria Transport Holes - Correct answer Proteins that help certain molecues and ions move in and out of the cell Cytoplasm - Correct answer Fluid in the cell Organelles - Correct answer Groups of complex molecules that help a cell survive Eukaryotic Cells - Correct answer -Nucleus -Nuclear envelope -Chromatin -Mitochondria Photosynthesis - Correct answer Occurs when the energy from the sun hits a chloroplast and the chlorophyll used that energy to combine carbon dioxide and water to make sugars and oxygen Passive Transport - Correct answer Within a cell and does not require energy and work Active Transport - Correct answer When a cell uses energy to move individual molecules across the cell membrane to maintain a proper balance Mitosis - Correct answer The duplication of a cell and all its parts Mitosis Phases - Correct answer -Prophase (duplicateto prepare for divison) -Metaphase (different pieces align themselves for split up) -Anaphase (half chromosomes on one side and half on the other) -Telophase (cell membrane closes and cells split into 2 pieces -Interphase (resting stage) Microbes - Correct answer The smallest, simplest, and most abundant organism on earth Roots - Correct answer Structures designed to pull water and minerals from soil or water Stems - Correct answer Transport food and water and act as support structures Leaves - Correct answer The site for photosynthesis and are connected to the rest of the plant by a vascular system Gymnosperms - Correct answer Plants with vascular systems and seeds but no flowers Cycads - Correct answer Sturdy plants with bug, waxy fronds that make them lool like ferns or palms Conifers - Correct answer Trees that thrive in northern latitudes and have cones Angiosperms - Correct answer Plants that haveflowers Dicot - Correct answer Has seeds with 2 cotyledons or 2 seed leaves of food Arthropod Characteristics - Correct answer -Have exoskeleton -They molt -Several legs -Advanced nervous system -Develop through metamorphosis Reptile Types - Correct answer -Crocodilla -Squamata -Chelonia Mammal Types - Correct answer -Monotremes -Marsupials -Placental Respiratory System - Correct answer Exchnges gases with the environment Emphysema - Correct answer Destroys the tissues in the lungs by smoking tobacco that cannot be regenerated Skeletal System - Correct answer The skeleton is made up of bones, that support the body Nervous System - Correct answer -Central Nervous System (brain and spinal cord) -Pheripheral Nervous System (a network of billions of neurins of different types throughout the entire body) Efferent Neurons - Correct answer Send impulses from the central system to the limbs and organs Afferent Neurons - Correct answer Recieve sensory information and transmit it back to the ccentral system Genotype - Correct answer The genetic makeup of an individaul based on one or more characteristics Phenotype - Correct answer The external manifestation of the genotype Chromosomes - Correct answer The structures inside the nucleus of a cell make up primarily of DNA and proteins Autotrophs - Correct answer Organisms capable of producing thier own food -Polar (tundra) -Subtropical (dry summer) -Subtropical (dry winter) -Subtropical (humid) -Subtropical (marine west coast) -Subtropical (mediterranean) -Subtropical (wet) -Tropical (monsoon) -Tropical (Savannah/grasslands) -Tropucal (wet) Layers of the Earth - Correct answer -Crust (the outermost layer of the earth that is comprised of the continents and the ocean basins) -Mantle (2 sections that are made up with silicates) -Core (seperated into 2 parts) Composition of Earths Atmosphere - Correct answer 79% nitrogen, 20% oxygen, 1% other gases Earths Atmosphere Layers - Correct answer -Troposhphere (closest layer to where the earth takes place) -Stratoshpere (air flow is horizontal) -Mesosphere (cold layer) -Thermosphere (many ionized atoms) Paleontology - Correct answer The study of phrehistoric plant and animal life through the analysis of fossil remains Law of Superposition - Correct answer The bottom layer of a series of sedimentary layers is the oldest Igneous Intrusions - Correct answer Cuts through or fows above other rocks Contact Metamorphism - Correct answer The recrystillization of rocks due to changes in physical and chemical conditions Match Rocks to Events - Correct answer -Types or patterns -Small time periods -Volcanic ash -Meteor impact Mountain - Correct answer A portion of the earth that has been raised above its surroundings by volcanic action or plate movement Volcano Types - Correct answer -Active -Extinct -Shield -Cinder cone -Composite Types of Rocks - Correct answer -Igneous (cooling liquid magma) -Metanorphic (metamorphosing into a new rock with pressure) -Sedimentary (sedimentation compaction) Glacier - Correct answer A high mountian, where snow and ice accumulate inside a cirque Winds - Correct answer The result of air moving into thier place Humitidy - Correct answer Water vapor contained in the air Dew Point - Correct answer The temperature at which water vapor condenses into water at a particual humidity Air Masses - Correct answer Large volumes of air Weather Front - Correct answer Between 2 differing masses of air that affects weather Astronomy - Correct answer Study of celestial objects and their positions, movements, and structure Universe - Correct answer All space, matter, energy, and time Planets - Correct answer -Mercury -Venus -Earth -Mars -Jupiter -Saturn -Uranus -Neptune Terrestrial Plantes - Correct answer Compact, rocky surfaces that are close to the sun (Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars) Verification - Correct answer Establishes once and for all the truth of the statement Confirmation - Correct answer The testing of claims to see how true they are Unit System - Correct answer The basis of quantitative measurements Systeme International (SI) - Correct answer The most commonly used unit system in the world Significant Figures - Correct answer Indicate how precisely a quantity is known Science Accuracy - Correct answer A measure of how close a measurement is to the true value Science Precison - Correct answer A measure of how close repeated measurements are to one another Galaxies - Correct answer Consist of stars, stellar remnants, and dark matter Types of Galaxies - Correct answer -Dwarf galaxies -Giant galaxies -Milky Way galaxy -Andromeda galaxy Intergalactic Space - Correct answer Consists of gas with an average density of less than one atom per cubic meter Dark Matter - Correct answer May account for up to 90% of the mass of galaxies Troposphere - Correct answer Where most weather takes place Meteorology - Correct answer The study of the atmosphere, particularly as it pertains to forecasting the weather and understandding its processes Weather - Correct answer The condition of the atmosphere at any given momement Climate - Correct answer The average weather for a particular area over time, typically at least 30 years High Clouds - Correct answer Occur at altitudes between 5,000 and 13,000 meters Middle Clouds - Correct answer Occur at altitudes between 2,000 and 7,000 meters Low Clouds - Correct answer Occur at altitudes between the Earths surface and 2,000 meters Urbanization - Correct answer An increaase in the proportion of human populations from rural areas to cities Economically - Correct answer Urban development (working class) Environmentally - Correct answer Urabn heat islands (farming) Colonial Period - Correct answer Where European countries attempted to settle and colonize the Americas to expand thier territories 13 Colonies States - Correct answer -New Hampshire -Massachusettes -Rhode Island -Conneticut -Virginia -Maryland -New York -Pensylvania -New Jersey -Delaware -North Carolina -South Carolina -Georgia 13 Colonies - Correct answer A group of Englsih colonies that were overtly similar in their beliefs French and Indian War - Correct answer A war over territoy between the Englsih colonies and the French Treaty of Paris - Correct answer Stopped the French and Indian War Coercive/Intolerable Acts - Correct answer To force the colonies to be dependent on Britain and to help restore the British economy following the wars Events Leading to the American Revolution - Correct answer -Sons of Liberty -Boston Massacre -Committees of Correspondence -The Boston Tea Party -First Continental Congress -The Shot Hear Round the World Progressive Era - Correct answer American created the Monroe Doctrine and participated in Spanish-American wars, from 1890-1920 Accomplishments of the Progressive Era - Correct answer -Hepburn Act -Sherman Anti-trust Act -Clayton Anti-Trust Act -Forest Service -Pure Food and Drug Act -Federal Reserve System -Fair Trade Commission Wolrd War I - Correct answer American declared neutraility and did not want to go into war but had to and got victory in 1918 Roaring Twenties - Correct answer Big change in culture and lifestyle apprach, until the stock market crashed and women were able to vote, from 1920-1929 World War II - Correct answer US wanted to stay out of it but Japan attacked first with Pearl Harbor and was the end to the economic depression in 1939 Outcomes of World War II - Correct answer -Communism -Truman Doctrine -Marshall Plan -Organization of American States -Berlin