Understanding Drug Concentration and Response: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics - Pro, Study notes of Pharmacology

Download Understanding Drug Concentration and Response: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics - Pro and more Study notes Pharmacology in PDF only on Docsity! 23 January Importance of “Principles” Potential for harm as well as good Literally thousands of drugs Basis for understanding use of any new drug Package inserts are for “normal” subjects How does one adapt treatment to: diseased animals, different age or species, different body weights, revised schedules, revise dose in event of under/over-dosing Iatrogenic disease 100,000 wrong human prescriptions annually 10 – 20% of serious hospital admissions Drug input (absorption & distribution) → steady-state drug concentration → receptors (beneficial, toxic) and output (biotransformation, elimination) Some PK (pharmacokinetic) Variables Affecting Drug Input Drug form Route of administration Bioavailability Dose and schedule Absorption rate Biotransformation Drug distribution, tissue perfusion rate Drug-drug interactions, protein binding Ion trapping Some PK Variables Affecting Drug Output Biotransformation Enzyme induction Protein binding Drug-drug interactions Liver function Kidney function, ion trapping Disease Physiological state: age, pregnancy, shock Individual genetics Some PD (pharmacodynamics) Variables Affecting Drug Response Drug concentration and affinity Efficacy: agonist, antagonist, partial agonist Receptors for beneficial response Occupancy and response Spare receptor systems Up and down regulation Receptor families and subtypes Second messenger systems Receptors for toxic response Some things to think about What are the variables that determine drug concentration in the body?