Exam Questions: Ethics, Dental Health, and Insurance, Exams of Nursing

Download Exam Questions: Ethics, Dental Health, and Insurance and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! 1 INBDE Patient Management Exam With 100% Correct And Verified Answers ADA Principles of Ethics - Correct Answer-1. Autonomy 2. Nonmaleficence 3. Beneficence 4. Justice 5. Veracity Autonomy - Correct Answer-1. Patient's right to SELF-DETERMINATION and PRIVACY 2. Meet patient's desires while within the bounds of acceptable treatment 3. HIPAA Informed Consent - Correct Answer-1. Providing Benefits, Risks and Alternative Treatment Options 2. Based on Autonomy 3. Can be charged for Battery or Assault if not presented Minors - Correct Answer-Anyone under 18 Can Minors give consent - Correct Answer-1. Generally no, they can give IMPLIED CONSENT or ASSENT but NOT Consent 2. EXCEPTION is if they are EMANCIPATED Emancipation of Minors - Correct Answer-1. Married 2. Parent 3. Pregnant 4. Military How long should patient documents be kept? - Correct Answer-As long as possible Nonmaleficence - Correct Answer-1. Keep knowledge UP TO DATE 2. KNOW YOUR LIMITS Beneficence - Correct Answer-Do good to your patients Justice - Correct Answer-1. Be FAIR 2. Do NOT Slander Veracity - Correct Answer-1. Be HONEST and TRUSTWORTHY Statute of Limitation Occurrence Rule - Correct Answer-Statute of Limitation begins when Malpractice OCCURRED 2 Statute of Limitation Discovery Rule - Correct Answer-Statute of Limitation begins when Malpractice is DISCOVERED Good Samaritan Act - Correct Answer-Provides LEGAL Protection to those Healthcare Professionals that are providing "Reasonable Assistance" to those who are: 1. Ill 2. Injured 3. Incapacitated 4. In Peril Behavior Change - Correct Answer-1. Antecedent 2. Behavior 3. Consequences Stages of Change - Correct Answer-1. Precontemplation: Not thinking of changing 2. Contemplation: Thinking of changing 3. Preparation: Getting ready to change 4. Action: Changing 5. Maintenance: Social Cognitive Theory - Correct Answer-1. Self-Efficacy: COGNITIVE Perception that you can do it 2. Behavioral Modeling: Learning from models around you 3. Social Reinforcement: Positive SOCIAL Consequences Health Belief Model - Correct Answer-1. Perceived Susceptibility 2. Perceived Costs and Benefits 3. Cue to Action Behavioral Strategies - Correct Answer-1. ALTERING Antecedents or Consequences 2. Shaping 3. Premack Principle Shaping - Correct Answer-Setting small goals and rewarding yourself for each step Premack Principle - Correct Answer-Making a HIGH-Probability Event contingent upon completing a LOW-Probability Event Motivational Interviewing - Correct Answer-1. Person-Centered Counseling designed to help transition from Ambivalence to Change 2. OARS (Open-Ended Questions, Affirmations, Reflective Listening, Summarizing) What are the stages of Motivational Interviewing? - Correct Answer-1. Engaging 2. Focusing 3. Evoking 4. Planning (Sustaining, Change, Commitment) 5 Fluoride Supplements - Correct Answer-ONLY for children living in NON-Fluoridated Areas What Fluoride Supplements should be given to less than 3yr olds? - Correct Answer- Fluoride Drops What Fluoride Supplements should be given to kids older than 3yrs old? - Correct Answer-Fluoride Tablets and Lozenges What Fluoride Supplements should be given to kids older than 6yrs old? - Correct Answer-Fluoride Mouth Rinse Rule of 6s (Fluoride Supplement) - Correct Answer--NO Fluoride Supplement is indicated if: 1. Fluoride Level is GREATER THAN 0.6ppm 2. Patient is YOUNGER THAN 6 Months 3. Patient is OLDER THAN 16 Years Topical Fluoride - Correct Answer-Best for SMOOTH Surfaces Stannous Fluoride - Correct Answer-1. Added ANTIMICROBIAL Effects 2. Can cause