Blockade -North Atlantic Treaty Organization -Korean War -McCarthy Era Major Events in 1960s - Correct answer -Cuban Missile Crisis -Assassination of Kennedy -Civil Rights Movement -Vietnam War -Major Legislation Post War Era - Correct answer Time of economic recovery and general growth in America, from 1945-1964 Civil Rights Era - Correct answer Laws dealing with segregation, employment opportunity, and voting rights, from 1965-1980 Reagan Era - Correct answer There was an increase of military spending, while also cutting taxes and reducing the involvement of the natural government, from 1980-2000s Great Recession - Correct answer The housing industry collapsed in 2008 Pre-historical - Correct answer The earliest history of the human race Pre-modern Period - Correct answer Ancient history of early civilizations in Egypt, Babylon, and Greek and Roman Empires Sumer - Correct answer First writing system of the Sumerians Mesopotamia - Correct answer A series of empires that failed because of their oppression of subject peoples Middle Ages Events - Correct answer -Roman Catholicism -Knights -Peasants -Universities -Crusades -Charlemagne -Black Death plauge Rensissance - Correct answer The French word for rebirth Renaissance Figures - Correct answer -Petrach -Leonardo da Vinci -Michelangelo and Raphael -Desiderius Erasmus -Sir Thomas More -Niccolo Machiavelli -William Shakespeare Decolonization - Correct answer Began in the Americas and ended as late as 1960 in many African countires Abolitionism - Correct answer The movement that put an end to slavery Industrial Revolution Outcomes - Correct answer -Cotton Mills -Steel Industry -Steam Engine -Technological Era -Brandenburg Gate Direct Primary - Correct answer A means for members of a party to participate in the selection of a candidate Closed Primary - Correct answer A party nominating election in which only declared members can vote Open Primary - Correct answer Election in which an qualifies voter can take part in Blanket Primary - Correct answer Allows voters to vote in the primaries of both parties Federal Taxes - Correct answer -Income taxes on individuals -Income taxes on corporations -Excise taxes -Customs duties U.S. Citizen - Correct answer Anyone born in the US, born abroad to a US citizen, or who has gone through a process of naturalization to become a citizen Representative Democracy - Correct answer A more powerful legislature than other forms of government systems Presidential System - Correct answer A legislative-executive system that features a directly elected president with most executive powers Political Party - Correct answer An organization that advocates a particular ideology and seeks to gain power within government (democratic or republican) Congressional Elections - Correct answer Occur every 2 years for the House and Senate State Elections - Correct answer For Governnor and Lieutenant Governor Independent Expenditures - Correct answer Made to pay for a form of communication that supports the election Public Opinion - Correct answer Represents the collective attitudes of individual memebrs of the adult population in the US Supply - Correct answer The amount of product or servce available to consumers Demand - Correct answer How much consumers are willing to pay for the product or service Scarcity - Correct answer A measure of supply Resources - Correct answer Items one can barter in exchange for goods Recession Effects - Correct answer -Unemployment -Mortgage ates go up -Credit is less available -Stock market prices drop -Depression and trauma occur Economics - Correct answer The study of the buying choices that people make, the production of goods and services, and how our market system works Characteristics of Market Economy - Correct answer -Economic freedom -Economic incentives -Competition -Private ownership -Limited government Factors of Production - Correct answer -Land -Labor -Capital -Entrepreneurship Geography - Correct answer The worlds physical and cultural patterns to help understand how the world functions as an interconnected and dynamic system History - Correct answer Incorporates geography in discussions of battle, slavery, disasterss, and migrations Themes of Geography - Correct answer -Location -Place -Human-environmental interaction -Movement -Regions Latitude and Longitude - Correct answer Imaginary lines that divide the globe into a grid Map Coordinates - Correct answer Measures for a place based on longitude and latitude Equator - Correct answer 0* latitude Parallels - Correct answer Latitude lines Prime Meridian - Correct answer 0* longitude Meridians - Correct answer Longitude lines