Download Increasing Turbulence Increase in the Bed and Bank - Geography | GEOG 2051 and more Study notes Geography in PDF only on Docsity! Geography 2051 March 5, 2012 Increasing Turbulence increases in the bed and bank Types of Flow 1. Laminar-particles parallel (e.g sheets of glass) 2. Turbulent- eddies, mixing (e.g. running water deals with turbulent flow a. Streaming (sub-critical) ordinary type turbulence (most common) surface e waves move faster than water beneath.. Movement of water travels faster than the column below it b. Shooting (super critical) e.g. white water, rapids, surface waves move slower than water beneath *A lot of turbulence in the river Types of Sediment Load 1. Dissolved Tons 3,600 x 10^6 Ration 3.6 2. Suspended Tons 12,695 x 3. Bedload Bedload bouncing-bouncing or sliding huge particles only moves ocasionally Suspended load-suspended by turbulence Brown color-fine particles silt, clay form runoff, correlates with discharge related to turbulence can be measured Dissolved- Not depended on gradient, depends on water discharge, climate related (e.g limestone** can be measured, absolute amount increases with increased discharge(Q) March 7, 2012 How to save LA wetlands? Do we put diversions in the marshes/wetlands? 200,000 is a really low in terms of how much water it carries. The river may be low in years. 3 columns’ Low flow 1. Silt/clay very fine materials 2. Sand coarser stuff bed load See notes on noteswap! It takes more energy to pick up clay from the bottom of the channel than sand. When clay is laid down on the water its tightly packed. Takes a lot of energy to move clay. Sand has a lot of cohesion. Remember: Competence-maximum size grain) that a river can carry Capacity maximum amount Knichpoints-caprock (resistence layer undercuts this) most famous caprock Nigeria Falls Cascade- March 9 Absent March 12, 2012 Transverse(X-section)profile A) Width, depth, channel shape these related to: B) Discharge, velocity, bank and channel sediment Bank made of sand(not cohesive) Clay is cohesive a) Parallel walls b) V shape channel-lateral motion c) The downcutting d) Asymetircial Stream Piracy Water gap, beheaded, capture, wind gap. In wind gap(water not flowing) Drew a pic of the Mississippi River. He labeled the coast, the delta, and the acfrayla. Why does the ___ want to go down the achfalya? The channel is steeper. Superimposition-river lowerd on preexisting structure (topography) Antecedence-river older than structure(topography) Dendetic- Random tree like flowing on a uniform surface, colorado plateau Rectangular and the Trellis a. The rectangular flow in two directions implies the rock has fractures have right angles perpendicular joint set b. Trellis the main stream are all flowing in the same direction. Following a strike. All the ridges sticking up. Main channel flowing down the strike valley. Strike is perpendicular to the… c. Parallel- d. Annular-trellis drainage in a circle e. Deranged-the great lakes below sea level. Glaceirs scoop out the whole valley