EXTRINSIC Staining (Similar to Chlorhexidine Rinse) What is TOXIC Dose of Fluoride - Correct Answer-5mg/kg What is LETHAL Dose of Fluoride in Adults? - Correct Answer-5g Level of Evidence Hierarchy - Correct Answer-1. Meta Analysis 2. Systematic Review 3. Randomized Controlled Trial 4. Cohort Study 5. Case-Control 6. Cross-Sectional 7. Case Report 8. Expert Opinion 9. Animal Studies 10. In Vitro Studies Epidemiological Studies - Correct Answer-Studies the DX STATUS within population Prevalence - Correct Answer-Proportion of given population that have the disease at a given time Analytical/Observational Studies - Correct Answer--To determine the Etiology of a Disease 1. Cross-Sectional Study (Prevalence) 6 2. Case-Control Study (Odds Ratio) 3. Prospective Cohort Study (Incidence and Relative Risk) 4. Retrospective Cohort Study (Incidence and Relative Risk) Cross-Sectional Study - Correct Answer-1. Comparing Different Groups SIMULTANEOUSLY 2. Measures PREVALENCE Case-Control Study - Correct Answer-1. Compares those WITH DX to similar population WITHOUT DX 2. Measures ODDS RATIO (What causes the Disease) Prospective Cohort Study - Correct Answer-1. Follows cohort and sees who develops the disease 2. Measures Incidence and Risk Retrospective Cohort Study - Correct Answer-1. Follows cohort and then look back to see what disease was developed 2. Measures Incidence and Risk Experimental Study - Correct Answer-Measure EFFECTIVENESS of Therapy What does a larger standard deviation mean? - Correct Answer-The data is MORE SPREAD OUT Reliability - Correct Answer-How easy it is to REPLICATE Results Validity - Correct Answer-How ACCURATE are the Results Sensitivity - Correct Answer-Ability to detect those WITH DX Specificity - Correct Answer-Ability to detect those WITHOUT DX Type I Error - Correct Answer-1. FALSE POS 2. Rejecting a Null Hypothesis when it should have been Accepted Type II Error - Correct Answer-1. FALSE NEG 2. Accepting a Null Hypothesis when it should have been Rejected Correlation Coefficient (r) - Correct Answer-1. Represents STRENGTH between 2 Variables 2. ALWAYS between -1 and 1 3. 0 means NO linear relationship Chi-Squared Test - Correct Answer-Measures CORRELATION between TWO Categorical Values 7 T-Test - Correct Answer-Measures Statistical Difference between 2 Means of SMALL Sample Size Z-Test - Correct Answer-Measures Statistical Difference between 2 Means of LARGE Sample Size ANOVA - Correct Answer-Measures Difference between 2 or MORE Means How long should you wash your hands for? - Correct Answer-15-20s Minimum How long should you flush ultrasonics for? - Correct Answer-20-30s Minimum Hepatitis A Transmission - Correct Answer-Fecal-Oral Hepatitis B Transmission - Correct Answer-Contaminated Blood Hepatitis C Transmission - Correct Answer-Contaminated Blood Hepatitis D Transmission - Correct Answer-1. Direct Contact 2. Prior Infection with Hep B Hepatitis E Transmission - Correct Answer-Fecal-Oral Hepatitis B - Correct Answer-1. 30% Transmission Rate 2. DNA Virus (Dane Particle) 3. Vaccine EXISTS 4. Post-Exposure Prophylaxis includes Vaccine and Immunoglobulins Hepatitis C - Correct Answer-1. 1.8% Transmission Rate 2. RNA Virus 3. Vaccine does NOT exist 4. Post-Exposure Prophylaxis now available HIV - Correct Answer-1. 0.3% Transmission Rate 2. RNA Virus 3. Diagnosed with ELISA Test 4. Vaccine does NOT exist 5. Post-Exposure Prophylaxis now available TB Transmission - Correct Answer-Infected Droplet Nuclei (Airborne) Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) - Correct Answer-1. All Dental Workers should be provided FREE HBV Vaccines 2. Clothing worn at work CANNOT be washed at home 3. Any Dental Worker with Needle Stick must get Report, Evaluation and Follow-Up 10 Third-Party Payer - Correct Answer-When a Third Party negotiates payments between providers and patients UCR - Correct Answer-1. Usual 2. Customary 3. Reasonable -Payments are made REASONABLE based on GEOGRAPHIC Location Table of Allowances - Correct Answer-Lists MAX Amount a Plan will pay for each procedures BUT allows Dentists to charge MORE, which will have to be paid by patient Fee Schedule - Correct Answer-List of fees that Dentist has agreed upon for services and Insurance will cover 100% Fee for Service - Correct Answer-1. Dentist is paid based on PROCEDURE 2. Leading payer for dental treatment Capitation Plan (HMO) - Correct Answer-1. Dentist gets paid FLAT FEE for EVERY patient seen 2. Dentist LOSES if Value of Service > Fee 3. Dentist GAINS if Value of Service < Fee Sliding Scale Fee - Correct Answer-Cost is adjusted based on patient income and ability to pay Balance Billing - Correct Answer-Dentist charges the Balance of what's left AFTER Insurance covers Prospective Reimbursement - Correct Answer-Dentist paid predetermined fixed amount BEFORE treatment is provided Unbundling - Correct Answer-Separating dental procedures into component parts to get more money Bundling - Correct Answer-Combining of Distinct Dental Procedures Upcoding - Correct Answer-Coding a more expensive procedure than what was done Downcoding - Correct Answer-Coding a less expensive procedure than what was done Overbilling - Correct Answer-Charging more than legally or ethically acceptable Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) - Correct Answer-1. Insurance Option that LIMITS Medical Coverage to those specific providers under contract 2. Doctors paid on Capitation Plan 11 3. LOWER Premium but LESS Options Preferred Provider Organization - Correct Answer-1. Panel of Providers who agreed to accept LOWER Fees in exchange for HIGHER Volume of Patients 2. HIGHER Premium but MORE Options Open Panel - Correct Answer-Any Provider can see ANY patient Closed Panel - Correct Answer-Providers can ONLY see patients under their contracted plan Suspected Elder Abuse should be reported to who? - Correct Answer-Health and Human Services (HHS) Administration for Children and Families (ACF) - Correct Answer-Part of Head Start (Low-Income Children) Centers of Medicare and Medicaid (CMS) - Correct Answer-1. HIPAA 2. Medicare (Elderly) 3. Medicaid (Destitute) 4. CHIP (Children) Is Dental Insurance covered under Medicare? - Correct Answer-Generally No, UNLESS: 1. For Reconstruction after Jaw Injury 2. Tooth Extraction before Radiation Treatment 3. Prior to Kidney Transplant and Heart Valve Replacement 4. If Patient's Medical Condition or Severity of Dental Treatment require Hospitalization Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) - Correct Answer-1. National Health Service Corps (NHSC): Provides loan repayments for healthcare professionals who work in underserved communities 2. Ryan White CARE Act: Funds Medical + Dental Care for patients with HIV/AIDS Center of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) - Correct Answer-Provides Oral Health Surveillance Food and Drug Administration (FDA) - Correct Answer-Evaluates EFFICACY and SAFETY of foods, drugs and medical devices Indian Health Services (IHS) - Correct Answer-Improves Health Status of American Indians and Alaskan Natives National Institutes of Health (NIH) - Correct Answer-Biomedical and Public Health Research 12 Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) - Correct Answer-Conducts research on Quality and Access to Healthcare Quality Assessment - Correct Answer-Measures QUALITY of Care at a location Quality Assurance - Correct Answer-Measure not only QUALITY of Care but also IMPLEMENTS Necessary Change to IMPROVE Quality if necessary